Author Topic: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.  (Read 5393 times)

Offline baldusi

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Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« on: 07/07/2016 04:09 pm »
 I'm writing a Wikipedia article on the RD-864/869 and the Dnepr. From what I understand the R-36M in general has 3 versions:
1. R-36M (GRAU 15A14) and called RS-20A by the Russians.
2. R-36M UTTKh (GRAU 15A18) and also called RS-20B.
3. R-36M2 (GRAU 15A18M)  and also called RS-20V.

From this book:
"Двигатели 1944-2000: Аавиационные, Ракетные, Морские, Промышленные" [Aviadvigatel 19442-2000: Aviation, rocketry, naval and industry] (PDF) (in Russian). pp. 265–266. Retrieved 2015-07-25.
I've got this on the RD-864:
Quote
Четырехкамерный двухрежимный однократного включения двигатель 15Д177 предназначен для создания двух режимов тяги и управления полетом ступени разведения ракеты 15А18 (Р-36М/SS-18) по всем каналам стабилизации.
Управление осуществляется качанием каждой камеры двигателя в одной плоскости на угол ±55°.
Двигатель с турбонасосной системой подачи самовоспламеняющихся компонентов топлива, выполнен по схеме без дожигания генераторного газа.
Рабочее тело турбины ТНА – газ, вырабатываемый в газогенераторе при сгорании компонентов топлива.
Одна из конструктивных особенностей двигателя - при транспортировке и полете ракеты камеры двигателя расположены внутри отсека ступени разведения. После отделения ступени разведения от ракеты специальные механизмы выводят камеры двигателя за наружный контур отсека. Положение камер закрепляют фиксаторы.
Двигатель разработан в 1976-1978 гг.
Компоненты топлива – тетраоксид азота (окислитель) и НДМГ (горючее)
Google Translation:
Quote
Quad dual-mode single-ignition engine 15D177 for the creation of two modes thrust and flight control rockets 15A18 upper stage (P-36M / SS-18) with stabilization.
Is controlled by gimbaling each chamber in one plane up to ± 55 °.
It uses a pump fed  hypergolic propellant under the gas generator cycle.
Turbopump turbine working fluid - gas produced in the gasifier during combustion of the fuel components.
One of the design features of the engine - the transport and flight engine chamber missiles located inside the breeding stage compartment. After separating from the rocket stage breeding special arrangements output of the engine chamber for the outer contour of the cover. The camera position is fixed retainers.
The engine was developed in 1976-1978.
Fuel components - nitrogen tetroxide (oxidizer) and UDMH (fuel)

And for the RD-869:
Quote
Четырехкамерный двухрежимный однократного включения двигатель
15Д300 предназначен для создания двух режимов тяги и управления полетом ступени разведения ракеты 15А18М (Р-36М2/SS-18) по всем каналам стабилизации качанием каждой камеры двигателя в одной плоскости на угол ±55°.
Разработан на базе двигателя 15Д177 (РД-864) ракеты 15А18 (Р-36М). Двигатель с турбонасосной системой подачи самовоспламеняющихся компонентов топлива, выполнен по схеме без дожигания генераторного газа.
Одна из конструктивных особенностей двигателя – при транспортировке и полете ракеты камеры двигателя расположены внутри отсека ступени разведения. После отделения ступени разведения от ракеты специальные механизмы выводят камеры двигателя за наружный контур отсека. Положение камер закрепляют фиксаторы.
Двигатель разработан в 1983-85 гг.
Компоненты топлива – тетраоксид азота (окислитель) и НДМГ (горючее)
Google Translation:
Quote
Quad dual-mode single-turn motor
15D300 is designed to create two thrust and flight control rockets breeding stage 15A18M (R-36M2 / SS-18) on all channels stabilize the oscillation of each chamber of the engine in the same plane at an angle of ± 55 °.
Developed on the basis of engine 15D177 (RD-864) 15A18 missile (R-36M). The engine turbopump feed system with hypergolic propellants, made under the scheme without post-combustion gas generator.
One of the design features of the engine - the transport and flight engine chamber missiles located inside the breeding stage compartment. After separating from the rocket stage breeding special arrangements output of the engine chamber for the outer contour of the cover. The camera position is fixed retainers.
The engine was developed in 1983-85.
Fuel components - nitrogen tetroxide (oxidizer) and UDMH (fuel)

I've seen that Gunter and Norbert Brügge and Ed Kyle quoting the Dnepr as using the RD-869. While Nicolas Pillet states that it uses the RD-864. From the text I would assume that the Dnepr uses, in fact, the RD-864 (15D177), since the book clearly states it as the 15A18, which I assume it's the  R-36M UTTKh/RS20B.
But since a lot of people that I respect quoted the RD-869, I would love if someone could shred some definitive answer on this.

Offline russianhalo117

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #1 on: 07/07/2016 05:14 pm »
I'm writing a Wikipedia article on the RD-864/869 and the Dnepr. From what I understand the R-36M in general has 3 versions:
1. R-36M (GRAU 15A14) and called RS-20A by the Russians.
2. R-36M UTTKh (GRAU 15A18) and also called RS-20B.
3. R-36M2 (GRAU 15A18M)  and also called RS-20V.

From this book:
"Двигатели 1944-2000: Аавиационные, Ракетные, Морские, Промышленные" [Aviadvigatel 19442-2000: Aviation, rocketry, naval and industry] (PDF) (in Russian). pp. 265–266. Retrieved 2015-07-25.
I've got this on the RD-864:
Quote
Четырехкамерный двухрежимный однократного включения двигатель 15Д177 предназначен для создания двух режимов тяги и управления полетом ступени разведения ракеты 15А18 (Р-36М/SS-18) по всем каналам стабилизации.
Управление осуществляется качанием каждой камеры двигателя в одной плоскости на угол ±55°.
Двигатель с турбонасосной системой подачи самовоспламеняющихся компонентов топлива, выполнен по схеме без дожигания генераторного газа.
Рабочее тело турбины ТНА – газ, вырабатываемый в газогенераторе при сгорании компонентов топлива.
Одна из конструктивных особенностей двигателя - при транспортировке и полете ракеты камеры двигателя расположены внутри отсека ступени разведения. После отделения ступени разведения от ракеты специальные механизмы выводят камеры двигателя за наружный контур отсека. Положение камер закрепляют фиксаторы.
Двигатель разработан в 1976-1978 гг.
Компоненты топлива – тетраоксид азота (окислитель) и НДМГ (горючее)
Google Translation:
Quote
Quad dual-mode single-ignition engine 15D177 for the creation of two modes thrust and flight control rockets 15A18 upper stage (P-36M / SS-18) with stabilization.
Is controlled by gimbaling each chamber in one plane up to ± 55 °.
It uses a pump fed  hypergolic propellant under the gas generator cycle.
Turbopump turbine working fluid - gas produced in the gasifier during combustion of the fuel components.
One of the design features of the engine - the transport and flight engine chamber missiles located inside the breeding stage compartment. After separating from the rocket stage breeding special arrangements output of the engine chamber for the outer contour of the cover. The camera position is fixed retainers.
The engine was developed in 1976-1978.
Fuel components - nitrogen tetroxide (oxidizer) and UDMH (fuel)

And for the RD-869:
Quote
Четырехкамерный двухрежимный однократного включения двигатель
15Д300 предназначен для создания двух режимов тяги и управления полетом ступени разведения ракеты 15А18М (Р-36М2/SS-18) по всем каналам стабилизации качанием каждой камеры двигателя в одной плоскости на угол ±55°.
Разработан на базе двигателя 15Д177 (РД-864) ракеты 15А18 (Р-36М). Двигатель с турбонасосной системой подачи самовоспламеняющихся компонентов топлива, выполнен по схеме без дожигания генераторного газа.
Одна из конструктивных особенностей двигателя – при транспортировке и полете ракеты камеры двигателя расположены внутри отсека ступени разведения. После отделения ступени разведения от ракеты специальные механизмы выводят камеры двигателя за наружный контур отсека. Положение камер закрепляют фиксаторы.
Двигатель разработан в 1983-85 гг.
Компоненты топлива – тетраоксид азота (окислитель) и НДМГ (горючее)
Google Translation:
Quote
Quad dual-mode single-turn motor
15D300 is designed to create two thrust and flight control rockets breeding stage 15A18M (R-36M2 / SS-18) on all channels stabilize the oscillation of each chamber of the engine in the same plane at an angle of ± 55 °.
Developed on the basis of engine 15D177 (RD-864) 15A18 missile (R-36M). The engine turbopump feed system with hypergolic propellants, made under the scheme without post-combustion gas generator.
One of the design features of the engine - the transport and flight engine chamber missiles located inside the breeding stage compartment. After separating from the rocket stage breeding special arrangements output of the engine chamber for the outer contour of the cover. The camera position is fixed retainers.
The engine was developed in 1983-85.
Fuel components - nitrogen tetroxide (oxidizer) and UDMH (fuel)

I've seen that Gunter and Norbert Brügge and Ed Kyle quoting the Dnepr as using the RD-869. While Nicolas Pillet states that it uses the RD-864. From the text I would assume that the Dnepr uses, in fact, the RD-864 (15D177), since the book clearly states it as the 15A18, which I assume it's the  R-36M UTTKh/RS20B.
But since a lot of people that I respect quoted the RD-869, I would love if someone could shred some definitive answer on this.
From one of the LRE's manufacturers this document might be of help. The Ukrainian side of Dnepr programme no longer lists engines used on the joint project with Russia except DU-802 which never flew. Only Ukrainian LRE's for Ukrainian project are now listed.
« Last Edit: 07/07/2016 05:33 pm by russianhalo117 »

Offline baldusi

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #2 on: 07/07/2016 05:26 pm »
From the LRE's manufacturer This document will be of help.
It is not designed nor manufactured by NPO Energomash. It's designed by Yuzhnoye and manufactured by Yushmash. I've checked all Dnepr guides, and sites I usually consult. But to no avail.

Offline Nicolas PILLET

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #3 on: 07/07/2016 05:29 pm »
I send you a scan from this book, which is an official history of KB Yuzhnoe :

http://www.kosmonavtika.com/bibliographie/livres/couvertures/kbyou60.jpg

It says very clearly that RD-864 is for 15A18, and that RD-869 is for 15A18M.
« Last Edit: 07/07/2016 05:30 pm by Nicolas PILLET »
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Offline Nicolas PILLET

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #4 on: 07/07/2016 05:37 pm »
And I note that curren Wikipedia article about Dnepr is wrong... :D

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnepr_%28rocket%29
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Offline russianhalo117

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #5 on: 07/07/2016 05:49 pm »
From the LRE's manufacturer This document will be of help.
It is not designed nor manufactured by NPO Energomash. It's designed by Yuzhnoye and manufactured by Yushmash. I've checked all Dnepr guides, and sites I usually consult. But to no avail.
Yuzhnoye and Yushmash no longer list such details for Dnepr anymore primarily because of geopolitical reasons.

Offline baldusi

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #6 on: 07/07/2016 05:50 pm »
I send you a scan from this book, which is an official history of KB Yuzhnoe :

http://www.kosmonavtika.com/bibliographie/livres/couvertures/kbyou60.jpg

It says very clearly that RD-864 is for 15A18, and that RD-869 is for 15A18M.
Merci beacoup Nicolas! It is consistent with the book I quoted. So I would consider that the correct engine for Dnepr is the RD-864. I just hope the rest of the people are convinced and we can stay on the same page here.
Regrettably I don't read Ukrainian nor Russian, and I can't put the JPG through google translator. But it bundles the section of RD-864/9 with the RD-866. Which if I understand from context was the vernier engine for the solid RT-23 UTTKh (15Ж60 and 15Ж61) From the thrust levels it would seem a different engine. But they have sort of bundled it in the same family. Are they related?

Offline Nicolas PILLET

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #7 on: 07/07/2016 06:03 pm »
I can't put the JPG through google translator.

I've put the first page in an OCR website.

Quote
Двигатель РД864 ступени разведения МБР 15А18 и его модификация, двигатель РД869
ступени разведения МБР 15А18М предназначены для создания тяги и управления полетом сту-
пени по всем каналам стабилизации.

Двигатели - четырехкамерные, двухрежимные, однократного включения, с турбонасос-
ной системой подачи самовоспламеняющихся компонентов топлива. Двигатели выполнены по
схеме без дожигания генераторного газа. Управление полетом ступени осуществляется кача-
нием каждой камеры двигателя в одной плоскости.

Рабочее тело турбины ТНА - газ, вырабатываемый в газогенераторе при сгорании основ-
ных компонентов топлива. Раскрутка ротора ТНА при запуске осуществляется пиростартером,
работающим на основную турбину. В двигателе предусмотрен отбор горючего на питание ру-
левых машин, качающих камеры двигателя.

Мембранные клапаны на входах в насосы окислителя и горючего и пироклапан подачи
газа высокого давления на пневмофиксаторы срабатывают от пироприводов.

При запуске двигатель выходит на основной режим тяги (ОР). Переключение двигателя с
основного режима на дросселированный (ДР) и обратно осуществляется по команде системы
управления. Постоянство режима работы двигателя на ОР и ДР обеспечивает система поддер-
жания давления.

Двигатель прекращает работу с режима ДР по выработке одного из компонентов топлива.

Одна из конструктивных особенностей двигателя заключается в том, что при транспор-
тировке и полете ракеты камеры двигателя находятся внутри силового отсека и удерживаются
пирофиксаторами, а после отделения ступени специальные механизмы выводят камеры в ра-
бочее положение и жестко закрепляются пневмофиксаторами.

Двигатель РД869 разработан на базе двигателя РД864 с высоким уровнем унификации.
Хотя двигателю РД869 был предъявлен ряд повышенных требований по обеспечению высоких
энергомассовых характеристик, увеличению времени работы и количества переключений с
режима на режим, это не привело к изменению основных схемно-конструктивных решений.

При выборе основных параметров, схемных и конструктивных решений по работе ка-
меры на двух режимах с дросселированием тяги … в 2,5 раза был использован опыт создания
камер двигателей РД858 и РД859 лунного корабля, отличающихся высоким совершенством
конструкции и параметров:
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Offline Nicolas PILLET

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #8 on: 07/07/2016 06:06 pm »
But it bundles the section of RD-864/9 with the RD-866. Which if I understand from context was the vernier engine for the solid RT-23 UTTKh (15Ж60 and 15Ж61) From the thrust levels it would seem a different engine. But they have sort of bundled it in the same family. Are they related?

The text says that combustion chamber of RD-866 is a modification from combustion chamber of RD-864.
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Offline Phillip Clark

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #9 on: 07/07/2016 08:21 pm »
Remember that an RD designator does not necxessarily mean that the engines are from Energomash.   The RD-400 series were Khimautomatiki engines and RD-800 series the Yuzhnoye engones.

Engines seemed to be given an "RD equavalent" designator in literature.
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Offline Zero-G

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #10 on: 07/07/2016 09:00 pm »
According to a table on page 712 of the book "History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines" by George P. Sutton, RD-864 is used for the PBCS (post boost control system) of the RS-20B, and RD-869 is used for the PBCS of the RS-20V. Both engines have a gas generator.
The RD-866 is different as it has a pressurized feed system. It is used for the PBCS of the RS-22.
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Offline baldusi

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #11 on: 07/07/2016 09:08 pm »
But it bundles the section of RD-864/9 with the RD-866. Which if I understand from context was the vernier engine for the solid RT-23 UTTKh (15Ж60 and 15Ж61) From the thrust levels it would seem a different engine. But they have sort of bundled it in the same family. Are they related?

The text says that combustion chamber of RD-866 is a modification from combustion chamber of RD-864.
Good, and the text you scanned says that it was a 2.5 scaled of the RD-858 and 859 steering engines of the Block-e of the N-1. If I'm not mistaken. Also that they used the pumps tu supply fuel as hydraulic fuel, it was pyro started (I don't know if fluid pyro), had metallic membranes  to keep pressure before the pump inlets.
Also that it starts in main mode (OR) and then can switch between OR and low mode (DR). It shuts down by going to DR mode and shutting off the fuel valve.

Or at least is what I understand of the google translation.

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #12 on: 07/08/2016 12:57 am »
IMHO Dnepr User's Guide should be a single source of truth :)
« Last Edit: 07/08/2016 12:57 am by fregate »
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Offline Danderman

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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #13 on: 07/08/2016 02:23 am »
The simplest explanation would be that RD-864 was the initial variant used for the original SS-18, and RD-869 was introduced later as an upgrade.  It appears that both engines are derivatives of the LK engine housed in the Block-E, ie this was originally to have been used to land people on the Moon, but was later converted to an ICBM post boost stage engine.


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Re: Dnepr thrid stage propulsion.
« Reply #14 on: 07/25/2016 03:02 am »
The simplest explanation would be that RD-864 was the initial variant used for the original SS-18, and RD-869 was introduced later as an upgrade.  It appears that both engines are derivatives of the LK engine housed in the Block-E, ie this was originally to have been used to land people on the Moon, but was later converted to an ICBM post boost stage engine.


There were 8 variants of SS-18 missile but "Dnepr" orbital LV had been dereived from the most recent version of missile.   
"Selene, the Moon. Selenginsk, an old town in Siberia: moon-rocket  town" Vladimir Nabokov

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