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#2100 by Eusa on 11 Oct, 2017 08:47
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I think the spherical ends of his frustum has common curvature center point outside...I went ahead with fabricating an adjustable small end for the spherical end-plate frustum. I'm hoping this will allow me to better align the two end-plates, thereby increasing Q. Looking forward to running the VNA while adjusting all the knobs...
GREAT job ! Given the speed at which you proceed I wonder if you found a way to clone yourself
Getting back on topic; is the larger end plate curved too (and if so, does the curve point inside or outside the frustum) ? -
#2101 by Eusa on 11 Oct, 2017 08:52
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Hang on. Doesn't thermal dynamics require universal entropy to increase if a system becomes more ordered? That energy density looks ordered to me. How can that happen in an isolated system?
It's true you cannot increase or decrease entropy inside an isolated system if structure components preserved. -
#2102 by sanman on 11 Oct, 2017 09:26
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Natural Metaphysics for Dummies
(for entertainment purposes only)
But also, on a more serious level - those Vacuum Fluctuations are real - they're not some mere accounting error - they're as real as anything in our universe. Not only can they be interacted with, but interaction with them is the whole reason our universe even exists. They are responsible for all the quantum phenomena that characterize our universe.
Each individual Vacuum Fluctuation may seem tiny and insignificant - they're measured on the Planck scale after all - but together they add up to a lot. The frustrum resonant cavity doesn't interact with all the Vacuum Fluctuations spanning across the entire universe - the frustrum and its applied field are interacting only with just the fluctuations occurring inside the space of the cavity. But together, all those Vacuum Fluctuations inside the cavity are something to push off of.
So far we've been used to just pushing off of other matter. You push off the ground when you jump, you push off the water when you swim - and rocket is pushing off its own onboard mass expelled by it to move forward. But now pushing off all those tiny Vacuum Fluctuations is the name of the game.
The tiny subatomic particles - electrons, protons, neutrons, etc - are all small enough to manifestly interact with those Vacuum Fluctuations. They do it all the time, and that's what makes these particles behave the way they do - even photons. Interaction with the Vacuum Fluctuations is even what makes Tunneling possible.
But now the trick is to make macroscopic objects, like the frustrum, interact with a whole bunch of Vacuum Fluctuations and effectively push off them. The field produced inside the resonant cavity is the mediator or intermediary by which the frustrum can push off the Vacuum Fluctuations.
While the optimal geometry is still under investigation, is there a consensus on what the optimal material composition of the resonant cavity should be? People are working in copper as the material of convenience, but I've read that if a resonant cavity could be constructed from superconducting materials, it would have an idealized Q far higher than that of copper, which would maximize internal reflection while minimizing losses.
I was also imagining that the larger the resonant cavity, then the more Vacuum Fluctuations in the interior could be pushed off of. Likewise, the bigger the fields inside the resonant cavity, then the bigger the push would be. An hypothetical interstellar spaceship using EMdrive propulsion would then benefit from having a huge frustrum/bell with intense fields inside, to push it through the cosmos. That huge frustrum/bell would have to be engineered to wavelength-precision.
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#2103 by Eusa on 11 Oct, 2017 11:12
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As far as we know nowadays, vacuum fluctuations are only math. Physical meaning can be for example signal phase parity, how interactions can match in respect to distance between particles...Natural Metaphysics for Dummies
(for entertainment purposes only)
But also, on a more serious level - those Vacuum Fluctuations are real - they're not some mere accounting error - they're as real as anything in our universe. Not only can they be interacted with, but interaction with them is the whole reason our universe even exists. They are responsible for all the quantum phenomena that characterize our universe.
Each individual Vacuum Fluctuation may seem tiny and insignificant - they're measured on the Planck scale after all - but together they add up to a lot. The frustrum resonant cavity doesn't interact with all the Vacuum Fluctuations spanning across the entire universe - the frustrum and its applied field are interacting only with just the fluctuations occurring inside the space of the cavity. But together, all those Vacuum Fluctuations inside the cavity are something to push off of. -
#2104 by sanman on 11 Oct, 2017 12:35
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As far as we know nowadays, vacuum fluctuations are only math. Physical meaning can be for example signal phase parity, how interactions can match in respect to distance between particles...
Vacuum fluctuations are the reason for Heisenberg's Uncertainty and DeBroglie Wavelength (incidentally, DeBroglie is the originator of Pilot Wave Theory)
Vacuum fluctuations are responsible for electronic orbitals (ie. chemistry), and nucleonic orbitals (ie. nuclear reactions). They're the reason for the smeared out probability clouds - think Brownian Motion.
The signal phase parity can be interpreted as emergence/anihilation of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs. That also applies to high-energy gamma-gamma photon interactions, which can also create virtual pairs.
I think Occam's Razor should be a guiding principle on how meaning is interpreted.
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#2105 by Rodal on 11 Oct, 2017 14:53
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Hang on. Doesn't thermal dynamics require universal entropy to increase if a system becomes more ordered? That energy density looks ordered to me. How can that happen in an isolated system?
Maybe the system isn't really isolated, and is interacting with the transient fluctuations of the Dynamic Vacuum?...
As far as we know nowadays, vacuum fluctuations are only math. Physical meaning can be for example signal phase parity, how interactions can match in respect to distance between particles...
Let's clarify for the audience looking at these conversations and also looking at these numerical solutions that the computer simulation showing the energy density just solves Maxwell's equations for that electromagnetically resonant cavity. There is no "dynamic vacuum" in the simulation or any interaction with it.
Concerning thermodynamics, the energy density must be concentrated towards one end in order to satisfy Maxwell's equations for this geometry, boundary conditions and for this eigenmode. The Maxwell equations being solved automatically satisfy conservation of momentum. There is no quantum vacuum in the simulation, no general relativity, no quantum mechanics, etc. Also, there is no heat transfer analysis being solved. There is not even a transient solution, it is just an eigensolution. All there is (in this numerical solution is) a solution to Maxwell's equations for the imposed geometry and boundary conditions. The solution shows the standing wave solution to Maxwell's equations (it solves the eigenvalue problem) for that particular eigenmode and associated eigenfrequency. That's all the computer simulation is solving, and that's all being shown. -
#2106 by Augmentor on 11 Oct, 2017 15:14
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As far as we know nowadays, vacuum fluctuations are only math. Physical meaning can be for example signal phase parity, how interactions can match in respect to distance between particles...
Vacuum fluctuations are the reason for Heisenberg's Uncertainty and DeBroglie Wavelength (incidentally, DeBroglie is the originator of Pilot Wave Theory)
Vacuum fluctuations are responsible for electronic orbitals (ie. chemistry), and nucleonic orbitals (ie. nuclear reactions). They're the reason for the smeared out probability clouds - think Brownian Motion.
The signal phase parity can be interpreted as emergence/anihilation of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs. That also applies to high-energy gamma-gamma photon interactions, which can also create virtual pairs.
I think Occam's Razor should be a guiding principle on how meaning is interpreted.
de Broglie-Bohm theory aka pilot wave theory, Bohmian theory.
Here is a 163 pp. paper on the topic.
"The de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave interpretation of quantum theory"
https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0506243
Before one goes spouting off about Occam's razor as a de facto rule of physics, one should understand what exactly one is cutting and others limits that cannot be ignored in favor of this playground rule.
http://filrabat.blogspot.com/2011/12/limits-of-occams-razor.html
http://scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/05/14/why-the-simplest-theory-is-alm/
https://www.timeshighereducation.com/books/the-clinical-limits-of-occams-razor/201610.article
http://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/zoubin/papers/occam.pdf
David M -
#2107 by Bob012345 on 11 Oct, 2017 17:59
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Hang on. Doesn't thermal dynamics require universal entropy to increase if a system becomes more ordered? That energy density looks ordered to me. How can that happen in an isolated system?
Maybe the system isn't really isolated, and is interacting with the transient fluctuations of the Dynamic Vacuum?...
As far as we know nowadays, vacuum fluctuations are only math. Physical meaning can be for example signal phase parity, how interactions can match in respect to distance between particles...
Let's clarify for the audience looking at these conversations and also looking at these numerical solutions that the computer simulation showing the energy density just solves Maxwell's equations for that electromagnetically resonant cavity. There is no "dynamic vacuum" in the simulation or any interaction with it.
Concerning thermodynamics, the energy density must be concentrated towards one end in order to satisfy Maxwell's equations for this geometry, boundary conditions and for this eigenmode. The Maxwell equations being solved automatically satisfy conservation of momentum. There is no quantum vacuum in the simulation, no general relativity, no quantum mechanics, etc. Also, there is no heat transfer analysis being solved. There is not even a transient solution, it is just an eigensolution. All there is (in this numerical solution is) a solution to Maxwell's equations for the imposed geometry and boundary conditions. The solution shows the standing wave solution to Maxwell's equations (it solves the eigenvalue problem) for that particular eigenmode and associated eigenfrequency. That's all the computer simulation is solving, and that's all being shown.
What is the significance of the standing wave as it relates to the EMDrive and it's possible thrust? Also, how would variations in the energy density relate to Mach effects if done in this structure? Thanks. -
#2108 by Bob012345 on 11 Oct, 2017 18:28
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As far as we know nowadays, vacuum fluctuations are only math. Physical meaning can be for example signal phase parity, how interactions can match in respect to distance between particles...
Vacuum fluctuations are the reason for Heisenberg's Uncertainty and DeBroglie Wavelength (incidentally, DeBroglie is the originator of Pilot Wave Theory)
Vacuum fluctuations are responsible for electronic orbitals (ie. chemistry), and nucleonic orbitals (ie. nuclear reactions). They're the reason for the smeared out probability clouds - think Brownian Motion.
The signal phase parity can be interpreted as emergence/anihilation of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs. That also applies to high-energy gamma-gamma photon interactions, which can also create virtual pairs.
I think Occam's Razor should be a guiding principle on how meaning is interpreted.
I don't think HUP or electronic orbitals are about vacuum fluctuations. There is a theory that says they are called SED or Stochastic Electrodynamics but it's not the dominant view. -
#2109 by WarpTech on 11 Oct, 2017 18:34
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As far as we know nowadays, vacuum fluctuations are only math. Physical meaning can be for example signal phase parity, how interactions can match in respect to distance between particles...
Vacuum fluctuations are the reason for Heisenberg's Uncertainty and DeBroglie Wavelength (incidentally, DeBroglie is the originator of Pilot Wave Theory)
Vacuum fluctuations are responsible for electronic orbitals (ie. chemistry), and nucleonic orbitals (ie. nuclear reactions). They're the reason for the smeared out probability clouds - think Brownian Motion.
The signal phase parity can be interpreted as emergence/anihilation of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs. That also applies to high-energy gamma-gamma photon interactions, which can also create virtual pairs.
I think Occam's Razor should be a guiding principle on how meaning is interpreted.
I don't think HUP or electronic orbitals are about vacuum fluctuations. There is a theory that says they are called SED or Stochastic Electrodynamics but it's not the dominant view.
SED doesn't say anything different from QED in this regard. It's only how the results are derived and the interpretations that are different. The results agree with say, Milonni, The Quantum Vacuum, Chapter 4, for instance.
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#2110 by Bob012345 on 11 Oct, 2017 18:48
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As far as we know nowadays, vacuum fluctuations are only math. Physical meaning can be for example signal phase parity, how interactions can match in respect to distance between particles...
Vacuum fluctuations are the reason for Heisenberg's Uncertainty and DeBroglie Wavelength (incidentally, DeBroglie is the originator of Pilot Wave Theory)
Vacuum fluctuations are responsible for electronic orbitals (ie. chemistry), and nucleonic orbitals (ie. nuclear reactions). They're the reason for the smeared out probability clouds - think Brownian Motion.
The signal phase parity can be interpreted as emergence/anihilation of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs. That also applies to high-energy gamma-gamma photon interactions, which can also create virtual pairs.
I think Occam's Razor should be a guiding principle on how meaning is interpreted.
I don't think HUP or electronic orbitals are about vacuum fluctuations. There is a theory that says they are called SED or Stochastic Electrodynamics but it's not the dominant view.
SED doesn't say anything different from QED in this regard. It's only how the results are derived and the interpretations that are different. The results agree with say, Milonni, The Quantum Vacuum, Chapter 4, for instance.
I don't think you need the quantum vacuum to explain basic quantum mechanical phenomenon such as electronic states in atoms and the HUP. They come in later with subtle effects like the Lamb shift. SED proposes the vacuum is fundamental to everything. That's radically different. -
#2111 by WarpTech on 11 Oct, 2017 19:06
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As far as we know nowadays, vacuum fluctuations are only math. Physical meaning can be for example signal phase parity, how interactions can match in respect to distance between particles...
Vacuum fluctuations are the reason for Heisenberg's Uncertainty and DeBroglie Wavelength (incidentally, DeBroglie is the originator of Pilot Wave Theory)
Vacuum fluctuations are responsible for electronic orbitals (ie. chemistry), and nucleonic orbitals (ie. nuclear reactions). They're the reason for the smeared out probability clouds - think Brownian Motion.
The signal phase parity can be interpreted as emergence/anihilation of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs. That also applies to high-energy gamma-gamma photon interactions, which can also create virtual pairs.
I think Occam's Razor should be a guiding principle on how meaning is interpreted.
I don't think HUP or electronic orbitals are about vacuum fluctuations. There is a theory that says they are called SED or Stochastic Electrodynamics but it's not the dominant view.
SED doesn't say anything different from QED in this regard. It's only how the results are derived and the interpretations that are different. The results agree with say, Milonni, The Quantum Vacuum, Chapter 4, for instance.
I don't think you need the quantum vacuum to explain basic quantum mechanical phenomenon such as electronic states in atoms and the HUP. They come in later with subtle effects like the Lamb shift. SED proposes the vacuum is fundamental to everything. That's radically different.
Obviously you haven't read Milonni's book. The section on "The Necessity of the Vacuum Field" is in Chapter 2. Atoms would be unstable and electrons would spiral into the nucleus if it were not for the vacuum field. That is what it says in QED. You are not up to date on your quantum mechanics. -
#2112 by Bob012345 on 11 Oct, 2017 19:21
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As far as we know nowadays, vacuum fluctuations are only math. Physical meaning can be for example signal phase parity, how interactions can match in respect to distance between particles...
Vacuum fluctuations are the reason for Heisenberg's Uncertainty and DeBroglie Wavelength (incidentally, DeBroglie is the originator of Pilot Wave Theory)
Vacuum fluctuations are responsible for electronic orbitals (ie. chemistry), and nucleonic orbitals (ie. nuclear reactions). They're the reason for the smeared out probability clouds - think Brownian Motion.
The signal phase parity can be interpreted as emergence/anihilation of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs. That also applies to high-energy gamma-gamma photon interactions, which can also create virtual pairs.
I think Occam's Razor should be a guiding principle on how meaning is interpreted.
I don't think HUP or electronic orbitals are about vacuum fluctuations. There is a theory that says they are called SED or Stochastic Electrodynamics but it's not the dominant view.
SED doesn't say anything different from QED in this regard. It's only how the results are derived and the interpretations that are different. The results agree with say, Milonni, The Quantum Vacuum, Chapter 4, for instance.
I don't think you need the quantum vacuum to explain basic quantum mechanical phenomenon such as electronic states in atoms and the HUP. They come in later with subtle effects like the Lamb shift. SED proposes the vacuum is fundamental to everything. That's radically different.
Obviously you haven't read Milonni's book. The section on "The Necessity of the Vacuum Field" is in Chapter 2. Atoms would be unstable and electrons would spiral into the nucleus if it were not for the vacuum field. That is what it says in QED. You are not up to date on your quantum mechanics.
Thanks but I prefer to say that I don't agree with your statement and a more fair statement is that I have looked at it and I don't buy that interpretation. But I'm not claiming to be the worlds expert on the subject. It's been a few years since grad school. I think that interpretation is funny because it directly suggests vacuum energy 'props up' all atoms continuously while the author and those who are of that view generally are adamant that vacuum energy cannot be exploited for energy. I agree because I'm skeptical of vacuum energy and am less enthusiastic of EMDrive theories that resort to it.
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#2113 by WarpTech on 11 Oct, 2017 21:13
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Thanks but I prefer to say that I don't agree with your statement and a more fair statement is that I have looked at it and I don't buy that interpretation. But I'm not claiming to be the worlds expert on the subject. It's been a few years since grad school. I think that interpretation is funny because it directly suggests vacuum energy 'props up' all atoms continuously while the author and those who are of that view generally are adamant that vacuum energy cannot be exploited for energy. I agree because I'm skeptical of vacuum energy and am less enthusiastic of EMDrive theories that resort to it.
See attached. This is virtually identical to the SED results by Puthoff.
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#2114 by LowerAtmosphere on 11 Oct, 2017 22:05
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Hang on. Doesn't thermal dynamics require universal entropy to increase if a system becomes more ordered? That energy density looks ordered to me. How can that happen in an isolated system?
Maybe the system isn't really isolated, and is interacting with the transient fluctuations of the Dynamic Vacuum?...
As far as we know nowadays, vacuum fluctuations are only math. Physical meaning can be for example signal phase parity, how interactions can match in respect to distance between particles...
Let's clarify for the audience looking at these conversations and also looking at these numerical solutions that the computer simulation showing the energy density just solves Maxwell's equations for that electromagnetically resonant cavity. There is no "dynamic vacuum" in the simulation or any interaction with it.
Concerning thermodynamics, the energy density must be concentrated towards one end in order to satisfy Maxwell's equations for this geometry, boundary conditions and for this eigenmode. The Maxwell equations being solved automatically satisfy conservation of momentum. There is no quantum vacuum in the simulation, no general relativity, no quantum mechanics, etc. Also, there is no heat transfer analysis being solved. There is not even a transient solution, it is just an eigensolution. All there is (in this numerical solution is) a solution to Maxwell's equations for the imposed geometry and boundary conditions. The solution shows the standing wave solution to Maxwell's equations (it solves the eigenvalue problem) for that particular eigenmode and associated eigenfrequency. That's all the computer simulation is solving, and that's all being shown.
What is the significance of the standing wave as it relates to the EMDrive and it's possible thrust? Also, how would variations in the energy density relate to Mach effects if done in this structure? Thanks.
I doubt any provable photonic propulsion is significant enough for the reported thrust above perfectly collimated rocket results. -
#2115 by sghill on 11 Oct, 2017 22:11
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Thank you Kenjee for indulging a few of us on your latest simulation runs. Your work is wonderful.
My analogy here may not work, and those with better knowledge may politely wave me away without making me feel bad. But having played trumpet for over 20 years, I know a little about tuning and instrument design. When you make an instrument, you want resonance, but you don't want harmonics. When we look at simulations with multi modes, I say to myself: "That would sound horrible (like a Japanese car horn), you'd have multiple notes robbing each other of the purity and power of one note (like a brass instrument)." To continue the analogy, I don't think it is a stretch to say that multiple points of high energy density are robbing energy from a potential clear single "note". And because other points of discussion are making a connection between the energy density and quality within the resonant chamber with thrust potential, I believe I can say that a single clear note targeted properly in the chamber by the geometry of the chamber will result in a more powerful effect than many points of high energy density.
If these two images were a musical instrument, they would be nearly in tune, exhibiting just a bit of "splatter". The quality could be higher by changing the geometry a little more to achieve a nice single note by eliminating the remaining harmonics. I also notice the energy density is going way up compared to the multi mode simulations.
So my question for Kenjee is can you further play with the geometry to clean up the note and eliminate the remaining harmonics?
My question for others is should he (My analogy may be crap), and if so, where in the chamber should the high energy density be focused for Kenjee to tune the shape? I believe it should be near the top.
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#2116 by spupeng7 on 12 Oct, 2017 01:23
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I went ahead with fabricating an adjustable small end for the spherical end-plate frustum. I'm hoping this will allow me to better align the two end-plates, thereby increasing Q. Looking forward to running the VNA while adjusting all the knobs...
Monomorph,
please be careful not to open a leak by playing with it while the frustum contains a nasty dose of RF energy.
We need you to be here to continue your good works... -
#2117 by sanman on 12 Oct, 2017 02:29
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Thank you Kenjee for indulging a few of us on your latest simulation runs. Your work is wonderful.
My analogy here may not work, and those with better knowledge may politely wave me away without making me feel bad. But having played trumpet for over 20 years, I know a little about tuning and instrument design. When you make an instrument, you want resonance, but you don't want harmonics. When we look at simulations with multi modes, I say to myself: "That would sound horrible (like a Japanese car horn), you'd have multiple notes robbing each other of the purity and power of one note (like a brass instrument)." To continue the analogy, I don't think it is a stretch to say that multiple points of high energy density are robbing energy from a potential clear single "note". And because other points of discussion are making a connection between the energy density and quality within the resonant chamber with thrust potential, I believe I can say that a single clear note targeted properly in the chamber by the geometry of the chamber will result in a more powerful effect than many points of high energy density.
If these two images were a musical instrument, they would be nearly in tune, exhibiting just a bit of "splatter". The quality could be higher by changing the geometry a little more to achieve a nice single note by eliminating the remaining harmonics. I also notice the energy density is going way up compared to the multi mode simulations.
So my question for Kenjee is can you further play with the geometry to clean up the note and eliminate the remaining harmonics?
My question for others is should he (My analogy may be crap), and if so, where in the chamber should the high energy density be focused? I believe it should be near the top.
Thanks for this - reminds me of some thoughts I expressed a few pages back.
So there's the idea that the best situation to strive for, is where you have a single large intense color blob (ie. single large intense mode or concentration of electric field) rather than the multiple color blobs (ie. multiple modes or field concentrations).
I'm very curious - why does everyone want it to be near the top of the frustrum (near the small end)? Why is everyone LittleEndian here? Is it because the small end is naturally "calmer" (ie. the photons don't make as far down in that direction, hence the cutoff)?
I was always BigEndian before, thinking that some kind of force is being generated to push on the big end. But maybe LittleEndian makes more sense, for generating a negative potential that pulls the little end, along the lines of Alcubierre's drive
Note that Alcubierre's drive concept has the field potential dip in front and the bump in back (along with that toroid made of the magical crucial "negative matter") - but that's because the field is being generated outside, around the spacecraft.
With EMdrive generating a field inside the frustrum instead of outside, then this inverse geometry requires that the dip be in the back and the bump in the front.
Pulling the back (small end of frustrum) seems to be more important than pushing the front. Is it because of Pilot Wave Theory saying that the movement of matter is guided by the energy density ahead of it? Is that energy density always all about pulling? Is generating a pull the main need to focus on here? Is it because it's easier to pull on the "calm" end of the frustrum (near where the cutoff is) as compared to pushing on the big end, where there's going to be more reflection and "turbulence/incoherence"?
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#2118 by dustinthewind on 12 Oct, 2017 04:56
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Quote from: TheTraveller
...the eddy current heating energy is sourced or taken from the photon's energy, which causes them to decrease their energy and increase their wavelength, until finally almost all their energy is thermalised and they have very long wavelengths.
...the trapped photons existing post the pulse will continually increase their wavelength as they lose energy to eddy currents, the coupler and conversion into work to accelerate mass. All of which continually drain photon energy and increase the wavelength.
I've seen this incorrect description show up a number of times on this forum. Both of these statements are false: that's just not how photons in quantum mechanics work. Eddy heating does not change the frequency of the microwave. Instead, it reduces the stored energy by reducing the number of microwave photons. This is true for all photon wavelengths. For example, a blue laser, when reflected thousands of times between mirrors does not change into a red laser; instead it just becomes a less strong blue laser (fewer photons). Microwave guides and cavity resonators work the same. The frequency does NOT change, but the field strengths decline (i.e. fewer photons), as the signal loses strength.
Photon frequency can change during reflections, such as when energy is added to or removed from the photon due to either the Doppler effect (such as in laser thermal broadening) or interaction with other quantum states in the reflective medium (look up Raman scattering), but those scenarios are not applicable to eddy current heating due to microwaves. Microwave frequency does NOT get lower along a microwave guide or in a resonator. The signal just loses strength.
Gargoyle,
How are the number of photons reduced in a resonant cavity once the Rf input stops? What absorbes the photon and then does not emit it? Much be a really massive inelastic collision?
What causes the eddy currents if not the photon's time varying H field, which generates current flow in the cavity walls & end plates, and from that induced current flown an opposing H field to limit photon H field penetration, ie skin depth?
Where does the energy dissipated by the eddy currents come from if not from the photon's energy?
Is not radiation pressure generated by the Raman effect from orbital electrons impacted by photons that are 1st absorbed and then emitted by the electron with less energy, momentum and longer wavelength than inbound?
BTW photons are never reflected. They carry no charge and as such external E and H fields have no effect on their direction. They are absorbed and maybe emitted. If the collision is elastic, the outbound photon has the same energy as the inbound photon. If the collision is inelastic then the outbound photon will have a lower or higher energy vs the inbound photon.
TT, gargoyle is right on all counts. I usually don't jump in on posts where people are way off the mark on things (because I barely have the time to figure out my own problems) but here's a pretty good article about this. Make sure you're properly separating the properties of individual photons from the properties of electromagnetic waves.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-mirrors-reflect-ph/
I went from "Raman Scattering" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_scattering to "surface enhanced raman scattering plasmon"The Raman signal is then further magnified by the surface due to the same mechanism that excited the incident light, resulting in a greater increase in the total output. At each stage the electric field is enhanced as E2, for a total enhancement of E4.[14]
The enhancement is not equal for all frequencies. For those frequencies for which the Raman signal is only slightly shifted from the incident light, both the incident laser light and the Raman signal can be near resonance with the plasmon frequency, leading to the E4 enhancement.
...
The choice of surface metal is also dictated by the plasmon resonance frequency.
After searching for "microwave copper plasmon resonance" I found "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lpor.201400131/full "Broadband amplification of spoof surface plasmon polaritons at microwave frequencies" but was behind a paywall.
would later find Plasmonic band-pass filter device using coupled asymmetric cross-shaped cavity
Read More: "Plasmonic band-pass filter device using coupled asymmetric cross-shaped cavity"
http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217984917500014 behind a paywall also but states,Quoteby using finite-different-time-domain (FDTD) method and we find that the peak-wavelength on different ports show redshift or blueshift behaviors which are linearly changed with the length of cavity or the coupling distance.
Some more searching resulted in this find https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=14024034950189126853&hl=en&as_sdt=0,26
Manipulation of light in MIM plasmonic waveguide systemsQuote from: Manipulation of light in MIM plasmonic waveguide systems LU Hua† , WANG GuoXi†Here, we introduce the slow-light effect in a MIM plasmonic waveguide with quasi-period stub structures, as
I remember reading there is some non-linear process in this and I noted the enhancement of the electric field as E^4. That it allows shifting in the frequency of light and the slowing of light. There is some focus on cavities and some of those cavities appearing to be asymmetrical. I also wondered if this could be related to some of the arcing noted on the copper plating inside after a few runs via roughed up copper plating and surface enhanced plasmons.
shown in Figure 6(a). The geometrical parameters can be seen in [96]. Figure 6(b) shows the evolution of propagation constant at different grating depths. The results reveal that the cutoff frequency has a red-shift with the increase of the grating depth. Figure 6(c) depicts the group index c/vg as a function of the incident frequency at a given grating depth. It is found that the group velocity vg (≡∂ω/∂β) can be slowed down significantly when the incident frequency approaches the cutoff frequency. The quasi-period-stub structure is introduced to enlarge the slow light frequency range. Due to the small graded grating depth, the dispersion relations are supposed to change gradually along the waveguide with the ascending grating depth. Thus, the group velocity of incident light with different frequencies can be greatly reduced at different locations.
...
Generally, some approaches are used to generate slow light, such as EIT effects [97,98], special photonic structures[92], and stimulated Brillouin scattering [99].
Here is another paper of similar research using TM modes at microwave frequencies but using a meta material with grooves. Microwave Surface-Plasmon-Like Modes on Thin Metamaterials
I am reminded a bit of the Chinese EM drive cavity they found with slots/gratings in it and wonder if there could be a connection. -
#2119 by Monomorphic on 12 Oct, 2017 12:09
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please be careful not to open a leak by playing with it while the frustum contains a nasty dose of RF energy.
At 25W max, I would need to hold the antenna up against my eyeball to do any harm. However, any manual tuning is performed with only a few mW during VNA, not at full power. If you look closely at the newest image, you will notice a 0.5cm foam layer between the endplate and the sidewalls. This is covered in copper foil to make a circular compressible RF gasket. You can see where it fits in the image of the end-plate before the copper foil is applied. This makes a very good seal.
The most dangerous objects in the build are the high discharge lipo batteries. If they are shorted out or otherwise fail, they can burst into a huge ball of fire that can completely destroy the experiment and burn my house down. I never leave the room when batteries are charging and I always store them in a metal box on the cement floor after use.
