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#2440 by Stormbringer on 01 Feb, 2016 05:41
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The comment on the strong energy condition here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_condition#Strong_energy_condition raises a couple of interesting, maybe related thoughts with regards to inflationary cosmology. The potential expansion of space time through resonating cavities, and the 750 GeV diphoton excess, which seems to have no other particles in the decay, is easiest to explain as a product of gluon-gluon fusion, and is rumored to be leaning towards Spin 2... I wonder if there's some light being shed on an existing, dire misunderstanding of gravity. On the other hand, no one does impenetrable jargon like particle physicists, so who knows?
http://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2013/10/03/guest-post-lance-dixon-on-calculating-amplitudes/
in N=8 Super gravity a gluon and a graviton are related in an awesome way:QuoteThis so-called color-kinematics duality, when achieved, leads to a simple “double copy” prescription for computing amplitudes in suitable theories of gravity: Take the gauge theory amplitude, remove the color factors and square the kinematic numerator factors. Crudely, a graviton looks very much like two gluons laid on top of each other. If you’ve ever looked at the Feynman rules for gravity, you’d be shocked that such a simple prescription could ever work, but it does.
and these guys won the Sakurai Prize in Theoretical Physics for this work.
These guys are definitely not ko0ky.
But someone known for extreme fringe science K0okiness said this same thing about three decades ago.
*cough* Bob *cough* Lazar *cough* -
#2441 by dustinthewind on 01 Feb, 2016 07:13
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White claims that the "permitivity" of space can be modulated with an AC field. if this is true then frame dragging or at least frame dragging like effects should be modulable too. since the permitivity he was referring to is the succeptibility of space(/time) to deformation (AKA warping.)
so if White's assertion is true then space (which is what he was shooting for) is artificially deformable.
parenthetically: and presumably time should be too.
and if you can modulate the permitivity one way; why not in the other direction such that the effect of negative energy mass is produced? inducing the opposite curvature of space from what is expected from regular energy and mass?
This reminds me of this video by David below:
In the video he is brainstorming a gravity drive. At about 20:50 where he claims this solution wouldn't be able to exceed the speed of light but doesn't have the energy condition violations of the Alcubierre warp. He states f requires some specific pressure state and that it doesn't have to go negative. Not sure exactly what to make of it but you reminded me of it when you mentioned (Modulating the permittivity of space). At 15:00 he mentions changing the r to f(r) which is the f I believe at the end of the video.
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#2442 by RERT on 01 Feb, 2016 12:05
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Dr.Rodal -
You've mentioned a few times that non-linear EM only comes into play at high energies, and have contrasted the (at best so far) 100 W input to a frustrum with PetaWatt lasers.
Apologies in advance if this is a misconception on my part, but it would seem that the Frustrum field strengths would need to be scaled up to account for the multiple 'reflections' in the standing wave within the cavity, and consequently one would encounter non-linear effects at much lower input power.
Is the correct comparison with the PetaWatt laser power Q*frustrum Input power? I don't think this invalidates your conclusion, but I'm curious to know.
Also interesting to note, but I assume a PetaWatt laser doesn't run continuously like a frustrum - think of the power bills! There may be cumulative small effects which wouldn't show up with a laser pulse.
R.
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#2443 by Rodal on 01 Feb, 2016 12:30
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Dr.Rodal -
You've mentioned a few times that non-linear EM only comes into play at high energies, and have contrasted the (at best so far) 100 W input to a frustrum with PetaWatt lasers.
Apologies in advance if this is a misconception on my part, but it would seem that the Frustrum field strengths would need to be scaled up to account for the multiple 'reflections' in the standing wave within the cavity, and consequently one would encounter non-linear effects at much lower input power.
Is the correct comparison with the PetaWatt laser power Q*frustrum Input power? I don't think this invalidates your conclusion, but I'm curious to know.
Also interesting to note, but I assume a PetaWatt laser doesn't run continuously like a frustrum - think of the power bills! There may be cumulative small effects which wouldn't show up with a laser pulse.
R.
When dealing with steady state resonance, we have standing waves which reach a maximum amplitude in a single cycle and then they just repeat the same cyclic variation.
The field strengths calculated do not need to be multiplied by multiple reflections, the field strengths are what they are, as calculated by FEKO, COMSOL or by the exact solution I obtained using Wolfram Mathematica. For example, when you have a string vibrating at 100 Hz, the stress in the string is given by the amplitude of the oscillation and should not be multiplied by the number of oscillations. Whether one reaches nonlinearity is governed by the amplitude of an oscillation achieved in a single cycle of oscillation. At steady-state resonance it is immaterial whether one has 10 cycles or billions of cycles.
If you are looking at the initial transient, then the oscillation amplitude increases with time until it reaches steady state. If you are looking at decay after the power is turned off, then the oscillation amplitude will decrease with time due to damping losses.
In the transient regime, the amplitude of the oscillations, grows from zero to the amount it eventually reaches at steady state. So using the standing wave field strength is conservative, because it represents the maximum amplitude that will be achieved. Yes, it is a misconception to think that the field strengths need to be multiplied by the number of reflections in a resonance problem, because the field strengths calculated are the maximum reached during a cycle Sin[omega*t] where omega is the angular frequency.
Concerning input power, I think that the analogy is pretty good. (Parenthetically, in several EM Drive experiments the power was not run continuously. Rfmwguy did not run the power of the magnetron continuously but as he explained, the different microwave oven settings for powers that are less that 100% all they do is to run the power at maximum power for shorter intervals of time so that the average power over a given amount of time is a given fraction of what it would be if it would be run continuously. I understand that TheTraveller is also not running the power continuously in his EM Drive experiment.)
Yes, I am very sure that the amplitude of the field strengths and the power used in EM Drive experiments up to now is very small for nonlinear Quantum Mechanics effects to be present.
The field strengths and the power used in EM Drive resonant cavity experiments pales in comparison with the power used in resonant cavities in particle accelerators. -
#2444 by SeeShells on 01 Feb, 2016 12:33
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There are some things that happen to the electron at the ~.1um ultraviolet ranges that are different for the lower energy frequencies and would be interesting to see incorporated into high energy "seed" UV pulses into a frustum via a quartz rod...
* The energy density for TE013 is completely dominated (by several orders of magnitude) by the Magnetic Energy density that's why the total energy density looks exactly like the Magnetic Energy Density:
Would you so kind to post some explicit data, something more than the "I have thrust" statement of your first build? Or is it your plan to release it all together if you are done?
* The reason why the Magnetic Energy Density completely dominates is because of the frequency. It would be required for the EM Drive to be operating in TE013 (if it would be possible: requiring very small dimensions !) at >10^15 Hz or higher frequency instead of at 10^9 Hz, for the Electric Energy density to begin to dominate
* More to come, but there are important consequences from all this, that have been proposed by physicists, that no EM Drive tester has yet tested.
!
, but that's about 5 steps up from where I'm at right now. Some materials pulsed with frequencies of 3e+15 or UV, electrons start be freed from the outer shells. Have we talked about this in what happens to the electrons when hit with this specific energy before?
HA!
We did, this is why I tagged this article months ago when we were talking about seeing coronal discharges in the Octogonal frustum with the perforated walls. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922439/
On another note. TE013
Dr. Rodal, Regarding your concerns on the degenerative TM11p which you and X_Ray are right. If I look at the information as it exists in "reported" (so little data) force generation excluding Q but just looking at mode and developing the mode http://imgur.com/Azmr2PB one thing became apparent and where I believe Roger Shawyer and as relayed by TT might be correct in generating the TE013. TE012 and TE013 both have their issues but the TE013 because of it's geometry inside of the frustum could lead to the insertion of a material "stack" that could take serious advantage of the mode shape of TE013.
I'm not quite ready to stop my first run and gaining data but this is the next step.
Correct waveguide insertion (think outside of the box
into the frustum at the correct point will force and sustain a TE013 mode generation and narrowed bandwidth and stabilized magnetron output with the revamped Inverted will stop the AM sputtering of it's output. Using the same thermal expansion compensation scheme I should be able to hold the cavity stable within the very narrow "window" of Q and mode.
Shell -
#2445 by Rodal on 01 Feb, 2016 12:52
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..
I'm not quite ready to stop my first run and gaining data but this is the next step.
Correct waveguide insertion (think outside of the box into the frustum at the correct point will force and sustain a TE013 mode generation and narrowed bandwidth and stabilized magnetron output with the revamped Inverted will stop the AM sputtering of it's output. Using the same thermal expansion compensation scheme I should be able to hold the cavity stable within the very narrow "window" of Q and mode.
Shell
Please take a look at: http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=39004.msg1485986#msg1485986
Minotti predicts that the General Relativity force is proportional to the total thickness and density of the metal used in the cavity of the EM Drive. Could you check this by testing, for example an EM Drive that is three times thicker? or maybe simpler, just test an EM Drive that has metal end plates much thicker (3 to 5 times)? -
#2446 by sghill on 01 Feb, 2016 12:58
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...
5) Dr. Marco Frasca (NSF user StrongGR) was also very interested in these interferometer tests, perhaps he can also give us his recollection
...
What motivated the writing of my paper was the news that people at EW shot a laser beam through a cavity filled with an e.m. field and observed a change in the interference pattern. This is somewhat a different way from the original use of the White-Juday interferometer and far removed from the criticisms by Zen-in. This idea by EW people is really original and worth to be analysed further. Nobody else, as far as I can tell, just did this before. The point of view of general relativity, as I have shown, is that they are right as already the simplest plane wave, as stated in the classical textbook "Gravitation", generates a deformation of space-time. So, if I fill a cavity with an e.m. field this effect should be observable and EW people seems to have shown that this is indeed the case.
From my perspective, that of a physicist, this is already a breakthrough. The reason is that this would be the first time that a gravitational effect could be possibly observed on a tabletop experiment. Extending this to the application case, we are able to form e.m. fields as we like and so, we could in principle form gravitational fields in the way we like: This would open up the way to space-time engineering.
I think that this was the original motivation for Harold White to put all this up: Using a strong e.m. field to act in small regions of space-time. The Alcubierre's idea has the serious drawback to require exotic matter and all the solutions of Einstein equations requiring it are suspect at best. But if you can replace such a kind of strange non-existing matter with a real thing there are possibilities.
Indeed, the possibility to do that, from a mathematical standpoint, can be traced back to a paper of mine published on 2006 (see http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0508246) where I provided the mathematics to do that. This did not exist before and the only people trying to do such kind of studies were Belinski, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz that yielded what was dubbed "BKL conjecture". Indeed, these authors were the first to uncover a strong coupling expansion in general relativity. I have had the luck to be taught general relativity by Vladimir Belinski in person: A great physicist let me say. This was my first course where I was exposed to the matter.
I am awaiting, as most people in this forum, the official publication of results of people at EW. I think they are onto something. Then, NASA should assume an official position and it will be a great moment for everybody I believe.
This. Right here. This is why I remain interested in the EMDrive. The positive ramifications go well beyond thruster applications.
And very well summarized too. Thank you for this post StrongGR. -
#2447 by SeeShells on 01 Feb, 2016 13:04
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Sure can...
I'm not quite ready to stop my first run and gaining data but this is the next step.
Correct waveguide insertion (think outside of the box into the frustum at the correct point will force and sustain a TE013 mode generation and narrowed bandwidth and stabilized magnetron output with the revamped Inverted will stop the AM sputtering of it's output. Using the same thermal expansion compensation scheme I should be able to hold the cavity stable within the very narrow "window" of Q and mode.
Shell
Please take a look at: http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=39004.msg1485986#msg1485986
Minotti predicts that the General Relativity force is proportional to the total thickness and density of the metal used in the cavity of the EM Drive. Could you check this by testing, for example an EM Drive that is three times thicker? or maybe simpler, just test an EM Drive that has metal end plates much thicker (3 to 5 times)?
I was going to head out to town today to pick up some copper sheets I ordered but it's a round trip in some nasty conditions so I'm going to wait a day and I can modify my order to add a couple thicker plates from my supplier. You have an idea what the minimum thickness that will be needed? Would 1 mm or .043" which is OTS be enough or does it need to be thicker?
Shell
Speling multitsking boo boo -
#2448 by Rodal on 01 Feb, 2016 13:44
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Minotti used copper 1 mm thick, so using 1 mm as minimum copper thickness sounds good.
Sure can...
I'm not quite ready to stop my first run and gaining data but this is the next step.
Correct waveguide insertion (think outside of the box into the frustum at the correct point will force and sustain a TE013 mode generation and narrowed bandwidth and stabilized magnetron output with the revamped Inverted will stop the AM sputtering of it's output. Using the same thermal expansion compensation scheme I should be able to hold the cavity stable within the very narrow "window" of Q and mode.
Shell
Please take a look at: http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=39004.msg1485986#msg1485986
Minotti predicts that the General Relativity force is proportional to the total thickness and density of the metal used in the cavity of the EM Drive. Could you check this by testing, for example an EM Drive that is three times thicker? or maybe simpler, just test an EM Drive that has metal end plates much thicker (3 to 5 times)?
I was going to head out to town today to pick up some copper sheets I ordered but it's a round trip in some nasty conditions so I'm going to wait a day and I can modify my order to add a couple thicker plates from my supplier. You have an idea what the minimum thickness that will be needed? Would 1 mm or .043" which is OTS be enough or does it need to be thicker?
Shell
Speling multitsking boo boo
Since the skin depth is about 1 micrometer at these frequencies for copper, a 1 mm thick of copper is about 1,000 times thicker than the skin depth, which seems fine for a minimum thickness.
It would be good to also test an EM Drive with 3 times the thickness or more of copper: 3 mm or thicker copper, to compare and see whether Minotti is right that the force increases with thickness of copper.
EDIT: The test has to be done with a thicker copper sheet for comparison, a multilayer copper or a weighted EM Drive will not do as a comparison because the theory pertains to a single, homogeneous conducting metal material that is all connected without breaks. -
#2449 by SeeShells on 01 Feb, 2016 14:00
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I'll check in what they can get or have in stock. I'm still trying to get my head around the why depth increases effect, sometimes the brain cells don't fire as well. Would you mind if you could ELI5?
Minotti used copper 1 mm thick, so using 1 mm as minimum copper thickness sounds good.
Sure can...
I'm not quite ready to stop my first run and gaining data but this is the next step.
Correct waveguide insertion (think outside of the box into the frustum at the correct point will force and sustain a TE013 mode generation and narrowed bandwidth and stabilized magnetron output with the revamped Inverted will stop the AM sputtering of it's output. Using the same thermal expansion compensation scheme I should be able to hold the cavity stable within the very narrow "window" of Q and mode.
Shell
Please take a look at: http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=39004.msg1485986#msg1485986
Minotti predicts that the General Relativity force is proportional to the total thickness and density of the metal used in the cavity of the EM Drive. Could you check this by testing, for example an EM Drive that is three times thicker? or maybe simpler, just test an EM Drive that has metal end plates much thicker (3 to 5 times)?
I was going to head out to town today to pick up some copper sheets I ordered but it's a round trip in some nasty conditions so I'm going to wait a day and I can modify my order to add a couple thicker plates from my supplier. You have an idea what the minimum thickness that will be needed? Would 1 mm or .043" which is OTS be enough or does it need to be thicker?
Shell
Speling multitsking boo boo
Since the skin depth is about 1 micrometer at these frequencies for copper, a 1 mm thick of copper is about 1,000 times thicker than the skin depth, which seems fine for a minimum thickness.
It would be good to also test an EM Drive with 3 times the thickness or more of copper: 3 mm or thicker copper, to compare and see whether Minotti is right that the force increases with thickness of copper.
Or do I have to read some Edward E. "Doc" Smith books?
The Skylark of Space is the first book of the Skylark series and pits the idealistic protagonist, Dick Seaton, against the mercantile antagonist Marc "Blackie" DuQuesne.
At the beginning of the story, Seaton accidentally discovers a workable space drive in combining pure copper with a newly discovered [fictional] element "X" -
#2450 by Rodal on 01 Feb, 2016 14:24
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..
Because, according to Minotti, the anomalous force on the EM Drive is due to a version of General Relativity, due to coupling of electromagnetism with gravitation. The anomalous force is then expressed as a gravitational potential times the copper mass of the EM Drive, since the gravitation acts on the copper mass of the EM Drive. The thicker the copper, the greater the mass of copper, and hence the greater the gravitational force.
I'll check in what they can get or have in stock. I'm still trying to get my head around the why depth increases effect, sometimes the brain cells don't fire as well. Would you mind if you could ELI5?
Equation 31 of Minotti's paper ( http://arxiv.org/abs/1302.5690 ) gives the anomalous force on the EM Drive due to gravitation, which is proportional to the mass surface density of the metal of the EM Drive cavity, where
σ = (mass surface density) = (mass volume density) *thickness
therefore, the gravitational force on the EM Drive increases with density of the metal used and it also increases with thickness of the metal used in the cavity, just like the conventional gravitational force
F = m g
= (mass volume density)*Volume*g
= [(mass volume density)*thickness]*Area*g
on any "thin" objects (whose volume can be described as thickness*surfaceArea) increases with density of the object and it increases with the thickness of the object.
The gravitational force on this thin shell structure also increases as we make it thicker:
Since the force that Minotti is discussing is due to coupling of gravitation with electromagnetism and the electromagnetic field in the copper is mainly present in the skin depth (1 micrometer) rather than the whole thickness of the copper, you do have a point as to why isn't the relevant thickness the skin depth rather than the whole copper thickness. The electromagnetic field does not disappear for thickness greater than the skin depth, it is just very small and usually negligible for depth greater than the skin depth.
Minotti's derivation shows the gravitational potential responsible for the anomalous force on the EM Drive to be acting on the whole metal thickness. Basically, he writes that although the electromagnetic field decays quickly in 1 micrometer of skin depth, that the gravitational potential force on the EM Drive decays much more slowly, and it affects the whole copper thickness.
It is something to be tested and nullified or verified
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#2451 by SeeShells on 01 Feb, 2016 15:01
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..
Because, according to Minotti, the anomalous force on the EM Drive is due to a version of General Relativity, due to coupling of electromagnetism with gravitation. The anomalous force is then expressed as a gravitational potential times the copper mass of the EM Drive, since the gravitation acts on the copper mass of the EM Drive. The thicker the copper, the greater the mass of copper, and hence the greater the gravitational force.
I'll check in what they can get or have in stock. I'm still trying to get my head around the why depth increases effect, sometimes the brain cells don't fire as well. Would you mind if you could ELI5?
Equation 31 of Minotti's paper ( http://arxiv.org/abs/1302.5690 ) gives the anomalous force on the EM Drive due to gravitation, which is proportional to the mass surface density of the metal of the EM Drive cavity, where
σ = (mass surface density) = (mass volume density) *thickness
therefore, the gravitational force on the EM Drive increases with density of the metal used and it also increases with thickness of the metal used in the cavity, just like the conventional gravitational force
F = m g
= (mass volume density)*Volume*g
= (mass volume density)*thickness*Area*g
on any "thin" objects (whose volume is thickness*surfaceArea) increases with density of the object and it increases with the thickness of the object.
The gravitational force on this thin shell structure also increases as we make it thicker:
I've read it again and the same thing popped out at me and made a connection in what notsosureofit has to say that a greater force generation can be expected at lower frequencies of drive.
@notsosureofit_Hypothesis
And Minotti
Pg 11
Note that, from (24), the force on the cavity is proportional to the fed power, and
to the quality factor Qcav.
For the lowest TM mode (ν = 1.05 GHz) the value obtained is Fz = 7.7 N, while
for the next two TM modes, with ν = 2.05 GHz and ν = 2.76 GHz, we obtained
Fz = −1.4 N and Fz = −0.9N, respectively
A engineer sees connections and maybe it's not a good thing and maybe it is.
For electrical and electrons to be able to take more effect we need to scale up the frequencies and for magnetic we scale down in frequencies.
Brain cramp.
Got work to do...
Shell
PS: It will be interesting to test. -
#2452 by rfmwguy on 01 Feb, 2016 15:35
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Its really too bad that DIY folks don't have the financial resources to do these experiments. If I had the $$, probably the first thing on the list would be to test the interferometer claims of EW within a high EM field, of course in a vacuum.
I can imagine the university labs with idle environmental and test equipment after hours or on weekends that I'd love to get my hands on
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#2453 by Rodal on 01 Feb, 2016 15:42
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...
No brain cramp. If you believe the experiments of Yang and Shawyer, and that's why you are testing TE013 a transverse electric mode, then what matters is the magnetic energy density (whether you believe that the anomalous force is due to the gravitomagnetic effect or whether it is due to a thermal artifact: induction heating due to the magnetic field), and it would be completely inconsistent and misguided to use high frequencies in the optical range if one trusts the results of Yang and Shawyer.
A engineer sees connections and maybe it's not a good thing and maybe it is.
For electrical and electrons to be able to take more effect we need to scale up the frequencies and for magnetic we scale down in frequencies. Brain cramp.
Got work to do...
Shell
PS: It will be interesting to test.
People that want to test optical frequencies for the EM Drive, are actually saying that they don't trust the results of Yang and Shawyer (which is a tenable position, for example by saying that Yang's results were due to thermal induction heating from the magnetic field).
But there is no brain cramp: the way ahead to test is clear
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#2454 by Notsosureofit on 01 Feb, 2016 17:36
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Over lunch....
Not why I'm looking at it, but Minotti says he is using "In the permanent regime of the established resonant mode, sustained against decay by a continuous power input P....". With that restriction, Eq. 28 (theoretically) vanishes at the inner surface of the cavity wall, so I have no idea why he needs to put in the wall thickness at all, unless his "force" would vanish without it.
Edit: If on the other hand, he is using the field which penetrates the wall, the dependence is only on P, not PQ. -
#2455 by Rodal on 01 Feb, 2016 17:56
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Over lunch....
Yes. Also, did you notice where he says, after Equation 29:
Not why I'm looking at it, but Minotti says he is using "In the permanent regime of the established resonant mode, sustained against decay by a continuous power input P....". With that restriction, Eq. 28 (theoretically) vanishes at the inner surface of the cavity wall, so I have no idea why he needs to put in the wall thickness at all, unless his "force" would vanish without it.
Edit: If on the other hand, he is using the field which penetrates the wall, the dependence is only on P, not PQ.QuoteNote that the magnetic field in the right-hand side of (17) is the total field, which includes the contribution from the Earth's magnetic field. The latter, of much smaller magnitude than that of the cavity cannot be neglected due to its large spatial scale
what do you think of the above statement saying that the Earth's magnetic field cannot be neglected concerning what's going on inside the metal cavity ? -
#2456 by Notsosureofit on 01 Feb, 2016 18:08
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Over lunch....
Yes. Also, did you notice where he says, after Equation 29:
Not why I'm looking at it, but Minotti says he is using "In the permanent regime of the established resonant mode, sustained against decay by a continuous power input P....". With that restriction, Eq. 28 (theoretically) vanishes at the inner surface of the cavity wall, so I have no idea why he needs to put in the wall thickness at all, unless his "force" would vanish without it.
Edit: If on the other hand, he is using the field which penetrates the wall, the dependence is only on P, not PQ.QuoteNote that the magnetic field in the right-hand side of (17) is the total field, which includes the contribution from the Earth's magnetic field. The latter, of much smaller magnitude than that of the cavity cannot be neglected due to its large spatial scale
what do you think of the above statement saying that the Earth's magnetic field cannot be neglected concerning what's going on inside the metal cavity ?
You could take into account its influence on the charged particles in the walls, but the integral over its "large spatial scale" is of rather limited extent in this case.
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#2457 by flux_capacitor on 01 Feb, 2016 18:22
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The mention of negative energy made me think of the analogy that Dark matter could maybe be Negative energy matter in another dimension pulling in our time space (anti gravity).
Adding grist to your mill:
Petit, J. P.; d’Agostini, G. (2014). "Negative mass hypothesis in cosmology and the nature of dark energy". Astrophysics and Space Science 354 (2). doi:10.1007/s10509-014-2106-5.
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#2458 by flux_capacitor on 01 Feb, 2016 20:25
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An interesting (if way over my head) paper from Fernando Minotti of Argentina, http://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.5690.pdf
Yes, we actually examined this paper in previous threads. Please notice that:Quote from: MinottiThe weakest part of the theory seems to be that there is no clear way of preventing large gravitational effects due to the magnetic field of the Earth, as predicted by Eq. (17)
In other words, Minotti writes that the theory used in Minotti's paper is in conflict already with our experimental knowledge of the magnetic field around the Earth, so we already know that the theory discussed in the paper cannot be a good model of reality.
About this apparent conflict between Minotti's core idea and the (non)observation of any large gravity effect of the magnetic field, Minotti in the same paper addresses the issue with the possibility of non-linear effects:Quote from: MinottiThe weakest part of the theory seems to be that there is no clear way of preventing large gravitational effects due to the magnetic field of the Earth, as predicted by Eq. (17).
A possible solution can be sought in non-linear effects, such as those due to the second terms in the left-hand sides of (4)
and (6).
In effect, their inclusion would modify (14) to
where
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#2459 by rfmwguy on 01 Feb, 2016 21:17
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Great thoughts about waves flying about in the frustum. I've been looking in another direction (just for the fun of it).
What sort of particles would you assume could fly around inside the frustum, assuming it is in a vacuum?
A) Heavy metal ions: Cu, Ag or Au depending on what the finish is.
B) Free Electrons
What else?
Been studying PVD/Magnetron Sputtering but this is a gas-charged Plasma process and does not seem to be related (unless someone decides to fill a cavity with ammonia, right Doc?)
!
, but that's about 5 steps up from where I'm at right now. Some materials pulsed with frequencies of 3e+15 or UV, electrons start be freed from the outer shells. Have we talked about this in what happens to the electrons when hit with this specific energy before? 
into the frustum at the correct point will force and sustain a TE013 mode generation and narrowed bandwidth and stabilized magnetron output with the revamped Inverted will stop the AM sputtering of it's output. Using the same thermal expansion compensation scheme I should be able to hold the cavity stable within the very narrow "window" of Q and mode.
Brain cramp.