Author Topic: Eutelsat OneWeb: Constellation - General Thread  (Read 682190 times)

Offline Robotbeat

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I agree that you don’t necessarily need a fully populated megaconstellation to provide continuous service (especially at OneWeb’s altitude). After all, Iridium gets by with only 66 active satellites to provide continuous service, and it’s at an even lower altitude than OneWeb.

Same applies to Starlink, BTW (although lower altitude means they’d need at least twice as many satellites as Iridium).

You need the satellites spaced properly, and there are angle constraints, but a huge pet peeve of mine is when people assume you physically HAVE to have the full constellation of hundreds or thousands of satellites for continuous service no matter what. Iridium proves that wrong.

I agree that OneWeb has options, here.
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Offline Nomadd

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The bigger issue is the complete collapse of OneWeb which is a devastating blow to the UK's and Europe's hope for a non US system.

Complete collapse of OneWeb? That's hyperbole. Yes, they'll probably end up losing some fraction of the ~$350M for these launches (the fraction that went to Roscosmos), and yes this will delay them being able to launch their remaining ~200 satellites. But they already have over 2/3 of their constellation launched. As of some point last year (I think August or September), they hit the point where once their satellites were done with orbit raising, that they could begin offering commercial services above/below 50N and 50S. With the number of launches they've done since then, I wouldn't be surprised if they could extend that to 40N/S or maybe even 30N/S with some cleverness. Is that the whole world? No. But depending on the minimum latitude they can serve, that could still be most or all of Europe, Canada, the US, Japan/SK, parts of China, possibly northern parts of India, parts of Australia, NZ, large parts of South Africa and South America.

I guess I'm just saying that I wouldn't count them out yet.

~Jon
I wouldn't call it hyperbole. Without a big chunk of money to make up for time lost, stolen launch fees and possible loss of satellites, the case doesn't look good. Add in lost revenue for lesser and later service for already signed and future customers, it's a mess.
 Their main slogan being "We're not the other guys" never made for that great a business case anyhow.
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Offline Rondaz

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OneWeb leaves Baikonur Cosmodrome after Roscosmos ultimatum.

by Jason Rainbow — March 2, 2022

TAMPA, Fla. — OneWeb on March 2 ordered staff to leave Russia’s Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan amid an impasse over the planned March 4 launch of its latest batch of satellites on a Soyuz rocket, an executive for the U.K.-based company said.

Chris McLaughlin, OneWeb’s chief of government, regulatory affairs and engagement, told SpaceNews it decided to leave the Russian-controlled launch site after Roscosmos issued an ultimatum on the mission.

With geopolitical tensions rising amid Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Roscosmos Director General Dmitry Rogozin said the planned March 4 launch could only go ahead if OneWeb guarantees the satellites would not be used for military purposes, and the British government divests its stake in the company.

“There’s no negotiation on OneWeb: the UK Government is not selling its share,” U.K. Business Secretary Kwasi Kwarteng said in response.

Roscosmos issued its ultimatum via Twitter March 2 shortly after the Soyuz rocket carrying 36 satellites was rolled out to the pad.

In a further sign of fraying relations, Rogozin posted a video on Twitter purportedly showing OneWeb’s livery being removed from the Soyuz rocket.

“The launchers at Baikonur decided that without the flags of some countries, our rocket would look more beautiful,” Rogozin tweeted in Russian, according to a translation.

France-based Arianespace, which has a contract with OneWeb to launch the constellation and has so far deployed 428 of its 648-strong network on Soyuz rockets over 13 missions since February 2019, declined to comment.

Prior to Russia’s Feb. 24 invasion of Ukraine, OneWeb expected to deploy the remaining satellites in its planned constellation by the end of August to provide global services.

Another potential wrinkle

Widening sanctions and worsening relations between Russia and the West also pose manufacturing questions for OneWeb.

Although OneWeb builds its satellites in Florida under a joint venture with Airbus, it uses spacecraft thrusters imported from Fakel, a Russian propulsion company.

Airbus highlighted Airbus OneWeb Satellites’ cooperation with Fakel for OneWeb’s constellation in a news release ahead of a Moscow airshow last summer.

The companies have not disclosed how many satellites still need to be built to complete OneWeb’s constellation, or whether enough thrusters have been stockpiled.

Airbus OneWeb Satellites spokeswoman Molly Townsend and Airbus U.S. Space & Defense spokeswoman Morgan Keese directed questions about the thrusters to OneWeb, which declined to comment.

It is also unclear whether the OneWeb-derived satellite platforms that San Francisco-based condosat operator Loft Orbital ordered from Airbus in January are designed to use Fakel thrusters. Ten of the more than 15 buses Loft Orbital ordered are intended for customer EarthDaily Analytics of Canada.

Loft Orbital co-founder and CEO Pierre-Damien Vaujour did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

https://spacenews.com/oneweb-leaves-baikonur-cosmodrome-after-roscosmos-ultimatum/

Offline JayWee

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Ouch. That hurts. It seems it's ion trusters. Something like https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPT-100

Offline M.E.T.

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Must admit, the contrast in the capability and prospects of the “two leading megaconstellation operators” could not be more starkly apparent after recent events.

SpaceX loses almost an entire Starlink launch batch in a solar storm. Impact - they just launch another batch a few days later, hardly breaking stride as they continue to accelerate.

Oneweb’s next launch gets frozen due to geopolitical tensions, and suddenly their entire business case is in jeopardy.

Offline ZachF

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Must admit, the contrast in the capability and prospects of the “two leading megaconstellation operators” could not be more starkly apparent after recent events.

SpaceX loses almost an entire Starlink launch batch in a solar storm. Impact - they just launch another batch a few days later, hardly breaking stride as they continue to accelerate.

Oneweb’s next launch gets frozen due to geopolitical tensions, and suddenly their entire business case is in jeopardy.

Let’s not forget to add they’ve already gone bankrupt once
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Offline Rondaz

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Roskosmos stops the 14th OneWeb mission

Page author: Anatoly Zak; Last update: March 2, 2022
Page editor: Alain Chabot; Last edit: March 2, 2022

Scheduled for liftoff on March 5, the Soyuz rocket loaded with 36 OneWeb satellites became the first space launch cancelled as a result of the Russian war against Ukraine. Preparations for the mission were put on hold on March 2, with the rocket already on the pad in Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Preparations for launch

The launch of the Soyuz-2-1b/Fregat-M rocket with the 14th batch of OneWeb satellites was scheduled for March 5, 2022, at 01:41:02 Moscow Time from Site 31 in Baikonur. The rocket was to carry 36 satellites during the mission.

Launch campaign

On January 3, Roskosmos announced that the first OneWeb launch of 2022 from Baikonur was postponed from January 27 until March 5 due to a request from the customer. At the time, a total of seven OneWeb launches were planned during 2022, including six from Baikonur and one from the ELS site in French Guiana.

As of early January, the launch campaign for the 14th mission was scheduled to begin on January 26 with the processing of the Fregat upper stage, which had been previously delivered to Baikonur. The arrival of the satellites for the mission from the manufacturing plant was scheduled for February 10 but an An-124 transport aircraft carrying 36 satellites did not arrive at Baikonur until February 16.

The train carrying components of the Soyuz-2-1b launch vehicles and payload fairings for two upcoming OneWeb missions arrived at Baikonur's Site 112 on February 1. At the same time, Fregat upper stage for the next OneWeb mission was undergoing electric tests, Roskosmos announced.

On February 24, Roskosmos announced that the assembly of the payload section for the mission had been completed, as Russia's invasion of Ukraine began, followed by massive western sanctions and countersanctions. Neverthless, the rocket was rolled out to the launch pad at Site 31 on the morning of March 2, but shortly thereafter, Roskosmos head Dmitry Rogozin announced that the mission would not proceed unless he received assurances by 21:30 Moscow Time on March 4 of non-military use of the satellites. Rogozin also demanded that the British government give up its stake in OneWeb.

In the meantime, the operations on the pad continued according to precedures on the first day on March 2, Roskosmos said. The State Corporation also published visuals of workers on the access gantry covering up US and British flags on the payload fairing of the launch vehicle.

By the middle of the day, Kwasi Kwarteng, UK Business and Energy Secretary, announced that there were no negotiations on OneWeb and the UK government was not selling its shares. "We are in touch with other shareholders to discuss next steps," Kwarteng wrote on Twitter.

https://russianspaceweb.com/oneweb14.html

Todays news Oneweb sats. and russian demand for no military use by Great Britian !!
Satellites are stuck in russia .. Doesn't look like russia will return them ..
If oneweb can build new replacements can Falcon 9
Launch them ??  Ariane Space doesn't seem to have slots the russians won't be
selling them any launchers !!
I wonder if Oneweb wishes they would have tried to arrange a Falcon 9
ride in the first place !! I know they would be paying the competition .. But hind sight being
20/20 it would have been Less Expense and Less Misery in the long run !!

Online butters

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Ouch. That hurts. It seems it's ion trusters. Something like https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPT-100
Snecma has made a Europeanized version (PPS-1350) under license from Fakel. But I think only three of them have flown, on two missions. So even if it's practical and "legal" to produce them without Russian cooperation, scaling production for OneWeb might take some time.

I'd suggest that Aerojet-Rocketdyne and/or Busek might be able to produce Hall thrusters that Airbus/OneWeb could use, but perhaps committing to indigenous mass production of unencumbered Hall thruster IP by Snecma would be the prudent, sustainable way forward for the European space industry. There's exponential growth in the number of constellation-class Hall thrusters in LEO, so while international partnerships are great, this is something Europe should aspire to produce domestically at scale as soon as possible.

Online toren

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Maybe belaboring the obvious, but Roscosmos is taking on a sovereign power, the UK, presumably at Putin's demand.  Being as Roscosmos is a thinly disguised arm of Russia, there's a lot of ways the monetary damages could be recouped from Russia's assets.

The technical issues maybe not so easy.  Hopefully there will be some closing of ranks to help OneWeb patch up a new plan.

Offline russianhalo117

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Todays news Oneweb sats. and russian demand for no military use by Great Britian !!
Satellites are stuck in russia .. Doesn't look like russia will return them ..
If oneweb can build new replacements can Falcon 9
Launch them ??  Ariane Space doesn't seem to have slots the russians won't be
selling them any launchers !!
I wonder if Oneweb wishes they would have tried to arrange a Falcon 9
ride in the first place !! I know they would be paying the competition .. But hind sight being
20/20 it would have been Less Expense and Less Misery in the long run !!
They have backup agreements already in place thanks to sanctions resulting from the Georgia and Crimea events before the first OneWeb launch took place. Note that OneWeb is designed to support horizontal orientation of the launcher as it rolls out to the pad so F9/FH are capable.

Offline M.E.T.

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Maybe belaboring the obvious, but Roscosmos is taking on a sovereign power, the UK, presumably at Putin's demand.  Being as Roscosmos is a thinly disguised arm of Russia, there's a lot of ways the monetary damages could be recouped from Russia's assets.

The technical issues maybe not so easy.  Hopefully there will be some closing of ranks to help OneWeb patch up a new plan.

I would say OneWeb has been helped quite a lot already - not least with UK taxpayer money to rescue them from bankruptcy. And preferential permitting treatment by the Indian authorities.

Maybe it’s time to accept their business model is cumbersome, flawed and ultimately not competitive with that of the industry leader.
« Last Edit: 03/03/2022 02:01 am by M.E.T. »

Online meekGee

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Must admit, the contrast in the capability and prospects of the “two leading megaconstellation operators” could not be more starkly apparent after recent events.

SpaceX loses almost an entire Starlink launch batch in a solar storm. Impact - they just launch another batch a few days later, hardly breaking stride as they continue to accelerate.

Oneweb’s next launch gets frozen due to geopolitical tensions, and suddenly their entire business case is in jeopardy.

Let’s not forget to add they’ve already gone bankrupt once
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Offline jongoff

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Let’s not forget to add they’ve already gone bankrupt once

Which, in spite of what most SpaceX amazing peoples seem to think, was probably mostly due to bad timing. Most startups (including SpaceX for Starlink) raise the money for big projects like this in an incremental series of raises. You usually have a certain amount of "runway" (time before you run out of money), and you try to raise the next round before you get too close to the end of the runway, but typically not too soon after your previous raise, in the hopes of retiring some risk so you can raise the new money at a higher valuation. OneWeb was in the process of closing a funding round right as the world ground to a halt in early 2020. There was about a 2mo period there where a lot of people in the finance world thought we were going to crash into depression and all the space investment money was going to dry up. In hindsight, they were completely wrong--2020 actually ended up being a record year for space investment. But between February and early April 2020, a lot of people thought the bottom was going to drop out on the space finance market and we were going to see dozens of high profile bankruptcies. If the timing of when OneWeb had needed to raise their round shifted about 30 days in either direction, they likely would've closed it just fine (either before the pandemic lockdowns hit, or long enough afterward that it became obvious that financial markets weren't locking up). And without that hiccup, they'd be quite a bit ahead of SpaceX. They would've already had service going above 50 degrees before SpaceX could offer anything, and they'd likely be done with their entire first generation constellation by today.

Did the bankruptcy help their second owners? Sure! But it almost certainly wasn't driven by any doubts about their feasibility or business model or anything else. If SpaceX's fundraising timing had been similarly pessimal, there's a non-zero chance they would've had to have done some serious layoffs, and/or slow-rolled one of their projects too.

Sometimes bankruptcies are driven by bad business models, but most people I've spoken with about this agree this was more driven by unlucky timing than relative market viability.

~Jon

Offline jongoff

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Maybe belaboring the obvious, but Roscosmos is taking on a sovereign power, the UK, presumably at Putin's demand.  Being as Roscosmos is a thinly disguised arm of Russia, there's a lot of ways the monetary damages could be recouped from Russia's assets.

The technical issues maybe not so easy.  Hopefully there will be some closing of ranks to help OneWeb patch up a new plan.

I would say OneWeb has been helped quite a lot already - not least with UK taxpayer money to rescue them from bankruptcy. And preferential permitting treatment by the Indian authorities.

Maybe it’s time to accept their business model is cumbersome, flawed and ultimately not competitive with that of the industry leader.

Or maybe it's time for me to dig up the information on that other thread about how to mute certain accounts from SpaceX amazing peoples who feel the need to go on literally every non-SpaceX thread and badmouth every other project, and go on and on about how SpaceX's ways are superior, and the rest of the industry should just give up and give Elon all the moneys?

~Jon

Offline ZachF

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Let’s not forget to add they’ve already gone bankrupt once

Which, in spite of what most SpaceX amazing peoples seem to think, was probably mostly due to bad timing. Most startups (including SpaceX for Starlink) raise the money for big projects like this in an incremental series of raises. You usually have a certain amount of "runway" (time before you run out of money), and you try to raise the next round before you get too close to the end of the runway, but typically not too soon after your previous raise, in the hopes of retiring some risk so you can raise the new money at a higher valuation. OneWeb was in the process of closing a funding round right as the world ground to a halt in early 2020. There was about a 2mo period there where a lot of people in the finance world thought we were going to crash into depression and all the space investment money was going to dry up. In hindsight, they were completely wrong--2020 actually ended up being a record year for space investment. But between February and early April 2020, a lot of people thought the bottom was going to drop out on the space finance market and we were going to see dozens of high profile bankruptcies. If the timing of when OneWeb had needed to raise their round shifted about 30 days in either direction, they likely would've closed it just fine (either before the pandemic lockdowns hit, or long enough afterward that it became obvious that financial markets weren't locking up). And without that hiccup, they'd be quite a bit ahead of SpaceX. They would've already had service going above 50 degrees before SpaceX could offer anything, and they'd likely be done with their entire first generation constellation by today.

Did the bankruptcy help their second owners? Sure! But it almost certainly wasn't driven by any doubts about their feasibility or business model or anything else. If SpaceX's fundraising timing had been similarly pessimal, there's a non-zero chance they would've had to have done some serious layoffs, and/or slow-rolled one of their projects too.

Sometimes bankruptcies are driven by bad business models, but most people I've spoken with about this agree this was more driven by unlucky timing than relative market viability.

~Jon

I don’t think the business case maths out at all with these giant constellations without at least a semi-reusable launch vehicle.

One Web is paying ~$50m to launch ~250gbps of constellation capacity, SX is paying ~$25m to launch >1,000Gbps.
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Offline jongoff

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Ouch. That hurts. It seems it's ion trusters. Something like https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPT-100

I'm not sure how serious this problem actually is for a few reasons:

1- We don't know how many Xenon Hall Effect Thrusters OneWeb still needs to complete their constellation. I know another component provider who was about to deliver the last batch of their components for OneWeb this month. I don't know where the HET production run was relative to that component, but there's a non-zero chance they were close to finishing their production run too. It's possible they had accelerated production of those thrusters to avoid an issue like this. Or given that they're expensive subsystems, maybe they didn't have many stockpiled. We don't know. We also don't know whether or not OneWeb will be able to get any of the current batch of satellites back. So, absolute worst case they'd need ~220 units, but likely quite a bit fewer (possibly as few as 30-50 if I had to guess).

2- I seem to remember hearing that OneWeb had actually taken another HET vendor (Busek?) pretty far through the development cycle before downselecting to the current Russian vendor, possibly even through flight qualification. I wouldn't be surprised if they spec'd both systems to use similar layouts and bolt hole interfaces. Which might make it easier to reactivate the alternative vendor for the remaining satellites. Things have lead-times, but depending on how soon they can find alternative rides, they may not need those last few thrusters for several months. It might delay the last batch or two, but possibly not by as much as you'd think.

3- There are also a ton of companies developing Hall Thrusters in this class. Like an insane number of companies. Like every time I blink I seem to hear about new hall thruster companies (ok that's a slight stretch). Which means that they may have options, including Snecma doing engines under license from Fakel, Busek, Apollo Fusion, ExoTerra, and at least a half dozen others. So, even if they can't fall back on their backup plan, there are others who could possibly stand things up quickly.

4- There's probably other things OneWeb could do to stretch things out if they're close and want to buy some time -- 648 included a decent number of spares, which maybe could be launched later on a dedicated launch vehicle, allowing them to get to an initial full operational set with a few less birds overall. They could also potentially deliberately rejigger their orbit raising/plane-filling strategy to deliberately target something short of full global coverage initially -- maybe they sacrifice being able to serve near-equatorial markets initially until they can finish populating the planes.

There are all sorts of other scenarios that depend strongly on how the geopolitical situation evolves too. But, until we hear more details, I wouldn't quite freak out about the HET supply as much. The launcher situation is the one that has me more worried. Other than maybe SpaceX, I don't know if there is enough global spare launch capacity that can be spooled up quickly to finish launching OneWeb this year, even if the satellites are all ready to go.

~Jon

Offline vaporcobra

Let’s not forget to add they’ve already gone bankrupt once

Which, in spite of what most SpaceX amazing peoples seem to think, was probably mostly due to bad timing. Most startups (including SpaceX for Starlink) raise the money for big projects like this in an incremental series of raises. You usually have a certain amount of "runway" (time before you run out of money), and you try to raise the next round before you get too close to the end of the runway, but typically not too soon after your previous raise, in the hopes of retiring some risk so you can raise the new money at a higher valuation. OneWeb was in the process of closing a funding round right as the world ground to a halt in early 2020. There was about a 2mo period there where a lot of people in the finance world thought we were going to crash into depression and all the space investment money was going to dry up. In hindsight, they were completely wrong--2020 actually ended up being a record year for space investment. But between February and early April 2020, a lot of people thought the bottom was going to drop out on the space finance market and we were going to see dozens of high profile bankruptcies. If the timing of when OneWeb had needed to raise their round shifted about 30 days in either direction, they likely would've closed it just fine (either before the pandemic lockdowns hit, or long enough afterward that it became obvious that financial markets weren't locking up). And without that hiccup, they'd be quite a bit ahead of SpaceX. They would've already had service going above 50 degrees before SpaceX could offer anything, and they'd likely be done with their entire first generation constellation by today.

Did the bankruptcy help their second owners? Sure! But it almost certainly wasn't driven by any doubts about their feasibility or business model or anything else. If SpaceX's fundraising timing had been similarly pessimal, there's a non-zero chance they would've had to have done some serious layoffs, and/or slow-rolled one of their projects too.

Sometimes bankruptcies are driven by bad business models, but most people I've spoken with about this agree this was more driven by unlucky timing than relative market viability.

~Jon

I'm not sure that this is much of a defense given that OneWeb and Starlink exist in the same world and that SpaceX did NOT go bankrupt while under the exact same global stresses and while simultaneously ramping up Starlink AND Starship... If it were some universal challenge, rather than incompetence within one organization, one would imagine that SpaceX's nonessential programs would have visibly struggled or faltered, too. What the events definitely DONT imply is that it could never happen again or that it was entirely outside of OneWeb's control. There are plenty of reasons to still be concerned and skeptical.

Offline jongoff

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Let’s not forget to add they’ve already gone bankrupt once

Which, in spite of what most SpaceX amazing peoples seem to think, was probably mostly due to bad timing. Most startups (including SpaceX for Starlink) raise the money for big projects like this in an incremental series of raises. You usually have a certain amount of "runway" (time before you run out of money), and you try to raise the next round before you get too close to the end of the runway, but typically not too soon after your previous raise, in the hopes of retiring some risk so you can raise the new money at a higher valuation. OneWeb was in the process of closing a funding round right as the world ground to a halt in early 2020. There was about a 2mo period there where a lot of people in the finance world thought we were going to crash into depression and all the space investment money was going to dry up. In hindsight, they were completely wrong--2020 actually ended up being a record year for space investment. But between February and early April 2020, a lot of people thought the bottom was going to drop out on the space finance market and we were going to see dozens of high profile bankruptcies. If the timing of when OneWeb had needed to raise their round shifted about 30 days in either direction, they likely would've closed it just fine (either before the pandemic lockdowns hit, or long enough afterward that it became obvious that financial markets weren't locking up). And without that hiccup, they'd be quite a bit ahead of SpaceX. They would've already had service going above 50 degrees before SpaceX could offer anything, and they'd likely be done with their entire first generation constellation by today.

Did the bankruptcy help their second owners? Sure! But it almost certainly wasn't driven by any doubts about their feasibility or business model or anything else. If SpaceX's fundraising timing had been similarly pessimal, there's a non-zero chance they would've had to have done some serious layoffs, and/or slow-rolled one of their projects too.

Sometimes bankruptcies are driven by bad business models, but most people I've spoken with about this agree this was more driven by unlucky timing than relative market viability.

~Jon

I don’t think the business case maths out at all with these giant constellations without at least a semi-reusable launch vehicle.

One Web is paying ~$50m to launch ~250gbps of constellation capacity, SX is paying ~$25m to launch >1,000Gbps.

Honestly, I'm skeptical it maths out even for SpaceX. But investors are putting money into all sorts of space ventures that I don't think math out.

But back to the original point -- none of what I was hearing about why they didn't close their round had anything to do with economics, it was all about fear of the financial apocalypse at the time. Lots of people thought 2020 was going to be a repeat of 2008, which it wasn't. That day of reckoning is still in the future.

~Jon

Offline jongoff

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I'm not sure that this is much of a defense given that OneWeb and Starlink exist in the same world and that SpaceX did NOT go bankrupt while under the exact same global stresses and while simultaneously ramping up Starlink AND Starship... If it were some universal challenge, rather than incompetence within one organization, one would imagine that SpaceX's nonessential programs would have visibly struggled or faltered, too. What the events definitely DONT imply is that it could never happen again or that it was entirely outside of OneWeb's control. There are plenty of reasons to still be concerned and skeptical.

You completely missed my point about timing. If you look at when SpaceX's finance round in 2020 was (August 2020 according to google), they didn't need to raise money at the time the financial markets were freaking out. By late summer when SpaceX was doing its fundraising, things were back to booming in the space financial world. So no, SpaceX and OneWeb were not raising money in the same financial environment. Timing can matter a lot when you have a large financial shock.

~Jon

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