Author Topic: Crossfeed was used before Falcon Heavy - in Ariane 4 and Atlas rockets  (Read 13627 times)

Offline tp1024

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Admittedly, it was a rather limited crossfeed.

The gas generators of the Vinci Viking engines used water to cool down the gas from the gas generator, instead of burning it with excess fuel to achieve this. The boosters of the 42L and 44L variants also used Vinci Viking engines, but didn't have water tanks. So they took the water from the core stage, cross feeding it into the booster engines. (A few tons of water in total, a bit less than 10% of the total fuel mass in the boosters.)

Crossfeed has been used in 79 launches so far. Ok, it was in the other direction and only a fraction of the total amount that FH would use, but it was used on a regular basis.

Similarly you could have a look at the original (ICBM) Atlas rocket. While it didn't jettison any booster rockets, it did jettison its two booster engines, which were fed from the core - as they didn't have their own tanks to begin with. The required engineering is very similar to doing crossfeed from a booster rocket towards the core engines.

So, to put it that way: What is all the fuss about? (At least in terms of the basic mode of crossfeed - feeding a few of the engines from the outer booster tanks.)
« Last Edit: 02/23/2015 09:51 am by tp1024 »

Offline Jim

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Similarly you could have a look at the original (ICBM) Atlas rocket. While it didn't jettison any booster rockets, it did jettison its two booster engines, which were fed from the core - as they didn't have their own tanks to begin with. The required engineering is very similar to doing crossfeed from a booster rocket towards the core engines.


This has be stated many times.

Offline Semmel

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Similarly you could have a look at the original (ICBM) Atlas rocket. While it didn't jettison any booster rockets, it did jettison its two booster engines, which were fed from the core - as they didn't have their own tanks to begin with. The required engineering is very similar to doing crossfeed from a booster rocket towards the core engines.


This has be stated many times.

That might be the case but I didnt know about it. For me, cross feed only existed in kerbal space program so far, didnt know it was used in reality as before (sort of). So thx for the info tp1024.

Offline aero

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By the same token, wouldn't the space shuttle drop tank feeding the shuttle engines qualify as cross-feed of a sort?
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Offline mheney

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No.  Cross-feed refers to engines being able to draw fuel from multiple sources.  Shuttle's engines drew their fuel from a single tank.

Offline Robotbeat

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Cross-feed isn't magic. It can be done, just about any launch provider could do it if they wanted. Doesn't mean they should.
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Offline NovaSilisko

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It can be done, just about any launch provider could do it if they wanted.

How many providers have 3+ core liquid-fueled rockets to apply it to? There's Soyuz, Delta IV Heavy, and... uh...

Edit: Just remembered liquid boosters are common in Chinese vehicles as well.
« Last Edit: 02/22/2015 02:49 am by NovaSilisko »

Offline spacenut

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It's not impossible.  If they can send a signal to turn off an engine (which is turning valves to turn off fuel and oxidizer), they can shut off cross feed and use quick type disconnects.  It would only take a few seconds. 

Online Hobbes-22

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The difficulty is in switching between tanks without interrupting the flow of propellants to the engine. High-flow turbopumps react rather badly to gas bubbles in their intakes.

Neither Ariane 4 nor Atlas had this problem as there was no switch, just the closing of a few valves at the end of the burn. 

You could avoid that by shutting down and restarting the engines, but then you have to make the engines air-startable (ok, SpaceX needed that anyway for the recovery burns).

Online meekGee

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Since the pressure in the central tank is much higher, if the two side valves are one directional, once you open the center valve they will shut off automatically.

Saves 4 actuators, but check valves can be tricky.
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Offline GraniteHound92

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It can be done, just about any launch provider could do it if they wanted.

How many providers have 3+ core liquid-fueled rockets to apply it to? There's Soyuz, Delta IV Heavy, and... uh...

Edit: Just remembered liquid boosters are common in Chinese vehicles as well.

Don't forget Angara.  The Angara A5 doesn't crossfeed now, but according to spaceflight101, crossfeeding will be, "...implemented as part of the evolution of the launcher family."

http://www.spaceflight101.com/angara-a5.html

Offline MP99

Since the pressure in the central tank is much higher, if the two side valves are one directional, once you open the center valve they will shut off automatically.

Saves 4 actuators, but check valves can be tricky.
ISTM there are secondary effects, perhaps different swirl patterns within the prop flow, etc, especially during the transition.

I'd think they'd route the crossfeed pipes to minimise this.

Cheers, Martin

Offline Garrett

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No.  Cross-feed refers to engines being able to draw fuel from multiple sources.  Shuttle's engines drew their fuel from a single tank.
I thought the orbiters needed to fire their engines for the reentry burns, or am I mistaken? As there was no external tank present for that burn, surely the engines were connected to another source tank? Therefore they were basically crossfed.
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Offline Lars-J

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No.  Cross-feed refers to engines being able to draw fuel from multiple sources.  Shuttle's engines drew their fuel from a single tank.
I thought the orbiters needed to fire their engines for the reentry burns, or am I mistaken? As there was no external tank present for that burn, surely the engines were connected to another source tank? Therefore they were basically crossfed.

Different engines were used for deorbit burns.

Offline Damon Hill

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Admittedly, it was a rather limited crossfeed.

The gas generators of the Vinci engines used water to

Nitpick:

The earlier Arianes used Viking engines, not Vinci.  The latter is a new and unflown cryo upper stage engine.

I can't think of any rocket that's ever used propellant crossfeed in the manner the Falcon Heavy is planning to use.  The earlier Atlas of course did have to have propellant cutoff valves to facilitate dropping the booster engine assembly, and that may be unique.

--Damon

Offline SebastianB

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Actually, there are examples of engines being fed by different propellant tanks. Namely the S5.98 on Briz-M and the S5.92 on Fregat-SB. Both stages use auxiliary propellant tanks which are dropped during the mission.
But the engine is shut down before the tank is dropped and then the engine ignites again. So it is no precedent for boost stage crossfeed where the engines are preferably kept running.

Offline tp1024

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Admittedly, it was a rather limited crossfeed.

The gas generators of the Vinci engines used water to

Nitpick:

The earlier Arianes used Viking engines, not Vinci.  The latter is a new and unflown cryo upper stage engine.

I can't think of any rocket that's ever used propellant crossfeed in the manner the Falcon Heavy is planning to use.  The earlier Atlas of course did have to have propellant cutoff valves to facilitate dropping the booster engine assembly, and that may be unique.

--Damon

That's not a nitpick. That's just a true statement. It sort of slipped through.

(I'd been reading about hydrogen upper stages enough that I didn't notice my mistake. Especially since ISRO insists on calling its UDMH/NTO engine Vikas. I mentally checked whether I mixed it up with Vikas and was satisfied. So I happily wrote Vinci instead of Viking without any further thought at all. I demand a ban on calling engines Vi*** for the next half century, just so I can keep this stuff straight!)
« Last Edit: 02/23/2015 09:52 am by tp1024 »

Offline hkultala

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Admittedly, it was a rather limited crossfeed.

The gas generators of the Vinci Viking engines used water to cool down the gas from the gas generator, instead of burning it with excess fuel to achieve this. The boosters of the 42L and 44L variants also used Vinci Viking engines, but didn't have water tanks. So they took the water from the core stage, cross feeding it into the booster engines. (A few tons of water in total, a bit less than 10% of the total fuel mass in the boosters.)

Crossfeed has been used in 79 launches so far. Ok, it was in the other direction and only a fraction of the total amount that FH would use, but it was used on a regular basis.

Similarly you could have a look at the original (ICBM) Atlas rocket. While it didn't jettison any booster rockets, it did jettison its two booster engines, which were fed from the core - as they didn't have their own tanks to begin with. The required engineering is very similar to doing crossfeed from a booster rocket towards the core engines.

So, to put it that way: What is all the fuss about? (At least in terms of the basic mode of crossfeed - feeding a few of the engines from the outer booster tanks.)

This is not cross-feed. This is the exact OPPOSITE of cross-feeding, meaning that the heavy tanks had to be lifted for LONGER than the engines using the liquids in them, while in normal cross-feed, some of the tankage needs to be lifted for LESS than some of the engines using them.

Online cwr

Admittedly, it was a rather limited crossfeed.

The gas generators of the Vinci Viking engines used water to cool down the gas from the gas generator, instead of burning it with excess fuel to achieve this. The boosters of the 42L and 44L variants also used Vinci Viking engines, but didn't have water tanks. So they took the water from the core stage, cross feeding it into the booster engines. (A few tons of water in total, a bit less than 10% of the total fuel mass in the boosters.)

Crossfeed has been used in 79 launches so far. Ok, it was in the other direction and only a fraction of the total amount that FH would use, but it was used on a regular basis.

Similarly you could have a look at the original (ICBM) Atlas rocket. While it didn't jettison any booster rockets, it did jettison its two booster engines, which were fed from the core - as they didn't have their own tanks to begin with. The required engineering is very similar to doing crossfeed from a booster rocket towards the core engines.

So, to put it that way: What is all the fuss about? (At least in terms of the basic mode of crossfeed - feeding a few of the engines from the outer booster tanks.)

This is not cross-feed. This is the exact OPPOSITE of cross-feeding, meaning that the heavy tanks had to be lifted for LONGER than the engines using the liquids in them, while in normal cross-feed, some of the tankage needs to be lifted for LESS than some of the engines using them.

I was quite confused by this thread until I realized hkultala had responded to a thread that was quiescent
for the last 6 1/2 years.

FH today does not have cross feed and IIRC Elon posted that there were no plans for cross-feed since FH
became operational.

Carl

Offline Hog

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No.  Cross-feed refers to engines being able to draw fuel from multiple sources.  Shuttle's engines drew their fuel from a single tank.
Space shuttle OMS/RCS most certainly a cross-feed system..
Paul

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