LAUNCH ALERT Brian Webb
[email protected] www.spacearchive.info 2018 June 30 (Saturday) 15:52 PDT
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VANDENBERG AFB LAUNCH SCHEDULE
Launch
Time/Window
Date (PST/PDT) Vehicle Pad/Silo
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JUL 20 05:12 Falcon 9 SLC-4E
Vehicle will launch Iridium NEXT satellites 56-65. The first stage's
bright flame could make the early portion of this launch visible for
more than 120 miles. Liftoff occurs 54 minutes before Vandenberg AFB
sunrise and may create an interesting visual display if the rocket's
exhaust is illuminated at high altitude by the sun
NET SEP TBD Falcon 9 SLC-4E
Vehicle will launch several SSO-A satellites
NET SEP TBD Falcon 9 SLC-4E
Vehicle will launch Argentina's SAOCOM-1A satellite
SEP 12 05:46-08:20 Delta II SLC-2W
Vehicle will launch the ICESat-2 spacecraft
SEP 26 TBD Delta IV Heavy SLC-6
Vehicle will launch the NROL-71 payload for the U.S. National
Reconnaissance Office
OCT-NOV TBD Falcon 9 SLC-4E
Vehicle will launch Iridium NEXT satellites 66-75
NOV TBD Falcon 9 SLC-4E
Vehicle will launch three RADARSAT earth imaging satellites satellites
for Canada
The above schedule is a composite of unclassified information
approved for public release from government, industry, and other
sources. It represents the Editor's best effort to produce a schedule
but may disagree with other sources. Details on military launches are
withheld until they are approved for public release. For official
information regarding Vandenberg AFB activities, go to
http://www.vandenberg.af.mil.
All launch dates and times are given in Pacific Time using a 24-hour
format similar to military time (midnight = 00:00, 1:00 p.m. = 13:00,
11:00 p.m. = 23:00, etc.).
The dates and times in this schedule may not agree with those on other
online launch schedules, including the official Vandenberg AFB
schedule because different sources were used, the information was
interpreted differently, and the schedules were updated at different
times.
NET: No earlier than
TBD: To be determined
PDT: Pacific Daylight Time
PST: Pacific Standard Time
SLC: Space Launch Complex
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A NEW TELESCOPE EXPANDS BIG BEAR SOLAR OBSERVATORY'S VIEW OF THE SUN New Jersey Institute of Technology
NEWARK, N.J., June 28, 2018 - A solar telescope that captures images
of the entire disk of the Sun, monitoring eruptions taking place
simultaneously in different magnetic fields in both the photosphere
and chromsphere, is now being installed beside the Goode Solar
Telescope (GST) at NJIT’s California-based Big Bear Solar Observatory
(BBSO).
The telescope, SOLIS (Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the
Sun), collects images from three separate instruments over years and
even decades, rather than minutes or hours, giving scientists a
comprehensive view of solar activity such as flares and coronal mass
injections over the long-term. It will complement the GST, which
gathers high-resolution images of individual explosions at such detail
that researchers are beginning to unveil the mechanical operations
that trigger them.
“With this important addition, BBSO becomes a comprehensive observing
site that offers not only high-resolution solar observations, but also
global data of our star,” notes Wenda Cao, an NJIT professor of
physics and BBSO’s director. “By monitoring variations in the Sun on a
continuing basis for several decades, we will better understand the
solar activity cycle, sudden energy releases in the solar atmosphere,
fluxes in solar irradiance, or brightness, and their relationship to
global change on Earth.”
Earlier this month, BBSO received a $2.3 million grant from the
National Science Foundation (NSF) that will fund continuing scientific
study of the Sun using the 1.6-meter GST at Big Bear, which is
currently the highest resolution solar telescope in the world.
“GST will continue to play a crucial, leading role in advancing solar
studies until the end of this decade and beyond. We will obtain,
analyze and interpret the highest resolution solar data ever taken,
while developing and applying analytical tools to attack a number of
critical, leading-edge problems in solar research,” says Cao, the
grant’s principal investigator. “This NSF grant is extremely
important; it allows us to maintain telescope operations, the current
talented engineering team and advanced research at BBSO and on the
NJIT campus. Along with other grants, it will provide the vital
backbone funding to enable all of the science, instrumentation and
education associated with the facility.”
“The addition of SOLIS at the Big Bear Solar Observatory greatly
benefits the broader space weather community,” adds Andrew Gerrard,
the director of NJIT’s Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research, which
operates BBSO, the Owens Valley Solar Array near Big Pine, Calif., the
NASA Van Allen Probes RBSPICE instrument, and geospace instruments
around the world. “The data from this cluster of instruments will
support both space weather forecasts and fundamental solar physics,
which provide important components of the 2015 National Space Weather
Action Plan.”
SOLIS, which was developed by the National Solar Observatory (NSO), an
academic research consortium with backing from the NSF, is moving to
Big Bear from its current site in Tucson, Ariz., because the
organization is relocating from its facilities in New Mexico and
Arizona to new locations in Hawaii and Colorado. Big Bear was deemed
an ideal location for SOLIS, because the lake suppresses ground-level
atmospheric turbulence caused by heating thermals, offering
exceptional “seeing” for long periods per day on its more than 286
sunny days per year.
SOLIS is a suite of three innovative instruments that greatly improve
ground-based synoptic solar observations. The 50-cm vector
spectromagnetograph is a compact, high-throughput vector-polarimeter
with an active secondary mirror, an actively controlled grating
spectrograph and two high-speed cameras with
silicon-on-CMOS-multiplexer hybrid focal plane arrays. It will measure
the magnetic field strength and direction over the full solar disk
within 15 minutes. The 14-cm full-disk patrol takes full-disk images
of the Sun in various colors at a high cadence through liquid-crystal
tuned birefringent filters. The 8-mm integrated sunlight spectrometer
uses a fiber-fed spectrograph to measure minute changes of the
spectrum of the Sun as if it were a distant star. A high degree of
automation and remote control provides fast user access to data and
flexible interaction with the data-collection process.
“SOLIS continues a 45-year record of data on the behavior of the Sun’s
magnetic field that originally began at Kitt Peak, Arizona. It is also
the longest consistent provider of data on the direction of the
magnetic field in the photosphere, stretching back to 2003. SOLIS now
uniquely provides observations of the strength and direction of the
magnetic field in the chromosphere, an important layer of the solar
atmosphere where the magnetic field abruptly changes direction from
primarily vertical to mostly horizontal,” says Frank Hill, associate
director of the NSO.
He added, “This data improves our models of the behavior of the solar
corona, particularly when flares occur. The data is also an important
input to models of the magnetic field direction inside a coronal mass
ejection (CME) when it strikes Earth’s magnetosphere; this is a
critical indicator of the strength of the subsequent geomagnetic storm
that can adversely affect our technology.”
The variability of the Sun, particularly its cycle of activity, is
increasingly important for life on Earth as society becomes ever more
dependent on technology in daily life.
Telecommunications, GPS navigation, satellites, space flights with
astronauts aboard, airline passengers and the power grid are all
vulnerable to damage and disruption caused by solar activity. The Sun
is also a driver of Earth’s climate, so its variability needs to be
observed. Some aspects of the Sun’s changes are predictable, such as
the 11-year sunspot cycle, but the details are not well modeled.
Last year, Haimin Wang, distinguished professor of physics at NJIT,
and his colleagues released some of the first detailed views from the
GST of the mechanisms that may trigger solar flares, colossal releases
of magnetic energy in the Sun’s corona that dispatch energized
particles capable of penetrating Earth’s atmosphere within an hour and
disrupting orbiting satellites and electronic communications on the
ground.
Earlier this year, a team of physicists led by NJIT’s Gregory
Fleishman discovered a phenomenon that may begin to untangle what they
call “one of the greatest challenges for solar modeling” — determining
the physical mechanisms that heat the corona, or upper atmosphere, to
1 million degrees Fahrenheit and higher.
Invisible to the human eye except when it appears briefly as a fiery
halo of plasma during a solar eclipse, the corona remains a puzzle
even to scientists who study it closely. Beginning 1,300 miles from
the star’s surface and extending millions more in every direction, it
is more than a hundred times hotter than lower layers much closer to
the fusion reactor at the Sun’s core.
Wang said recent technical advances at Big Bear will permit
groundbreaking new measurements of the Sun’s magnetism.
“We have developed a way to process GST measurements of the Sun’s
magnetic fields using sophisticated software that gives us spectrum
profiles of the light emitted by atoms transitioning from one energy
state to another. When inverted, these profiles allow us to obtain the
strength and direction of magnetic fields,” notes Wang, adding, “Both
the BBSO and SOLIS observe the solar chromosphere through the spectrum
lines formed by excited hydrogen atoms, which allows us to monitor
solar activities such as filaments, sunspots, bright regions of the
Sun and flares. But the two instruments capture images of solar
structures in different wavelengths.”
Big Bear is open to scientists around the world, while a third of its
observation time is reserved for NJIT researchers and students. Data
from SOLIS will be posted on the Internet for all to view. Cao said he
expects the telescope to obtain first light this summer.
About New Jersey Institute of Technology:
One of only 32 polytechnic universities in the United States, New
Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) prepares undergraduate and
graduate students and professionals to become leaders in the
technology-dependent economy of the 21st century. NJIT’s
multidisciplinary curriculum and computing-intensive approach to
education provide technological proficiency, business acumen and
leadership skills. NJIT has a $1.74 billion annual economic impact on
the State of New Jersey, conducts approximately $140 million in
research activity each year, and is a global leader in such fields as
solar research, nanotechnology, resilient design, tissue engineering
and cybersecurity, in addition to others. NJIT is ranked #1 nationally
by Forbes for the upward economic mobility of its lowest-income
students and is among the top 2 percent of public colleges and
universities in return on educational investment, according to
PayScale.com.
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