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#920 by TheTraveller on 30 Dec, 2015 12:21
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TT, I did notice all that.. but my Question is WHY ? why do you use a coupling window?
The adjusting screws allow the VSWR seen by the Rf gen to be adjusted as low as possible.
The slot also effects VSWR and acts to decouple the 2 sections of the wave guide.
Later designs put the slot into the side wall, so the cavity is highly decoupled from the wave guide feed. See attachment.
To start with, I suppose it isn't for aesthetic reasons ...
euh... VSWR... I'm not an engineer, but might that be "Voltage Standing Wave Ratio" ?QuoteThe parameter VSWR is a measure that numerically describes how well the antenna is impedance matched to the radio or transmission line it is connected to.
added:
nevermind on the VSWR. Found a good explanation : https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/glossary/definitions.mvp/term/VSWR/gpk/815
Try this:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveguide_filter
While I am doing some maggie research, my focus is as at the start. To replicate Roger's Flight Thruster using a Rf amp and variable freq tracking coupled via a 1/2 loop antenna.
So playing with waveguide is not my focus. I understand what Roger and Yang did with their slot filters / chokes was done to pre tune the waveguide to the mode & freq. Mounting the slot / choke into the frustum side wall should reduce the phase distortion that a fully opened waveguife would causem
I may be incorrect there so one of our knowledgeable microwave engineers please step up and answer the question.
Phil -
#921 by MathewOrman on 30 Dec, 2015 12:56
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The physics of the EM drive is well defined but unfortunately it is not what the inventor claims.
Also the inventor's video demo on Youtube shows EM drive rotating in the opposite direction than what his theory claim.
The EmDrives moves / generates Force toward the small end, as it does in the video.
25 seconds into the video shows a drawing with force pushing the large end... -
#922 by oyzw on 30 Dec, 2015 13:20
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Thank you very much for your advice.I began to study EMdrive from 2013，with some help from Miss Yang. She have to develop the high temperature of YBCO superconducting cavity used in experiments, but unfortunately they can't get further recognition of the academic committee, lack of project funding. She has already retired, the project has ground to a halt in 2014. She was confirmed the results of the experiment, but cannot explain the conflict with existing physical theory.I continue to study, to gain the support of friends.Hello, I am a Chinese Emfans。I am preparing for the experiment，I'm going to do a little EMdrive-boat using 400w microwave solid state source。
Welcome to the DIY EmDrive build club.
If I may ask what are your interior dimensions & build material?
400W is a large Rf amp. For my build I'm using a 100W unit. Do you have a link for your amp?
There may be a better coupler to excite TE013 mode than you are showing. It mounts on the middle of the big end plate. If interested I have several papers on this coupler. See attached.
One comment is your rtn loss peak looks to be low. You may need to look at improving your rtn loss peak to improve VSWR and reduce reflected Rf from your frustum.
Good luck
Phil
At that time, I don't have a further study of the antenna structure, your antenna is very good, but it is difficult to make.I will try to do it. I used the spinning processing method to do a pure copper (thickness1.25 mm) cavity .
To compensate for the low radiation efficiency, I ordered high-power microwave power amplifier,phase lock loop signal source.Due to the expensive cyclone floating platform, I'm going to apply directly to the boat loaded EMDRIVE, measuring its movement. If you need a cavity, I can sell a lot to you.
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#923 by oyzw on 30 Dec, 2015 13:25
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The physics of the EM drive is well defined but unfortunately it is not what the inventor claims.
Also the inventor's video demo on Youtube shows EM drive rotating in the opposite direction than what his theory claim.
The EmDrives moves / generates Force toward the small end, as it does in the video.
25 seconds into the video shows a drawing with force pushing the large end...
Hello Could you send this video to my E-mail [email protected] ? Because Youtube is blocked in China .Thank you very much！！！！
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#924 by Rodal on 30 Dec, 2015 13:27
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Thank you very much for your advice.I began to study EMdrive from 2013，with some help from Miss Yang. She have to develop the high temperature of YBCO superconducting cavity used in experiments, but unfortunately they can't get further recognition of the academic committee, lack of project funding. She has already retired, the project has ground to a halt in 2014. She was confirmed the results of the experiment, but cannot explain the conflict with existing physical theory.I continue to study, to gain the support of friends.Hello, I am a Chinese Emfans。I am preparing for the experiment，I'm going to do a little EMdrive-boat using 400w microwave solid state source。
Welcome to the DIY EmDrive build club.
If I may ask what are your interior dimensions & build material?
400W is a large Rf amp. For my build I'm using a 100W unit. Do you have a link for your amp?
There may be a better coupler to excite TE013 mode than you are showing. It mounts on the middle of the big end plate. If interested I have several papers on this coupler. See attached.
One comment is your rtn loss peak looks to be low. You may need to look at improving your rtn loss peak to improve VSWR and reduce reflected Rf from your frustum.
Good luck
Phil
At that time, I don't have a further study of the antenna structure, your antenna is very good, but it is difficult to make.I will try to do it. I used the spinning processing method to do a pure copper (thickness1.25 mm) cavity .
To compensate for the low radiation efficiency, I ordered high-power microwave power amplifier,phase lock loop signal source.Due to the expensive cyclone floating platform, I'm going to apply directly to the boat loaded EMDRIVE, measuring its movement. If you need a cavity, I can sell a lot to you.
Thank your for confirming this most important information:
* Yang has retired
* Yang can NOT get recognition of the academic committee
* Yang has NO further project funding
* Yang's project grounded to a halt in 2014
* Yang cannot explain the conflict between her "theory" with existing physical theoryQuote from: John AdamsFacts are stubborn things; and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passion, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence.
TheTraveller claims frequent communications with Shawyer, having posted over 1400 posts in these threads alone, he refers to Shawyer as "Roger", and Shawyer claims cooperation and communications with Yang, but TheTraveller has never made these facts about Yang's project known to the community.
Actually there has been a lot of what, apparently has to be misinformation, floating around, as if Yang was still receiving funding, as if Yang's project was still active and as if Yang's work was well accepted in China, instead of Yang NOT receiving recognition of the academicians in China, and her project being halted in 2014. Numerous attempts by members of this thread to communicate with Yang had resulted in silent, lack of response.
The last Yang report available, dates from the last year that her project was still alive: 2014, and as it was discussed in these threads, it dealt with experiments showing the high degree of heating of the EM Drive in Yang's experiments: thermal effects.
Neither Roger Shawyer nor Prof. Yang ever reported (to the public) a single test conducted in vacuum.
Shawyer's project with Boeing in the USA was reported to have suffered a similar fate: as Boeing terminated the project years ago and has stated that it has ended all communications with Shawyer. -
#925 by TheTraveller on 30 Dec, 2015 13:42
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The physics of the EM drive is well defined but unfortunately it is not what the inventor claims.
Also the inventor's video demo on Youtube shows EM drive rotating in the opposite direction than what his theory claim.
The EmDrives moves / generates Force toward the small end, as it does in the video.
25 seconds into the video shows a drawing with force pushing the large end...
Hello Could you send this video to my E-mail [email protected] ? Because Youtube is blocked in China .Thank you very much！！！！
There are variations on the EmDrive with and without an internal dielectric. The attached should help you understand the experimentally obtained movement direction.
You can download the Demonstrator EmDrive videos directly from www.emdrive.com
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#926 by rfmwguy on 30 Dec, 2015 13:52
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Yes, this is valuable info for the body of knowledge. Miss Yang could not get further funding and there is no apparent conspiracy that it went dark into the military. She retired without university sponsorship. This is too bad.
Thank you very much for your advice.I began to study EMdrive from 2013，with some help from Miss Yang. She have to develop the high temperature of YBCO superconducting cavity used in experiments, but unfortunately they can't get further recognition of the academic committee, lack of project funding. She has already retired, the project has ground to a halt in 2014. She was confirmed the results of the experiment, but cannot explain the conflict with existing physical theory.I continue to study, to gain the support of friends.Hello, I am a Chinese Emfans。I am preparing for the experiment，I'm going to do a little EMdrive-boat using 400w microwave solid state source。
Welcome to the DIY EmDrive build club.
If I may ask what are your interior dimensions & build material?
400W is a large Rf amp. For my build I'm using a 100W unit. Do you have a link for your amp?
There may be a better coupler to excite TE013 mode than you are showing. It mounts on the middle of the big end plate. If interested I have several papers on this coupler. See attached.
One comment is your rtn loss peak looks to be low. You may need to look at improving your rtn loss peak to improve VSWR and reduce reflected Rf from your frustum.
Good luck
Phil
At that time, I don't have a further study of the antenna structure, your antenna is very good, but it is difficult to make.I will try to do it. I used the spinning processing method to do a pure copper (thickness1.25 mm) cavity .
To compensate for the low radiation efficiency, I ordered high-power microwave power amplifier,phase lock loop signal source.Due to the expensive cyclone floating platform, I'm going to apply directly to the boat loaded EMDRIVE, measuring its movement. If you need a cavity, I can sell a lot to you.
Thank your for confirming the following:
* Yang has retired
* Yang can NOT get recognition of the academic committee
* Yang has NO further project funding
* Yang's project grounded to a halt in 2014
* Yang cannot explain the conflict between her "theory" with existing physical theory
TheTraveller claims frequent communications with Shawyer, who he refers to often as "Roger", but has never made these facts known to the community.
Actually there has been a lot of misinformation floating around as if Yang was still receiving funding, as if Yang's project was still active and as if Yang''s work was well accepted in China, instead of Yang NOT receiving recognition of the academic committee or the academicians in China.
Neither Roger Shawyer nor Prof. Yang ever reported a single test conducted in vacuum.
That being said, I am glad we have someone here who is picking up where Miss Yang left off. We can help them with sound advice for building/testing based on what we have learned and what we theorize might be happening (or not).
We now have solid, direct DIY links to Canada, China, Korea, Australia, the USA and perhaps others here on NSF. It is a multi-national DIY effort focused here.
From my perspective (and experience) there is almost nowhere else a private experimenter can go for "real-time" DIY sharing in a civil and helpful environment with people who have real credentials/experience in this unusual realm.Welcome one and all to THE place for EMDrive Developments Related to Spaceflight Applications -
#927 by oyzw on 30 Dec, 2015 13:55
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Oh! My god ！I've seen for a long timeThe physics of the EM drive is well defined but unfortunately it is not what the inventor claims.
Also the inventor's video demo on Youtube shows EM drive rotating in the opposite direction than what his theory claim.
The EmDrives moves / generates Force toward the small end, as it does in the video.
25 seconds into the video shows a drawing with force pushing the large end...
Hello Could you send this video to my E-mail [email protected] ? Because Youtube is blocked in China .Thank you very much！！！！
There are variations on the EmDrive with and without an internal dielectric. The attached should help you understand the experimentally obtained movement direction.
You can download the Demonstrator EmDrive videos directly from www.emdrive.com
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#928 by TheTraveller on 30 Dec, 2015 14:16
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Thank you very much for your advice.I began to study EMdrive from 2013，with some help from Miss Yang. She have to develop the high temperature of YBCO superconducting cavity used in experiments, but unfortunately they can't get further recognition of the academic committee, lack of project funding. She has already retired, the project has ground to a halt in 2014. She was confirmed the results of the experiment, but cannot explain the conflict with existing physical theory.I continue to study, to gain the support of friends.Hello, I am a Chinese Emfans。I am preparing for the experiment，I'm going to do a little EMdrive-boat using 400w microwave solid state source。
Welcome to the DIY EmDrive build club.
If I may ask what are your interior dimensions & build material?
400W is a large Rf amp. For my build I'm using a 100W unit. Do you have a link for your amp?
There may be a better coupler to excite TE013 mode than you are showing. It mounts on the middle of the big end plate. If interested I have several papers on this coupler. See attached.
One comment is your rtn loss peak looks to be low. You may need to look at improving your rtn loss peak to improve VSWR and reduce reflected Rf from your frustum.
Good luck
Phil
At that time, I don't have a further study of the antenna structure, your antenna is very good, but it is difficult to make.I will try to do it. I used the spinning processing method to do a pure copper (thickness1.25 mm) cavity .
To compensate for the low radiation efficiency, I ordered high-power microwave power amplifier,phase lock loop signal source.Due to the expensive cyclone floating platform, I'm going to apply directly to the boat loaded EMDRIVE, measuring its movement. If you need a cavity, I can sell a lot to you.
Sorry to learn Prof Yang has retired. Trust she can now continue her work with less hindrance. I enjoyed reading her papers and believed she was doing good work. If you have any of her unpublished papers and research notes that you can share please do so as I have another group that has archive capability. I would be very pleased to create an archive of Prof Yang's work.
The group is:
https://groups.google.com/forum/m/#!forum/emdriveresearch
You are most welcome to join.
Please understand there are several members who do not accept she ever measured any thrust & all she measured were thermal effects & measurement error.
I have developed a method of quickly fabricating frustums at low cost. Once I have my workshop space back will begin my R&D program.
Have developed a way to adjust freq based on active monitoring of VSWR and seeking freq that obtains it. That way best resonance is always obtained, even as the frustum warms up.
My 100W Rf amp has Forward and Reflected outputs, so easy to calc VSWR.
My test rig will be a rotary table with a magnetic thrust bearing. So very little thermal effects to cloud horizontal rotary movement.
Thanks for the frustum dimensions. Using my EmDrive Design spreadsheet (developed with the help of Roger Shawyer), will do a resonant mode map for you. Roger advises the best mode to use is TE013, which is what I base my designs on.
Have attached a few drawings to get you up to speed with my pathway. Much more to be found in my EmDriveResearch group. Will PM you my direct email.
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#929 by rfmwguy on 30 Dec, 2015 14:18
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Here is how the EM drive works:
It is not a good idea to declare how it works with a 100% certainty, especially without papers/working experiments. It simply confuses the casual readership.
(yeah, i snipped out that video - mod)
It produces a thrust if attached to stationary base but if left floating in space will have no thrust...
Sorry, but had to remove the original post. -
#930 by Chrochne on 30 Dec, 2015 14:42
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TheTraveller claims frequent communications with Shawyer.....
Yes the truth must be said Dr. Rodal I agree on that. However, I do hope there will be people who will continue the testing and I hope even NASA will continue, at least for a time. EmDrive case needs offical testing if it has to be official recognized or disapproved. I do not want any of your work (of all folks) here go to waste.. -
#931 by Rodal on 30 Dec, 2015 14:50
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TheTraveller claims frequent communications with Shawyer.....
My expectation is that, 1) NASA and DoD already knew (*) that Yang's project had been halted in 2014 and that Yang had retired, and that she could not gain the confidence of academicians in China, as for example NASA and DoD already know the full story behind Boeing's termination of the contract with Shawyer, and 2) NASA will proceed objectively and methodically as planned with further testing at NASA Glenn to independently verify the EM Drive program started at NASA Johnson ("Eagleworks").
Yes the truth must be said Dr. Rodal I agree on that. However, I do hope there will be people who will continue the testing and I hope even NASA will continue, at least for a time. EmDrive case needs offical testing if it has to be official recognized or disapproved. I do not want any of your work (of all folks) here go to waste..
________
(*) Also Dr. White at NASA carefully distanced himself and his project from the unaccepted theories of Yang and Shawyer, who he never embraced, as they are obviously incompatible with well-known physics. -
#932 by TheTraveller on 30 Dec, 2015 14:53
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TheTraveller claims frequent communications with Shawyer, having posted over 1400 posts in these threads alone, he refers to Shawyer as "Roger", and Shawyer claims cooperation and communications with Yang, but TheTraveller has never made these facts about Yang's project known to the community.
Until today I never knew this news.
It is not correct for you to suggest that I did know this info as if I was withholding information, which I was not.
Your comment was not based on fact, just what you seem to wish to desire to have occurred.
I don't wish to start a flame war, so I will not be reporting this incident to the moderator. -
#933 by Rodal on 30 Dec, 2015 15:00
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TheTraveller claims frequent communications with Shawyer, having posted over 1400 posts in these threads alone, he refers to Shawyer as "Roger", and Shawyer claims cooperation and communications with Yang, but TheTraveller has never made these facts about Yang's project known to the community.
Until today I never knew this news.
It is not correct for you to suggest that I did know this info as if I was withholding information, which I was not.
Your comment was not based on fact, just what you seem to wish to desire to have occurred.
I don't wish to start a flame war, so I will not be reporting this incident to the moderator.
Read carefully my statement which is factual:
* TheTraveller claims frequent communications with Shawyer, (Fact undenied by you)
* having posted over 1400 posts in these threads alone, he refers to Shawyer as "Roger" (Fact)
* Shawyer claims cooperation and communications with Yang (Fact)
* TheTraveller has never made these facts about Yang's project known to the community (Fact, now confirmed by you)
As to why these facts had not been made public by you, how was I supposed to know? there is no implication of anything in what I wrote. It is just a statement of the fact that you have countless posts discussing Yang and what you described as her cooperation with Shawyer, as well as you claiming communications with Shawyer.
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#934 by graybeardsyseng on 30 Dec, 2015 15:04
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Thank you very much for your advice.I began to study EMdrive from 2013，with some help from Miss Yang. She have to develop the high temperature of YBCO superconducting cavity used in experiments, but unfortunately they can't get further recognition of the academic committee, lack of project funding. She has already retired, the project has ground to a halt in 2014. She was confirmed the results of the experiment, but cannot explain the conflict with existing physical theory.I continue to study, to gain the support of friends.Hello, I am a Chinese Emfans。I am preparing for the experiment，I'm going to do a little EMdrive-boat using 400w microwave solid state source。
Welcome to the DIY EmDrive build club.
If I may ask what are your interior dimensions & build material?
400W is a large Rf amp. For my build I'm using a 100W unit. Do you have a link for your amp?
There may be a better coupler to excite TE013 mode than you are showing. It mounts on the middle of the big end plate. If interested I have several papers on this coupler. See attached.
One comment is your rtn loss peak looks to be low. You may need to look at improving your rtn loss peak to improve VSWR and reduce reflected Rf from your frustum.
Good luck
Phil
At that time, I don't have a further study of the antenna structure, your antenna is very good, but it is difficult to make.I will try to do it. I used the spinning processing method to do a pure copper (thickness1.25 mm) cavity .
To compensate for the low radiation efficiency, I ordered high-power microwave power amplifier,phase lock loop signal source.Due to the expensive cyclone floating platform, I'm going to apply directly to the boat loaded EMDRIVE, measuring its movement. If you need a cavity, I can sell a lot to you.
Thank your for confirming this most important information:
* Yang has retired
* Yang can NOT get recognition of the academic committee
* Yang has NO further project funding
* Yang's project grounded to a halt in 2014
* Yang cannot explain the conflict between her "theory" with existing physical theoryQuote from: John AdamsFacts are stubborn things; and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passion, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence.
TheTraveller claims frequent communications with Shawyer, having posted over 1400 posts in these threads alone, he refers to Shawyer as "Roger", and Shawyer claims cooperation and communications with Yang, but TheTraveller has never made these facts about Yang's project known to the community.
Actually there has been a lot of what, apparently has to be misinformation, floating around, as if Yang was still receiving funding, as if Yang's project was still active and as if Yang's work was well accepted in China, instead of Yang NOT receiving recognition of the academicians in China, and her project being halted in 2014. Numerous attempts by members of this thread to communicate with Yang had resulted in silent, lack of response.
The last Yang report available, dates from the last year that her project was still alive: 2014, and as it was discussed in these threads, it dealt with experiments showing the high degree of heating of the EM Drive in Yang's experiments: thermal effects.
Neither Roger Shawyer nor Prof. Yang ever reported (to the public) a single test conducted in vacuum.
Shawyer's project with Boeing in the USA was reported to have suffered a similar fate: as Boeing terminated the project years ago and has stated that it has ended all communications with Shawyer.
There appears to be another bullet point which can be extracted from oyzw's excellent and most informative post. To put the point:
* Yang cannot explain the conflict between her "theory" with existing physical theory
in context, oyzw's statement was to the effect :
'She was confirmed the results of the experiment, but cannot explain the conflict with existing physical theory'
which would seem to expand into the following bullet points which rather change the impression of Dr. Yang's work.
* Yang confirmed her experimental results
* Yang cannot explain the conflict between her "theory" with existing physical theory
Confirming experimental results but not being able to explain conflict with established theory is somewhat different than the original bullet point list. Just my thoughts.
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#935 by Rodal on 30 Dec, 2015 15:08
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...
Except that the opinion of China's academicians differs from an interpretation of the experimental results meriting further funding, as the opinion of China's academicians was that the project did not merit any further funding.
* Yang confirmed her experimental results
* Yang cannot explain the conflict between her "theory" with existing physical theory
Confirming experimental results but not being able to explain conflict with established theory is somewhat different than the original bullet point list. Just my thoughts.
None of Yang's reported experimental results where performed in a vacuum. Space flight applications (the subject of this thread) takes place in a vacuum.
Take a look here for the only experimental results reported in a vacuum, by NASA and by TU Dresden: http://emdrive.wiki/Experimental_Results , which are several orders of magnitude smaller than what was claimed by Yang and Shawyer -
#936 by TheTraveller on 30 Dec, 2015 15:23
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* TheTraveller has never made these facts about Yang's project known to the community (Fact, now confirmed by you)
What part of "I ever knew of these events" prior to reading the post from ozyw don't you understand?
You are trying to turn your "assumptions" into facts, which they are not. -
#937 by rfmwguy on 30 Dec, 2015 15:25
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Its probably worthwhile restating that EW vacuum tests at GRC are still on the table as of a month or so ago (last time I read about it). This will be a critical piece of the puzzle for all of us. Ambient testing (all that is practical and available to diyers) can only go so far, but we should not dismiss nor discourage ambient testing imho...otherwise we simply sit and wait...and wait...and wait....
Except that the opinion of China's academicians differs from an interpretation of the experimental results meriting further funding, as the opinion of China's academicians was that the project did not merit any further funding.
* Yang confirmed her experimental results
* Yang cannot explain the conflict between her "theory" with existing physical theory
Confirming experimental results but not being able to explain conflict with established theory is somewhat different than the original bullet point list. Just my thoughts.
None of Yang's reported experimental results where performed in a vacuum. Space flight applications (the subject of this thread) takes place in a vacuum.
Take a look here for the only experimental results reported in a vacuum, by NASA and by TU Dresden: http://emdrive.wiki/Experimental_Results , which are several orders of magnitude smaller than what was claimed by Yang and Shawyer -
#938 by Rodal on 30 Dec, 2015 15:30
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I wrote nothing about what you knew or did not know, nor would I ever pretend to know what you (or anybody else) know.* TheTraveller has never made these facts about Yang's project known to the community (Fact, now confirmed by you)
What part of "I ever knew of these events" prior to reading the post from ozyw don't you understand?
You are trying to turn your "assumptions" into facts, which they are not.
What I wrote was the fact that you (although citing frequent communications with Shawyer) had not reported these news about Yang's project being halted.
Having clarified that you did not know that Yang's project had been halted in 2014 due to lack of confidence and support from China's academicians, the question now (since you are in communication with Shawyer) is whether Shawyer knew this:
Has Shawyer been in communication with Yang since 2014 ?
Did Shawyer know that Yang's project was halted in 2014 due to lack of confidence and support from China's academicians's?
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#939 by OnlyMe on 30 Dec, 2015 15:36
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......
________
(*) Also Dr. White at NASA carefully distanced himself and his project from the unaccepted theories of Yang and Shawyer, who he never embraced, as they are obviously incompatible with well-known physics.
Dr. White's QV-virtual plasma thruster theory? does not exactly conform to any currently accepted understanding of either the QV or Gravity.
It is difficult to justify criticisms of any theory attached to the publication of any experiment, whether published or presented for purposes of funding. As someone mentioned earlier, when dealing with what is New Physics, journals expect an included theory of operation and not many venture capitalists are going to be willing to provide funding, in the early stages of any technological development without some explanation, of how/why it might work. In neither case does the attached theory have to have been proven a realistic explanation.... No, all that is required is that it be acceptable to the reviewing(s) parties. If theory had to be proven before being published, there would be no theoretical physics, at all.
It is unreasonable to reject experimental claims based solely on an attached theory of operation.., or without all of the facts contributing to any claims made based on experiment. Shawyer, Yang and even Eagleworks have not provided sufficient detail of their experimental design that anyone could just duplicate their tests, without a great deal of trial and error. Rejecting experimental claims based on incomplete detail, or the lack of specific design detail, is valid.., but in that case you are rejecting their reporting or experimental design. The actual engineering and physical design...
Until the dust settles on any proposed new technology, rejecting claims based on faulty theory is bad science. There seems to be a great deal of confusion, of just where the line between engineering and theory is, where the EMDrive is concerned. Most of what I have seen is an engineering effort, aimed at reproducing and testing past claims, and a healthy dose of theoretical speculation. It is the engineering that drives the experimental design, not so much what we imagine the theory of operation might be.
As I have said before, It would be far better to catch the rabbit.., replicate or experimentally refute the claimed results before, cooking it!.., chasing the theory of operation. Engineering is based on what we know and trial and error, while any theory of operation would seem to be obviously New Physics and not entirely explainable by any inherited or aquired theoretical bias, based on past experience.
