Author Topic: SpaceX Falcon 9 : CRS-16 (Dragon SpX-16) : December 5, 2018 - DISCUSSION  (Read 255677 times)

Offline mlindner

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How does a single engine counter roll?  This was a single-engine landing, not a three-engine landing, unless I'm mistaken.

Air drag will slow it down to some extent and also the moment the legs pop out the moment of inertia suddenly increases (like a skater sticking their arms out in a spin) causing an instant de-spin effect.
LEO is the ocean, not an island (let alone a continent). We create cruise liners to ride the oceans, not artificial islands in the middle of them. We need a physical place, which has physical resources, to make our future out there.

Offline Lars-J

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It's amazing watching the entire structure flex and bend from the torques being put on the grid finds and then the whole structure twist when it impacts the water but holds together! That's some incredible engineering!

I think most of the bending is actually the camera not being firmly enough attached to the stage. (due to G-forces)

Online ZachS09

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How does a single engine counter roll?  This was a single-engine landing, not a three-engine landing, unless I'm mistaken.

Single-engine landing burns allow for more control authority; therefore, it stabilized the booster before splashing down. Three-engine landing burns are not meant to keep the booster stable. They’re meant for hoverslam scenarios when there is a really low fuel margin and they have to slam on the brakes at the last second and shut down as soon as the legs reach the ground or drone ship.
Liftoff for St. Jude's! Go Dragon, Go Falcon, Godspeed Inspiration4!

Offline Jim

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Latest Elon tweet update-

"Pump is single string. Some landing systems are not redundant, as landing is considered ground safety critical, but not mission critical. Given this event, we will likely add a backup pump & lines."

Block 5.1

Offline oldAtlas_Eguy

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At the moment it looks like a low hydraulic pressure event sticking a grid fin in a bad position and cause the others to be insufficient control authority to counteract the bad fin. The current suspect is the pump. But it may be something else. Will have to wait for the full hardware and telemetry reviews for certainty of what failed and how.

Offline ugordan

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How does a single engine counter roll?  This was a single-engine landing, not a three-engine landing, unless I'm mistaken.

Single-engine landing burns allow for more control authority

A single M1d engine provides no roll control authority.

Offline edzieba

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Does Falcon still have independent gas-generator nozzle actuation for the centre Merlin, or was that dumped in the move to the octaweb?

Online ZachS09

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How does a single engine counter roll?  This was a single-engine landing, not a three-engine landing, unless I'm mistaken.

Single-engine landing burns allow for more control authority

A single M1d engine provides no roll control authority.

My mistake. Maybe I read the single-engine landing burn purpose the wrong way.
Liftoff for St. Jude's! Go Dragon, Go Falcon, Godspeed Inspiration4!

Offline CorvusCorax

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I wonder if the control software could be modified so that when a fin freezes the fin on the opposite side can be placed in a position to dampen the action of the first one and then let the two other grids fins do all the work?  There wouldn't be as much control but if it can avoid a roll then there may be enough to get the booster down.

That won't work. A hardover fin will not just cause a spin but also a pitching moment. If the opposite side fin tries to counter the spin, it will worsen the pitch. if it tries to counter the pitch, it will worsen the spin. Since pitching over while spinning makes things worse, (causing a tailspin like motion which probably stalls the gridfins and causes complete loss of control or breakup) it would have to counter the pitching moment, which worsens the spin, and then have the other two perpendicular fins try to counter that and spin the other direction.

Issue with that is, then you have 4 fins in hardover and no control authority whatsoever. Its better to "life" with a bit of spin and have some control authority at least in the second set of perpendicular fins, so you can control the trajectory

remarkably, that seems to be what the stage did, as it never really went off course (if it had, AFTS would have needed to intervene) aside from the preprogrammed contingency-landing location just off the coast, which SpaceX mentioned in the past.




Offline chawleysnow

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Did they just get lucky that the turbopump torque was opposite the grid fin torque?

Offline Lars-J

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Latest Elon tweet update-

"Pump is single string. Some landing systems are not redundant, as landing is considered ground safety critical, but not mission critical. Given this event, we will likely add a backup pump & lines."

Block 5.1

I see Jim is here to expose the great lie that there would never be any tweaks to block 5!  ;D

Offline ellindsey

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Does Falcon still have independent gas-generator nozzle actuation for the centre Merlin, or was that dumped in the move to the octaweb?
As far as I am aware, the actuated gas generator exhaust nozzle for roll control was only present on the vacuum Merlin engines, and was removed on the D version of those.

Offline ugordan

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Does Falcon still have independent gas-generator nozzle actuation for the centre Merlin, or was that dumped in the move to the octaweb?

Dumped, on the first stage it was only ever available on the Falcon 1.

Offline mlindner

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How does a single engine counter roll?  This was a single-engine landing, not a three-engine landing, unless I'm mistaken.

Air drag will slow it down to some extent and also the moment the legs pop out the moment of inertia suddenly increases (like a skater sticking their arms out in a spin) causing an instant de-spin effect.

Additionally, a spinning object will want to spin along it's maximum moment of inertia. The rocket spinning on its long axis will slowly gain rotation turning it into a "flat spin" however a flat spin has lots of air drag and can also be counteracted by the rocket propulsion. As the rocket constantly takes energy out of the flat spin the overall spin rate will reduce.
LEO is the ocean, not an island (let alone a continent). We create cruise liners to ride the oceans, not artificial islands in the middle of them. We need a physical place, which has physical resources, to make our future out there.

Offline oldAtlas_Eguy

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Latest Elon tweet update-

"Pump is single string. Some landing systems are not redundant, as landing is considered ground safety critical, but not mission critical. Given this event, we will likely add a backup pump & lines."

Block 5.1
Jim, I think the problem was that the weight issue on pre-BLK5 is the suspect. With BLK5 there is extra performance available such that the weight saving issues for the recovery only hardware can be rexamined. They already did that for the landing legs because there was an issue and BLK5 allowed for use of heavier legs.

Offline Jim

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Everyday Astronaut played a video of it a few minutes ago. Looked wild and then much calmer as landing burn started.
It looked like the leg deploy reduced the roll quite swiftly, much like an ice skater but aerodynamic drag may have slowed it more than the shifting weight.

As it slowed down, the stuck grid fins would have less authority (because there is not as much air flowing through them) and the RCS would have more authority. Makes sense that it looked more stable right as it neared a dead stop.

That makes sense, and the legs are inline with the fins. As soon as the legs start to deploy, what little airflow there is over the fins will be turbulent. I couldn't see it in the video, but likely to be RCS that killed the roll.
Transfer of momentum. When the legs deploy they transfer momentum slowing the roll. When that occurred the control system had enough authority to finish the roll dampening just before surface contact. It might have even survived a land landing.

It was the leg deployment that did most of the work.  And the same change in rotational inertial would have made it harder for the control system.

Offline AncientU

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I wonder if the control software could be modified so that when a fin freezes the fin on the opposite side can be placed in a position to dampen the action of the first one and then let the two other grids fins do all the work?  There wouldn't be as much control but if it can avoid a roll then there may be enough to get the booster down.

That won't work. A hardover fin will not just cause a spin but also a pitching moment. If the opposite side fin tries to counter the spin, it will worsen the pitch. if it tries to counter the pitch, it will worsen the spin. Since pitching over while spinning makes things worse, (causing a tailspin like motion which probably stalls the gridfins and causes complete loss of control or breakup) it would have to counter the pitching moment, which worsens the spin, and then have the other two perpendicular fins try to counter that and spin the other direction.

Issue with that is, then you have 4 fins in hardover and no control authority whatsoever. Its better to "life" with a bit of spin and have some control authority at least in the second set of perpendicular fins, so you can control the trajectory

remarkably, that seems to be what the stage did, as it never really went off course (if it had, AFTS would have needed to intervene) aside from the preprogrammed contingency-landing location just off the coast, which SpaceX mentioned in the past.

Spin stabilized?
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Offline dnavas

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The only impact from NASA HSF Safety is that multiple flights with the new hardware fly demonstrating no interaction of the changes with any launch systems before DM-2.

Right, that's my concern.  Do you delay DM-1 in order to not have to do that, or do you run with this change later, or do you forego making the change at all, or do you build two separate F9s, or....?

I'm also wondering since this is a landing-only system, to what extent the testing hurdle will be lower.


Offline Johnnyhinbos

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Meanwhile, over at Blue Origin...


"Vin, you got that? Double up the pump, and add in redundant lines while you're at it"


John Hanzl. Author, action / adventure www.johnhanzl.com

Offline mlindner

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It's amazing watching the entire structure flex and bend from the torques being put on the grid finds and then the whole structure twist when it impacts the water but holds together! That's some incredible engineering!

I think most of the bending is actually the camera not being firmly enough attached to the stage. (due to G-forces)

No, the camera doesn't move with respect to the rocket body, only the fins twist.
LEO is the ocean, not an island (let alone a continent). We create cruise liners to ride the oceans, not artificial islands in the middle of them. We need a physical place, which has physical resources, to make our future out there.

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