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#1300 by JayP on 19 Aug, 2010 00:33
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I have an airlock question here.
On STS-96/2A.1, STS-101/2A.2a, and STS-106/2A.2b, how did the crews perform spacewalks? The LDM was in the payload bay and the access tunnel connected to the aft hatch of the ODS where spacewalks were usually carried out when docked to the ISS. Of course, the zenith hatch was connected to the PMAs.
The logical explanation, of course, would be if the spacewalks were to be conducted out the SPACEHAB transfer tunnel, however the ICC was present on each of these three missions above the chamber, so no spacewalking hatch could be added.
Mind you, Quest was installed on 7A (STS-104) in 2001, well after the last of the three aforementioned missions.
How did the six astronauts (Barry, Jernigan, Lu, Malenchenko, Voss, and Williams) exit the station on these missions?
The ICC was mounted aft of the Tunnel Adapter that was used for the EVAs
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#1301 by orbiter62995 on 19 Aug, 2010 01:32
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I have an airlock question here.
On STS-96/2A.1, STS-101/2A.2a, and STS-106/2A.2b, how did the crews perform spacewalks? The LDM was in the payload bay and the access tunnel connected to the aft hatch of the ODS where spacewalks were usually carried out when docked to the ISS. Of course, the zenith hatch was connected to the PMAs.
The logical explanation, of course, would be if the spacewalks were to be conducted out the SPACEHAB transfer tunnel, however the ICC was present on each of these three missions above the chamber, so no spacewalking hatch could be added.
Mind you, Quest was installed on 7A (STS-104) in 2001, well after the last of the three aforementioned missions.
How did the six astronauts (Barry, Jernigan, Lu, Malenchenko, Voss, and Williams) exit the station on these missions?
The ICC was mounted aft of the Tunnel Adapter that was used for the EVAs
Allright, thanks – Just for curiosity, the shortened version of that tunnel cannot feature an airlock when the ICC is attached, correct?
Lastly, what hatches need to be closed to operate the airlock in the tunnel while docked to ISS (would station hatches need to be closed?) -
#1302 by JayP on 19 Aug, 2010 15:46
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Allright, thanks – Just for curiosity, the shortened version of that tunnel cannot feature an airlock when the ICC is attached, correct?
Lastly, what hatches need to be closed to operate the airlock in the tunnel while docked to ISS (would station hatches need to be closed?)
The tunnel length is driven by the location of the spacehab module wich is driven in turn by CG requirements. If the spacehab module was mounted forward for some reason, the ICC would simply be mounted behind it.
They would never have flown a SpaceHab or SpaceLab module without the tunnel adaptor to act as an airlock. It would be required in the case of a late EVA to manually close the playload bay doors. You couldn't use to ODS hatch of the external airlock because A) they would never risk the suits around the ODS mechanism and B) there wouldn't be enough room to get back in after the doors were closed.
The Tunnel Adaptor had internal hatches at either end to minimize the air lost when cycling it. Those would have been the only hatches that needed to be closed. -
#1303 by orbiter62995 on 21 Aug, 2010 13:45
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Allright, thanks – Just for curiosity, the shortened version of that tunnel cannot feature an airlock when the ICC is attached, correct?
Lastly, what hatches need to be closed to operate the airlock in the tunnel while docked to ISS (would station hatches need to be closed?)
The tunnel length is driven by the location of the spacehab module wich is driven in turn by CG requirements. If the spacehab module was mounted forward for some reason, the ICC would simply be mounted behind it.
They would never have flown a SpaceHab or SpaceLab module without the tunnel adaptor to act as an airlock. It would be required in the case of a late EVA to manually close the playload bay doors. You couldn't use to ODS hatch of the external airlock because A) they would never risk the suits around the ODS mechanism and B) there wouldn't be enough room to get back in after the doors were closed.
The Tunnel Adaptor had internal hatches at either end to minimize the air lost when cycling it. Those would have been the only hatches that needed to be closed.
How long are the transfer tunnels (long and short), just out of curiosity? -
#1304 by Jim on 21 Aug, 2010 19:02
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How long are the transfer tunnels (long and short), just out of curiosity?
They vary. 22 inches to several feet -
#1305 by orbiter62995 on 22 Aug, 2010 00:53
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How long are the transfer tunnels (long and short), just out of curiosity?
They vary. 22 inches to several feet
22 inches in length is enough for an airlock? I can't find data on transfer tunnels anywhere (googled them of course, etc.), but the short SPACEHAB tunnel looks at shortest 5 feet – though I am bad at estimation. So essentially, you're saying that the transfer tunnel is 22 inches LONG, or in Diameter? -
#1306 by JayP on 22 Aug, 2010 02:14
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The Airlock is in the tunnel adaptor, not the tunnel itself. The adaptor is about 50" in inside diameter while the tunnel is about 40"
How long are the transfer tunnels (long and short), just out of curiosity?
They vary. 22 inches to several feet
22 inches in length is enough for an airlock? I can't find data on transfer tunnels anywhere (googled them of course, etc.), but the short SPACEHAB tunnel looks at shortest 5 feet – though I am bad at estimation. So essentially, you're saying that the transfer tunnel is 22 inches LONG, or in Diameter?
Here are a couiple of photos of the adaptor from the early Shuttle/Mir flights where the external airlock was mounted in Bay 3 and the Adaptor was mounted between the crew compartment and the EA. On later flights, this was reversed.
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#1307 by Fequalsma on 22 Aug, 2010 02:55
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The current certified limit loads on the SLWT forward bipod are (ref. page N-50 of the SDHLLV Assessment, NSTS 60583 report): FTO1 = +96.4/-127.8 kips (1 kip = 1000 lbs), and FTO2 = +64.5/-70.9 kips. FTO1 is perpendicular to the ET, and FTO2 is lateral. Positive FTO1 is tensile, and negative is compressive on the bipod apex. Positive FTO2 is to the right. Per the above report, there is significant excess structural capability (at least +25 percent, including a 1.4 safety factor) in the current bipod hardware.
The various struts are arranged to provide a "statically determinate" interface connecting the ET and Orbiter. This means that there are no internal forces generated, either when the ET and Orbiter are mated, or when the cryoprops are loaded (which cause the ET to shrink). In other words, the ET doesn't distort the Orbiter, and vice versa.
The back-right tripod on the ET is (ideally) a "pinned" attachment point, where all three displacements are constrained, and all three rotations are free. The back-left bipod is hinged to allow the Orbiter attachment point to expand/contract laterally relative to the ET, and the forward bipod is also hinged to allow the Orbiter attachment point to expand/contract axially relative to the ET.
As others have noted, the thrust loads from the Orbiter enter the ET through the angled thrust struts at the back of the ET. The LH2 tank skins are seriously thick (up to 0.55 inches) back there to distribute these stresses. The minimum LH2 tank skin thickness is 0.089 inches, sized by the internal pressure loads.
F=maI originally posted this in the Exportation Alternatives section but didn't get an answer, thought I might get one here.
I saw this image (clipped)
in the "Completed SD HLV assessment highlights low-cost post-shuttle solution" (clipped)
I was wondering how much force is taken up by the nose tripod of the Shuttle/ET connection, and how much the ET would have to be reengineered to make this work? Is it really a practical low cost alternative?
Thank you for your time,
Steve -
#1308 by orbiter62995 on 22 Aug, 2010 03:14
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The Airlock is in the tunnel adaptor, not the tunnel itself. The adaptor is about 50" in inside diameter while the tunnel is about 40"
How long are the transfer tunnels (long and short), just out of curiosity?
They vary. 22 inches to several feet
22 inches in length is enough for an airlock? I can't find data on transfer tunnels anywhere (googled them of course, etc.), but the short SPACEHAB tunnel looks at shortest 5 feet – though I am bad at estimation. So essentially, you're saying that the transfer tunnel is 22 inches LONG, or in Diameter?
Here are a couiple of photos of the adaptor from the early Shuttle/Mir flights where the external airlock was mounted in Bay 3 and the Adaptor was mounted between the crew compartment and the EA. On later flights, this was reversed.
Okay, so in place of the tunnel itself, you CAN use just the tunnel adaptor to connect the ODS to the SPACEHAB itself, but diameter aside it's a whole 5 feet in length for the tunnel adaptor? -
#1309 by Danderman on 22 Aug, 2010 05:22
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Here are a couple of photos of the adaptor from the early Shuttle/Mir flights where the external airlock was mounted in Bay 3 and the Adaptor was mounted between the crew compartment and the EA. On later flights, this was reversed.
This begs the question of why the Adapter/APAS was not mounted as close to the SpaceHAB module as possible, to put the APAS closer to the vehicle c/g.
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#1310 by Jim on 22 Aug, 2010 13:03
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This begs the question of why the Adapter/APAS was not mounted as close to the SpaceHAB module as possible, to put the APAS closer to the vehicle c/g.
many reasons. To save room. An ICC could be mounted over the tunnel. Also, there was only one long tunnel segment, not many choices in layout -
#1311 by Jim on 22 Aug, 2010 13:08
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Okay, so in place of the tunnel itself, you CAN use just the tunnel adaptor to connect the ODS to the SPACEHAB itself, but diameter aside it's a whole 5 feet in length for the tunnel adaptor?
No, there are many reasons why
My point, due to spacing and the cargo attach points in the payload bay, a tunnel of around 22 inches was required.
The module was required to be as far back in the bay as possible for CG reasons. -
#1312 by orbiter62995 on 22 Aug, 2010 14:46
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Okay, so in place of the tunnel itself, you CAN use just the tunnel adaptor to connect the ODS to the SPACEHAB itself, but diameter aside it's a whole 5 feet in length for the tunnel adaptor?
No, there are many reasons why
My point, due to spacing and the cargo attach points in the payload bay, a tunnel of around 22 inches was required.
The module was required to be as far back in the bay as possible for CG reasons.
…So it's ~2 feet long and 50 inches in diameter? Seems awful short because an EMU spacesuit is way larger than 22 inches
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#1313 by Jim on 22 Aug, 2010 14:52
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Okay, so in place of the tunnel itself, you CAN use just the tunnel adaptor to connect the ODS to the SPACEHAB itself, but diameter aside it's a whole 5 feet in length for the tunnel adaptor?
No, there are many reasons why
My point, due to spacing and the cargo attach points in the payload bay, a tunnel of around 22 inches was required.
The module was required to be as far back in the bay as possible for CG reasons.
…So it's ~2 feet long and 50 inches in diameter? Seems awful short because an EMU spacesuit is way larger than 22 inches
I am only talking tunnel, not tunnel adapter and ODS. A tunnel adapter is always required with a Spacehab module. The tunnel is the remaining straight section. -
#1314 by orbiter62995 on 22 Aug, 2010 15:05
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Okay, so in place of the tunnel itself, you CAN use just the tunnel adaptor to connect the ODS to the SPACEHAB itself, but diameter aside it's a whole 5 feet in length for the tunnel adaptor?
No, there are many reasons why
My point, due to spacing and the cargo attach points in the payload bay, a tunnel of around 22 inches was required.
The module was required to be as far back in the bay as possible for CG reasons.
…So it's ~2 feet long and 50 inches in diameter? Seems awful short because an EMU spacesuit is way larger than 22 inches
I am only talking tunnel, not tunnel adapter and ODS. A tunnel adapter is always required with a Spacehab module. The tunnel is the remaining straight section.
Okay, alright, I think I understand what you are saying now. I attached a graphic of the payload bay as visible from the station during the STS-118 rendezvous sequence, and I added numbers representing the payloads. Please tell me if I am correct:
1). ODS
2). SPACEHAB Tunnel Adaptor (which is about 5 feet?)
3). SPACEHAB Short Tunnel (~22 inches)
4). SPACEHAB Logistics Single Module (LSM)
5). S5 Truss short spacer
6). External Stowage Platform (ESP)-3
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#1315 by JayP on 22 Aug, 2010 15:20
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Okay, alright, I think I understand what you are saying now. I attached a graphic of the payload bay as visible from the station during the STS-118 rendezvous sequence, and I added numbers representing the payloads. Please tell me if I am correct:
1). ODS
2). SPACEHAB Tunnel Adaptor (which is about 5 feet?)
3). SPACEHAB Short Tunnel (~22 inches)
4). SPACEHAB Logistics Single Module (LSM)
5). S5 Truss short spacer
6). External Stowage Platform (ESP)-3
Yes, except the tunnel adaptor is about 10 to 12 feet long not 5. -
#1316 by DaveS on 22 Aug, 2010 18:31
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How are the SRM segment stacking order determined? I've always thought that there's no real order, they just take one and stack it. But recently I have gotten reason to question this.
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#1317 by Jim on 22 Aug, 2010 19:36
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1). ODS
2). SPACEHAB Tunnel Adaptor (which is about 5 feet?)
3). SPACEHAB Short Tunnel (~22 inches)
4). SPACEHAB Logistics Single Module (LSM)
5). S5 Truss short spacer
6). External Stowage Platform (ESP)-3
That tunnel is not the 22 inch one, which was used on the first few missions without ODS
Also, it is SPACELAB Tunnel Adaptor -
#1318 by orbiter62995 on 22 Aug, 2010 19:52
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1). ODS
2). SPACEHAB Tunnel Adaptor (which is about 5 feet?)
3). SPACEHAB Short Tunnel (~22 inches)
4). SPACEHAB Logistics Single Module (LSM)
5). S5 Truss short spacer
6). External Stowage Platform (ESP)-3
That tunnel is not the 22 inch one, which was used on the first few missions without ODS
Also, it is SPACELAB Tunnel Adaptor
Okay, so how many tunnels are there, when were they used, and which one was used for STS-118? -
#1319 by Jim on 22 Aug, 2010 19:59
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Okay, so how many tunnels are there, when were they used, and which one was used for STS-118?
There might have been 4 different tunnels.
STS-107 had a unique one
MIR/ISS
the early missions
and the one for last two missions
