Author Topic: Space Ship Two - General Thread  (Read 748586 times)

Offline FutureSpaceTourist

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1300 on: 02/12/2014 07:11 am »
Wasn't there a quote from Elon Musk about the fourth launch of Falcon 1, that he was pretty worried, there was a real risk to the entire rocket business idea if Falcon 1 failed again?

I think that was rather different. Elon had run out of money, but after Falcon 1 flights 2 & 3 knew the rocket was basically a good design and had the performance, the question was whether there were any other issues that had been overlooked. IMHO Branson is only in a similar situation if he knows RM2 is ok.

Elon Musk levels of optimism.

But without SpaceX levels of achievement :(

Offline Danderman

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1301 on: 02/12/2014 10:35 pm »
Branson still claiming service entry this year:

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-10/branson-says-space-venture-to-fly-fare-paying-passenger-in-2014.html?cmpid=yhoo

The money quote is:

" fare-paying passenger to the edge of space"

meaning someone will pay money to fly close to space this year.




Offline Vultur

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1302 on: 02/13/2014 01:13 am »
Branson still claiming service entry this year:

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-10/branson-says-space-venture-to-fly-fare-paying-passenger-in-2014.html?cmpid=yhoo

The money quote is:

" fare-paying passenger to the edge of space"

meaning someone will pay money to fly close to space this year.

Yeah "edge of space" isn't really defined, it can mean pretty much anything in the stratosphere and up I think... high balloon flights are often said to go to the edge of space...

Offline parabolicarc

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1303 on: 02/13/2014 02:08 am »
Some thoughts on the engine status and schedule here:

http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/02/12/branson-im-flying-space-late-summer/

Also, a piece on Virgin's decision to not sell tickets to Chinese nationals, which I think was a smokescreen to distract attention away from Bower's claims:

http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/02/10/virgin-galactics-ban-selling-tickets-chinese-citizens/

Offline meadows.st

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1304 on: 02/13/2014 03:56 am »
Branson still claiming service entry this year:

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-10/branson-says-space-venture-to-fly-fare-paying-passenger-in-2014.html?cmpid=yhoo

The money quote is:

" fare-paying passenger to the edge of space"

meaning someone will pay money to fly close to space this year.

Full disclosure regarding my bias: I hope Virgin Galactic succeeds, I have been watching this development since the time of the SS1 development and testing process. 

I think it is interesting when mapping the testing process for both SS1 and SS2 that the pattern appears very similar although on a larger scale for SS2 (i.e. more testing since there will be FAA requirements, paying customers = potential loss of "civilian" life and a much longer design life for the vehicle(s)).  I have graphed the cumulative flight hours for WK2 and show the SS2 flights.  I can't seem to find my analysis on WK1/SS1 at the moment.  See attached picture of graph.

Parsing the "money quote" above from another perspective, "the edge of space" really depends on your perspective as follows: given that above the Karman line is taken as "space" by international convention, to me, anything within +/- some percentage (say 5 or 10%?) of that line would be the "edge of space".
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Offline parabolicarc

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1305 on: 02/14/2014 01:52 am »
Branson still claiming service entry this year:

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-10/branson-says-space-venture-to-fly-fare-paying-passenger-in-2014.html?cmpid=yhoo

The money quote is:

" fare-paying passenger to the edge of space"

meaning someone will pay money to fly close to space this year.

Full disclosure regarding my bias: I hope Virgin Galactic succeeds, I have been watching this development since the time of the SS1 development and testing process. 

I think it is interesting when mapping the testing process for both SS1 and SS2 that the pattern appears very similar although on a larger scale for SS2 (i.e. more testing since there will be FAA requirements, paying customers = potential loss of "civilian" life and a much longer design life for the vehicle(s)).  I have graphed the cumulative flight hours for WK2 and show the SS2 flights.  I can't seem to find my analysis on WK1/SS1 at the moment.  See attached picture of graph.

Parsing the "money quote" above from another perspective, "the edge of space" really depends on your perspective as follows: given that above the Karman line is taken as "space" by international convention, to me, anything within +/- some percentage (say 5 or 10%?) of that line would be the "edge of space".

SpaceShipOne and SpaceShipTwo testing can't be easily compared.

SpaceShipOne went through a very compressed flight test schedule. People were pretty surprised by just how few flights it involved. I believe the vehicle had 17 total flights, six under power. Three of those powered flights went to space a decade ago. The first one was June 21, 2004. Then there were a pair of Ansari X Prize flights in late September and early October. And the ship was the retired.

SpaceShipTwo has had no specific deadlines to meet to date that we know of, aside from Branson's various pronouncements about the start of commercial flights. There have been a bunch of glide flights but only three powered ones. The problem has been the engine development.

If we suddenly see a compressed flight schedule for SpaceShipTwo, then I would begin to worry that there are deadline pressures.
« Last Edit: 02/14/2014 01:54 am by parabolicarc »

Offline meadows.st

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1306 on: 02/14/2014 04:23 am »
I have no opinion (that I am willing to share) on the state of the engine development for SS2 and more importantly I have no first hand knowledge of the state of the SS2 RM2 development.

I found the WK1/SS1 data and I will refer to my last post (two posts up).

Comparing the two charts, and "normalizing" to account for the increased complexity, safety requirements and scale <waves hands at timescale and total flight hours> - the slopes and more importantly the gaps between resumption of testing/flight tests seem very similar between the two graphs (which makes sense for any flight test program IMHO). Only three powered flights so far for SS2 and I would expect on the order of 10 to 15 before even considering taking paying passengers but maybe I am too conservative.

Ground firings of RM1 prior to powered flight tests = 12 (4 full-duration)
Ground firings of RM2 prior to powered flight tests = 27 (27 "full-scale") *note different terminology - some are noted to be <full-duration

Test flights (captive and glide) of SS1 prior to powered flight = 10
Test flights (captive and glide) of SS2 prior to powered flight = 25

Powered flights of SS1 prior to >100km powered flight = 3
Powered flights of SS2 prior to >100km powered flight = unknown (currently at 3)

Flight tests of WK1 prior to CC of SS1 = 23
Flight tests of WK2 prior to CC of SS2 = 40

Total flights of WK1 prior to first >100km attempt = 59
Total flights of WK2 prior to first >100km attempt = unknown (currently at 149)

In short, the numbers would suggest double to triple the WK1/SS1 test regime as an expectation and the graphs look like somewhere between a 2 to 3 times stretch.  Time will tell, I just find the data to be quite interesting in its similarities. Branson has paying customers that must be eager to fly but Scaled/Allen had a looming deadline for the X-Prize and they just made with a couple of months to spare.  No one will ever know if Scaled would have pushed the powered flight testing so fast if they did not have a deadline and a number of competitors. (I thought that there was a deadline of doing the two flights within two weeks prior to Dec 31, 2004 but I can't find the reference now).

Note: while I initially thought the charts were self explanatory, I thought I should add that the cumulative flight time for the test pilots listed is cumulative for any time as pilot, copilot for any of the air/space crafts. I have only included the pilot time for the four highest totals in either test program.

EDIT: Added note to further explain the charts.
« Last Edit: 02/15/2014 06:59 pm by meadows.st »
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Offline parabolicarc

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1307 on: 02/14/2014 08:02 pm »
I have no opinion (that I am willing to share) on the state of the engine development for SS2 and more importantly I have no first hand knowledge of the state of the SS2 RM2 development.

I found the WK1/SS1 data and I will refer to my last post (two posts up).

Comparing the two charts, and "normalizing" to account for the increased complexity, safety requirements and scale <waves hands at timescale and total flight hours> - the slopes and more importantly the gaps between resumption of testing/flight tests seem very similar between the two graphs (which makes sense for any flight test program IMHO). Only three powered flights so far for SS2 and I would expect on the order of 10 to 15 before even considering taking paying passengers but maybe I am too conservative.

Ground firings of RM1 prior to powered flight tests = 12 (4 full-duration)
Ground firings of RM2 prior to powered flight tests = 27 (27 "full-scale") *note different terminology - some are noted to be <full-duration

Test flights (captive and glide) of SS1 prior to powered flight = 10
Test flights (captive and glide) of SS2 prior to powered flight = 25

Powered flights of SS1 prior to >100km powered flight = 3
Powered flights of SS2 prior to >100km powered flight = unknown (currently at 3)

Flight tests of WK1 prior to CC of SS1 = 23
Flight tests of WK2 prior to CC of SS2 = 40

Total flights of WK1 prior to first >100km attempt = 59
Total flights of WK2 prior to first >100km attempt = unknown (currently at 149)

In short, the numbers would suggest double to triple the WK1/SS1 test regime as an expectation and the graphs look like somewhere between a 2 to 3 times stretch.  Time will tell, I just find the data to be quite interesting in its similarities. Branson has paying customers that must be eager to fly but Scaled/Allen had a looming deadline for the X-Prize and they just made with a couple of months to spare.  No one will ever know if Scaled would have pushed the powered flight testing so fast if they did not have a deadline and a number of competitors. (I thought that there was a deadline of doing the two flights within two weeks prior to Dec 31, 2004 but I can't find the reference now).

The Scaled Composites RM2 hot fire summaries are not very informative. Some of the entries cover nitrous-rubber hot fires, others nitrous-nylon. There may be some other types of engines thrown in there.  It's difficult to know precisely what was tested for any given entry, and in many cases hot fire durations are not listed. It's not clear when they decided to begin testing engines that didn't burn rubber.

Static hot fires of nylon and rubber engines have continued right through the powered flight test program, which tells you they're still trying to work out problems with the designs. In fact, the FAA environmental assessment of the flight tests published in May 2012 indicated emissions for nylon and rubber engines, so that effort has likely been ongoing for the past two years.

There will now be a significant gap in flights because the version of the rubber engine they have flown with can't be fired longer than 20 seconds. They now have to install another type of engine into SS2 before powered flights can resume.

Correct me if I'm wrong, but once Scaled decided on an engine contractor for SSOne, they didn't go test completely different types of hybrids to figure out which one to use.

Ten to 15 flights into space before the first commercial mission with Branson aboard might be sufficient, depending upon how well they went. The question is whether they will do so. If they don't, then they will be compressing the schedule and that will raise some serious questions about whether they are putting safety first.

Offline meadows.st

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1308 on: 02/17/2014 09:23 pm »
Static hot fires of nylon and rubber engines have continued right through the powered flight test program, which tells you they're still trying to work out problems with the designs. ...

Correct me if I'm wrong, but once Scaled decided on an engine contractor for SSOne, they didn't go test completely different types of hybrids to figure out which one to use.

I agree that the start of powered flights coincided with the termination* of RM1 static tests but I don't know if I can necessarily draw the same conclusion that they are "trying to work out problems" from the available data. Playing devil's advocate to this assertion, I find it consistent that they are continuing to evaluate the long term reliability of RM2 given that it will be have paying customers as well as simultaneously testing the effects of upgrades.

There will now be a significant gap in flights because the version of the rubber engine they have flown with can't be fired longer than 20 seconds. They now have to install another type of engine into SS2 before powered flights can resume.

I was initially puzzled about why the PF03 fire duration (20 sec) was the same as PF02 until I realized that I might be inclined to do the same thing to evaluate the effect of the reflective coating in order to have a control with the prior test.  One week after PF03, they performed another EA Checkride (GF28) which provides support for (but obviously does not prove) the hypothesis that they are seeking to reduce uncertainty related to the craft (it is silent on the question of RM2 development).  I remain hopeful that the pattern of flight test frequency will trend upward soon (~1 to 2 months between PF tests has not been uncommon in either development project) - you seem to have inside information so I am not saying you are wrong regarding the reason for the delay for the next PF but I sincerely hope you are. ;)

Ten to 15 flights into space before the first commercial mission with Branson aboard might be sufficient, depending upon how well they went. The question is whether they will do so. If they don't, then they will be compressing the schedule and that will raise some serious questions about whether they are putting safety first.

I agree.

Overall, while I have previously drawn parallels between WK1/SS1 and WK2/SS2 development, I believe they are (and should be) substantially different in terms of their intended purpose (win a prize by flying to "the edge of space" <5 times while risking only a single, well informed occupant vs. fly repeatedly to the edge of space with (wealthy and presumably powerful) paying passengers with profitably/sufficiently low operating costs).

* there are no tests for RM1 listed in their test logs and while it is possible that they performed other RM1 static tests after starting PF testing, IMHO it is unlikely given the history of posting positive and negative test results during WK1/SS1 development/testing.
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Offline parabolicarc

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1309 on: 02/18/2014 04:52 pm »
Static hot fires of nylon and rubber engines have continued right through the powered flight test program, which tells you they're still trying to work out problems with the designs. ...

Correct me if I'm wrong, but once Scaled decided on an engine contractor for SSOne, they didn't go test completely different types of hybrids to figure out which one to use.

I agree that the start of powered flights coincided with the termination* of RM1 static tests but I don't know if I can necessarily draw the same conclusion that they are "trying to work out problems" from the available data. Playing devil's advocate to this assertion, I find it consistent that they are continuing to evaluate the long term reliability of RM2 given that it will be have paying customers as well as simultaneously testing the effects of upgrades.

There will now be a significant gap in flights because the version of the rubber engine they have flown with can't be fired longer than 20 seconds. They now have to install another type of engine into SS2 before powered flights can resume.

I was initially puzzled about why the PF03 fire duration (20 sec) was the same as PF02 until I realized that I might be inclined to do the same thing to evaluate the effect of the reflective coating in order to have a control with the prior test.  One week after PF03, they performed another EA Checkride (GF28) which provides support for (but obviously does not prove) the hypothesis that they are seeking to reduce uncertainty related to the craft (it is silent on the question of RM2 development).  I remain hopeful that the pattern of flight test frequency will trend upward soon (~1 to 2 months between PF tests has not been uncommon in either development project) - you seem to have inside information so I am not saying you are wrong regarding the reason for the delay for the next PF but I sincerely hope you are. ;)

Ten to 15 flights into space before the first commercial mission with Branson aboard might be sufficient, depending upon how well they went. The question is whether they will do so. If they don't, then they will be compressing the schedule and that will raise some serious questions about whether they are putting safety first.

I agree.

Overall, while I have previously drawn parallels between WK1/SS1 and WK2/SS2 development, I believe they are (and should be) substantially different in terms of their intended purpose (win a prize by flying to "the edge of space" <5 times while risking only a single, well informed occupant vs. fly repeatedly to the edge of space with (wealthy and presumably powerful) paying passengers with profitably/sufficiently low operating costs).

* there are no tests for RM1 listed in their test logs and while it is possible that they performed other RM1 static tests after starting PF testing, IMHO it is unlikely given the history of posting positive and negative test results during WK1/SS1 development/testing.

My information is based on tests I have witnessed personally and on the ground and what sources have told me about them and the state of the program. Here are the facts:

The engine they have flown with would shake the ship apart if they tried to fire it long enough to reach space.

They've tested alternatives on the ground.

They now have to install one of these engines in the ship so they can test it in flight.

The required modifications to the ship will take many months.

Testing is continuing on an alternative nylon-rubber hybrid that would give the ship better performance.

Branson's goal of flying in late summer or even the fall would probably only happen after a shortened flight test program, or it might even involve him flying during the flight test program.

Offline parabolicarc

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1310 on: 02/18/2014 10:16 pm »
Virgin Galactic just named a new CFO:

http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/02/18/virgin-galactic-vice-president-departs-cfo-named/

He replaces Ken Sunshine.

It's Virgin's third high-level departure in the past two months. The vice presidents of propulsion and safety left in December.

Offline vt_hokie

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1311 on: 02/19/2014 05:09 am »
Well, Branson it still putting on a show of confidence but the proof is in the pudding.  I have to imagine they're about due for another test flight by now...

Offline meadows.st

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1312 on: 02/19/2014 05:12 pm »
Virgin Galactic just named a new CFO:

http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/02/18/virgin-galactic-vice-president-departs-cfo-named/

He replaces Ken Sunshine.

It's Virgin's third high-level departure in the past two months. The vice presidents of propulsion and safety left in December.

Certainly a concerning set of developments and certainly a mixed message compared to the 2 or 3 new job postings each week I see on the Virgin Galactic Twitter feed (although not mutually exclusive in terms of story consistency).

Well, Branson it still putting on a show of confidence but the proof is in the pudding.  I have to imagine they're about due for another test flight by now...

I agree with the proof being in the pudding (and not surprised with the show of confidence in any eventuality). I sincerely hope that @parabolicarc is wrong and we will see a new flight test soon (I expect an EA checkride first). 

Wasn't it the case in SS1 that the entire hybrid motor casing was designed to be replaceable (within under two weeks)? It is surprising that they wouldn't have taken the same approach with SS2. Perhaps if the Nylon/Rubber hypothesis is correct, the grain geometry / fuel density is dramatically different such that the casing must be sufficiently different in size (to the existing) that significant fuselage or attachment points must be changed?  I find it hard to believe that the thrust will be much different than the original design spec.

Sadly, I will just have to curb my curiosity until I see new concrete developments - after all, I am not a paying customer (yet) and I don't have any stock in the company so my interest is only technical and personal.
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Offline banjo

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1313 on: 02/19/2014 09:12 pm »
what is the SNC exposure in this fiasco.   will the ( financial ) buck stop with them if SS2 cannot be made to work or do they have an out?

Offline vt_hokie

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1314 on: 02/19/2014 10:53 pm »
what is the SNC exposure in this fiasco.   will the ( financial ) buck stop with them if SS2 cannot be made to work or do they have an out?

That is a very good question.  Also, what are the performance and safety implications for Dream Chaser if the hybrid motors are proving to fall short?

Offline Ben the Space Brit

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1315 on: 02/21/2014 11:27 am »
what is the SNC exposure in this fiasco.   will the ( financial ) buck stop with them if SS2 cannot be made to work or do they have an out?

That is a very good question.  Also, what are the performance and safety implications for Dream Chaser if the hybrid motors are proving to fall short?

SS2's motor has a limiting factor in that it is an upscale of SS1's and, if I understand the discussion, that is one of the problems. DreamChaser's motors are going to be bespoke-designed from scratch so there is probably more flexibility to get it right.
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Offline Star One

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Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1316 on: 02/21/2014 09:21 pm »
So here we have seemingly two opposing viewpoints on their progress.

Quote
Richard Branson has reiterated his plan to fly with his children on the inaugural flight of his long-planned commercial space operation, Virgin Galactic, despite the relatively untested nature of the technology and a departure date which has slipped repeatedly.

"Everybody who signs up knows this is the birth of a new space programme and understands the risks that go with that," Branson said in an interview for Weekend magazine at Virgin Galactic's base in the Mojave desert north of Los Angeles. "But every person wants to go on the first flight."

While insisting his plan is credible and the first flight, reaching 62 miles above the Earth, will take place later this year – he has previously promised it for this autumn – Branson admits how difficult it has been to overcome the exacting safety expectations of a commercial space operation.

He said: "The biggest worry I had was re-entry. Nasa has lost about 3% of everyone who's gone into space, and re-entry has been their biggest problem.

"For a government-owned company, you can just about get away with losing 3% of your clients. For a private company you can't really lose anybody. Nobody we met had anything but the conventional risky re-entry mechanism that Nasa had. We were waiting for someone to come up with one that was foolproof."

The journalist and author Tom Bower, who has just published a biography of Branson, says he believes SpaceShipTwo's engine will need to be redesigned before it can achieve Branson's stated aims, making a full-blown space flight by autumn extremely unlikely.

"The rocket still hasn't flown at the required speed and to the required height," Bower said. "The point about his rocket is it's very primitive. He's burning rubber with nitrous oxide, and it's never been done before for that size of rocket.

"For the last 10 years he'd been trying to make it work for the extended rocket and it just isn't working. Where's the evidence he can make it work in the next six months?"

http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/21/richard-branson-first-virgin-galactic-space-flight
« Last Edit: 02/21/2014 09:26 pm by Star One »

Offline QuantumG

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1317 on: 02/22/2014 12:31 am »
I don't understand how "informed consent" can ever be applied to children. Presumably this is one of those situations where their parent/guardian can consent on their behalf.
Human spaceflight is basically just LARPing now.

Online Comga

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1318 on: 02/22/2014 02:52 am »
I don't understand how "informed consent" can ever be applied to children. Presumably this is one of those situations where their parent/guardian can consent on their behalf.

Perhaps it is the dual use of the word "children" in American English. ;)
1) Children as in progeny, regardless of age
2) Children as in little kids, minors, young ones
In the quoted article Richard Branson's "children" are both adults in their mid twenties or so.   
Unless that was a general statement out of the blue...
What kind of wastrels would dump a perfectly good booster in the ocean after just one use?

Offline parabolicarc

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Re: Space Ship Two - General Thread
« Reply #1319 on: 02/22/2014 04:09 pm »
So here we have seemingly two opposing viewpoints on their progress.

Quote
Richard Branson has reiterated his plan to fly with his children on the inaugural flight of his long-planned commercial space operation, Virgin Galactic, despite the relatively untested nature of the technology and a departure date which has slipped repeatedly.

"Everybody who signs up knows this is the birth of a new space programme and understands the risks that go with that," Branson said in an interview for Weekend magazine at Virgin Galactic's base in the Mojave desert north of Los Angeles. "But every person wants to go on the first flight."

While insisting his plan is credible and the first flight, reaching 62 miles above the Earth, will take place later this year – he has previously promised it for this autumn – Branson admits how difficult it has been to overcome the exacting safety expectations of a commercial space operation.

He said: "The biggest worry I had was re-entry. Nasa has lost about 3% of everyone who's gone into space, and re-entry has been their biggest problem.

"For a government-owned company, you can just about get away with losing 3% of your clients. For a private company you can't really lose anybody. Nobody we met had anything but the conventional risky re-entry mechanism that Nasa had. We were waiting for someone to come up with one that was foolproof."

The journalist and author Tom Bower, who has just published a biography of Branson, says he believes SpaceShipTwo's engine will need to be redesigned before it can achieve Branson's stated aims, making a full-blown space flight by autumn extremely unlikely.

"The rocket still hasn't flown at the required speed and to the required height," Bower said. "The point about his rocket is it's very primitive. He's burning rubber with nitrous oxide, and it's never been done before for that size of rocket.

"For the last 10 years he'd been trying to make it work for the extended rocket and it just isn't working. Where's the evidence he can make it work in the next six months?"

http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/21/richard-branson-first-virgin-galactic-space-flight

Burt Rutan's feather re-entry system was a true breakthrough. It's really clever. But, this rest of Branson's claims are questionable.

1.  Re-entry has been NASA's biggest problem. Columbia was lost due to a shuttle tile problem. However, Challenger was lost in a launch accident. And the Apollo 1 crew burned up in a launch pad fire in the spacecraft during a test.

Re-entry was the Soviet Union's biggest problem. Soyuz 1 was lost due to multiple malfunctions with the spacecraft. It wasn't ready to be flown with human yet. Soyuz 11 was lost due to decompression in space. The Soyuz 11 crew didn't have spacesuits. Nor will the crew and passengers aboard SpaceShipTwo. Virgin has learned little from that accident.

The Soyuz was redesigned after each accident. It hasn't suffered a fatality in 43 years. NASA is no longer flying space shuttles.

2.  Although Rutan's feather system is a real innovation, the hybrid engine is not. There is genuine concern over the use of nitrous oxide. It can go off on its own. You have a real possibility that a flaw in the propulsion system during launch could doom a SpaceShipTwo vehicle -- much as the O-ring failure doomed Challenger.

3.  Everyone knows the risks. You wouldn't know them from reading Virgin Galactic's safety page. It says the nitrous-rubber engine is benign, envrionnentally friendly and totally safe. Customers buy tickets based on those assurances. Only right before they're ready to fly are they presented with the informed consent documentation. The informed consent regime has a real mismatch between the waiver and the materials dreamed up by the marketing department.

4.  Branson isn't going all the way to space. Actually, Sierra Nevada Corp. has found a way to stabilize the engine. However, the mods required to SS2 means that Branson isn't going to 62 miles. He may get above 50 miles, which is the USAF standard.

When that will happen is unclear. They're aiming for this year, but the mods to SpaceShipTwo for the modified engine are going to take months. It's probably they will have to start again with captive carries and glide tests due to changes in center of gravity. If he flies, it will be during a very shortened test flight program.
 

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