As a lay person/observer I've always felt there must be a connection between the few observed EM Drive "successes" and either dark matter or dark energy. Is it possible that this recent paper out of the University of Copenhagen might be a clue to such a connection? It describes a model that has dark matter exerting a force that could explain the expansion rate of the universe previously accounted for by models relying on dark energy:
"Specifically, this model has no cosmological constant, instead the dark matter particles have an extra force proportional to velocity squared, somewhat reminiscent of the magnetic force in electrodynamics."
Summary: https://www.science.ku.dk/english/press/news/2021/new-study-sews-doubt-about-the-composition-of-70-percent-of-our-universe/
Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.07792.pdf
I apologize if this has already been discussed, since I'm only a periodic visitor to this topic's forum.
It seems like if this model or its derivatives might provide some clues how to "tune" an EM drive experiment some day.
Just my 2 cents...
You might be more right than you think. I'll get at why. Just reciently there was a paper that predicts why galaxies rotate at their rotation rate with out the need for dark matter using general relativity's frame dragging or gravitomagnetic effect. Basically if the entire universe was rotating and all the matter makes up space time everywhere then that space time would rotate too, and we would never know. It is connected to Mach's_principle.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach%27s_principle You can think of the gravitomagnetic effect as, the local space time that exists because of the local matter is rotating with the local matter. Problem is the local space time made up of local matter is usually very small (hence the small effect of gravitomagnetism). While the gravitational potential drops off with distance the volume of the universe increases per distance cubed so that the potential locally from all the distant matter is not negligible or actually quite large. When gravitomagnetism rotates the local space time the speed of light one way around is faster than the other which suggests the local space time is the reference frame for the speed of light.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitoelectromagnetism also see frame dragging,
, "Under the Lense–Thirring effect, the frame of reference in which a clock ticks the fastest is one which is revolving around the object as viewed by a distant observer. This also means that light traveling in the direction of rotation of the object will move past the massive object faster than light moving against the rotation".
For gallaxies most of the matter is distant and for a massive galaxy rotating it seems too have a non-negligible effect on its local space time. The entire gallaxy has to rotate faster than its local space time to feel force away from the galactic center. The gallaxy appears to rotate faster than it should according to classical gravity but to general relativity it appears this may be predicted. Einstein was excited by the gravitomagnetic effect I read somewhere because he knew what it meant to Mach's principle.
Anyways there is a lot of energy stored up in that rotating space time and here is an important point. There might be a parallel or equivalence principle to the classical gravity, dark matter halo and general relativistic gravitomagnetism because that dark halo appears right where all that stored energy should be according to general relativity but it is a gr magnetic effect not classical. This dark matter/energy is probably energy that has been lost to space time and why would this energy not be conserved? Likewise dark energy may be lost energy to gravity waves. Just reciently in analogue gravity they found a back reaction on black holes when they emmit gravity waves (see my link below about analogue gravity). I was saying this should be before but wasn't taken seriously. It is a parallel to charges experiencing a back reaction when they emit radiation. However if those waves are in a medium of space time, and it has a dielectric property, and the wave is extremely energetic then they can be less dense and actually float away from gravity. A parallel is extremely energetic sound waves in which the air is super heated and hot air is less dense. While the waves might have some regions that are more dense the less dense regions will be a lot less dense so the over all density is less. This would appear as a negative density of space time and a negative density would have negative gravitational properties hence dark energy.
So here is my point. When we discovered the magnetic field we developed compasses to observe it and later other mechanisms. Then we learned later to manipulate it to generate electricity, ect. Now we are learning to observe space time via ligo virgo ect and eventually it is our destiny to learn how to manipulate space time. Here is something key, if you want to understand propellantless propulsion then you have to learn to manipulate space time and Ill say to do that you have to learn to do it efficiently and not waste your energy doing it or you won't go anywhere.
I'll say probably the most likely example I can think of of possible experimental evidence of our first real manipulation of space time is Podkletnov's "gravity impulse generator" in which he claims to have made a wave that seems repulsive and even deflects laser beams and using multiple beams he claims to have clocked it traveing at 64 times the speed of light or 64c. If this is true I would say what he measured was the coordinate speed of light of that wave which is different than a locally measured speed of light if you are located in your local space time. This would be for the inflated space time in which time ticks faster, the coordinate speed of light is faster and is repulsive for the reasons I mentioned above for dark energy. It would also be a mechanism for the back reaction on black holes upon wave emission which was found in analogue gravity I mentioned but those waves quickly disipate in energy density with out being in the form of a soliton wave which Podkletnov has seemed to achieved with his experiment
.
Backreaction in an analogue black hole experiment
Sam Patrick, Harry Goodhew, Cisco Gooding, Silke Weinfurtner
Black holes can also possibly propell themselves out of their host galaxy if they emit gravity waves in one direction while merging.
I am not entirely sure the EM drive can do it or is the way to go. I speculated there might be some emission of gravitational radiation via asymmetric emission via asymmetric excitation of electrons in the cavity via the asymmetric shape and asymmetric fields inside. imagine the electrons being more jerked in one direction via frequency mixing but I'm not entirely convinced it would be the way to go. Seems to messy to me. There are also phase matching problems and people find it difficult to match the phase properly (to create the needed asymmetries requires phase locked frequency edit:
mixing of harmonics). There are mechanical ways to lock in your phase for the proper asymmetry to be locked in and maybe the emdrive does that but I don't really know for sure.
The mach effect is supposed to work assymetrically too, via asymmetric jerk and acceleration and I have something for mechanically locking in the phase for that, possibly eliminating vibration and center of mass deflection. Problem is proving they work, having the time/resources and if they are both connected means proving both work (em drive, mach effect other methods). I am interested but am wrapped up in my own problems.
p.s. One of the NIAC videos mentioned Podkletnov's gravity impulse generator. I heard some where he is now able to do it with out superconductors so it may be the charge separation, massive charge acceleration asymmetrically, and maybe his magnetic field that is key. Mach effect requires charge separation from what I heard and there is charge separation in the EM drive during capacitive Transverse Magnetic modes, so maybe there is something to that.