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#1500
by
Almurray1958
on 02 Dec, 2008 11:52
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What airport is INN? I assume it's not Innsbruck, Austria?
According to the IATA airport code designation it is
# INN (LOWI) - Innsbruck Kranebitten Airport - Innsbruck, Austria
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#1501
by
nomadd22
on 02 Dec, 2008 12:41
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This is not really a question, but... If NASA decides to stop shuttle program in 2010 as planned, could Leonardo be modified so it would be another module on ISS? It would be great to have Leonardo as some kind of living room for ISS astronauts.
There are plans to leave Donatello attatched, but the modifications are on hold till the next administration makes the decision.
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#1502
by
Mach25
on 02 Dec, 2008 13:20
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What airport is INN? I assume it's not Innsbruck, Austria?
According to the IATA airport code designation it is
# INN (LOWI) - Innsbruck Kranebitten Airport - Innsbruck, Austria
In Shuttle parlance, INN is Shannon, Ireland. ICAO ID: EINN.
INN is considered an emergency landing site for launch aborts. If the vehicle has already passed by all US East Coast and Canadian landing sites, INN is one of the first European sites they could reach. Although the preferred TAL abort sites are still in Spain and France as long as they can be reached.
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#1503
by
mkirk
on 02 Dec, 2008 13:42
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What airport is INN? I assume it's not Innsbruck, Austria?
According to the IATA airport code designation it is
# INN (LOWI) - Innsbruck Kranebitten Airport - Innsbruck, Austria
In Shuttle parlance, INN is Shannon, Ireland. ICAO ID: EINN.
INN is considered an emergency landing site for launch aborts. If the vehicle has already passed by all US East Coast and Canadian landing sites, INN is one of the first European sites they could reach. Although the preferred TAL abort sites are still in Spain and France as long as they can be reached.
Yes Shannon (INN) is used for some ascent abort scenarios but in the context of the poster’s (FINN) original question Shannon is available during entry to KSC if the Prebank maneuver is not able to make up for the Delta V deficiency that results from a severe underburn (i.e. deorbit burn was not completed in its entirety).
Mark Kirkman
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#1504
by
mkirk
on 02 Dec, 2008 13:44
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I have a question about the ejector seats that were fitted in Columbia for the first few flights. How exactly did the ejection sequence work? On a normal aircraft the canopy will either shatter or be jettisoned prior to the seat being fired upwards. How did this work in the shuttle? Obviously there is no canopy above the crew - just panels of instruments and switches!
Panels (Cutouts) in the crew module structure above the CDR & PLT were blown as part of the sequence.
Mark Kirkman
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#1505
by
mkirk
on 02 Dec, 2008 14:06
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At the intermediate part of a reentry the crew says something like that from now on "Close look guidance" systems (from the ground?) are in effect...
Do you guys know what exactly is meant by the special NASA space-shutlle term "Close look guidance"? I unfortunately didnt find something useable about at the net...thats why I am asking here...
KR
Susan
The actuall term/call out is "Closed Loop Guidance" which is the point in Entry when the Guidance system corrects for deviations from the planned trajectory in an iterative process. In other words the computers keep asking themselves (figuratively speaking) "Where am I?" Where do I need to be?" What do I need to do to get there?" The process of making this continuous evaluation is reffered to as a guidance cycle and occurs constantly throughout the rest of the Entry at a rate of around once every 1.9 seconds.
Prior to this point - after the de-orbit burn - the shuttle guidance scheme is considered to be "Open Loop". The orbiter maintains a fixed, wings level, nose up attitude (angle of attack 40 degrees) and does not correct/compensate for deviations from the planned trajectory until Closed Loop Guidance is initiated at a dynamic pressure of around 8 pounds per square foot.
Mark Kirkman
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#1506
by
Finn
on 02 Dec, 2008 18:43
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In Shuttle parlance, INN is Shannon, Ireland.
Thanks Mark and Mach25!
the poster’s (FINN) original question
LOL
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#1507
by
JonC
on 03 Dec, 2008 15:30
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I was curious why the drag chute was not used until later in the STS program. (I believe Endeavour was the first shuttle to use it.) Obviously, the location under the tail was available on the orbiters at the time of their construction. I also had a book as a kid (circa 1979) that showed a shuttle landing with a drag chute deployed from the same spot under the tail.
My best guess is that the chutes were not used in order to save weight and increase payload.
I couldn't find an answer with search.
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#1508
by
rdale
on 03 Dec, 2008 15:41
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It was discussed in one of the MIT OCW lectures, you are correct - it was planned at the onset then removed.
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#1509
by
Susan27
on 03 Dec, 2008 19:41
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Thanks Mark and all you other guys at NSF for answering my incoming questions...I appreciate this very much...
Kind regards
Susan
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#1510
by
Susan27
on 04 Dec, 2008 08:05
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Hi,
in the meantime some more questions aroused when looking at reentry material:
1) Shuttle`s speedbrake: From what I know the speedbrake of the orbiter is set to "auto" during the whole phase of reentry & landing:
I now wonder what exact speeds the DAP(?) tries to maintain with the help of the speedbrake in auto-mode...? I am specially interested at the speeds at Flight Levels 800 and below until touchdown...
2) Arming the landing gear:
Do you know why the landing gear is armed not before reaching 3000 ft AGL - why so late...? Why for example it isnt armed at 20.000 feet or so...is there a special reason for arming so lately...?
3) Bytheway: What exactly happens when the landing gear is armed (pneumatics/hydraulics etc.)?
Thanks very much!
Kind regards
Susan
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#1511
by
C5C6
on 04 Dec, 2008 14:21
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before shuttles landed in KSC, where did the SCA landed and why didn't the shuttle landed on that runway??
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#1512
by
rdale
on 04 Dec, 2008 15:30
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The shuttles landed at Edwards AFB for the most part - one at White Sands NM. I'm not sure what your question about the SCA means.
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#1513
by
bobthemonkey
on 04 Dec, 2008 15:33
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I think the question where did the SCA land at KSC when returning the orbiter from Edw?
There is another runway at Kennedy, to the south of the SLF.
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#1514
by
Jones36
on 04 Dec, 2008 15:50
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As far as I can remember the SCA landed on the same runway 15/33 as the orbiters have.
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#1515
by
Ronsmytheiii
on 04 Dec, 2008 15:59
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As far as I can remember the SCA landed on the same runway 15/33 as the orbiters have.
It does, there is a mate/demate device there. Also there is not another runway at KSC.
15/33 did exist during the test program, they landed at Edwards because there were big long dry lake runways there.
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#1516
by
mkirk
on 04 Dec, 2008 16:04
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It landed at the skid strip when the other SCA and an orbiter were in the MDD
Mark Kirkman
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#1517
by
mkirk
on 04 Dec, 2008 18:14
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Hi,
in the meantime some more questions aroused when looking at reentry material:
1) Shuttle`s speedbrake: From what I know the speedbrake of the orbiter is set to "auto" during the whole phase of reentry & landing:
I now wonder what exact speeds the DAP(?) tries to maintain with the help of the speedbrake in auto-mode...? I am specially interested at the speeds at Flight Levels 800 and below until touchdown...
Susan
While the orbiter is supersonic the speedbrake is acting as a trim device and is positioned based on Mach number. As the shuttle goes subsonic the speedbrake will initially act as an energy management device – this helps when dealing with high wind situations while approaching and flying around the HAC. From 9000 feet down to about 3000, feet while the shuttle orbiter is on the outer glideslope, the speedbrake will control airspeed (~300 KEAS). Below 3000 it works to control the orbiter’s touchdown point.
Mark Kirkman
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#1518
by
mkirk
on 04 Dec, 2008 18:45
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Hi,
in the meantime some more questions aroused when looking at reentry material:
2) Arming the landing gear:
Do you know why the landing gear is armed not before reaching 3000 ft AGL - why so late...? Why for example it isnt armed at 20.000 feet or so...is there a special reason for arming so lately...?
3) Bytheway: What exactly happens when the landing gear is armed (pneumatics/hydraulics etc.)?
Thanks very much!
Kind regards
Susan
Arming of the landing gear deploy function occurs as the space shuttle orbiter descends thru 2000 feet. My best guess as to why this doesn’t happen any earlier is waiting protects against inadvertent deployment too early in the approach. The gear essentially act as high drag devices and early deployment could really ruin your day – especially if you were already in a low energy condition. Although unlikely, the gear could be intentionally deployed early in a high energy situation in an effort to increase drag and thus decrease energy.
Deployment is a two pushbutton process (referred to as “Arm, Fire”). The ARM pushbutton, usually actuated by the pilot in the right seat on the commander’s call after passing 2000 feet, will energize the latching relays for the Landing Gear Extend Valves and arm the pyrotechnic initiator controllers for both the nose and main gear.
The DN (Down) pushbutton, usually depressed by the pilot on a call from the commander at 300 feet (+/- 100 feet), will energize the extend valves open allowing hydraulic pressure (from system 1) to the landing gear uplock and strut actuators and also to the nose wheel steering switching valve thus initiating deployment. If the uplock sensors do not detect release of the landing gear within 1 second then the pyrotechnic initiator controllers will fire the pyros to initiate release of the uplock hooks. Although it may not sound like it, this is an oversimplification of the deployment sequence but I think it answers your question.
Mark Kirkman
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#1519
by
Jones36
on 05 Dec, 2008 04:28
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It landed at the skid strip when the other SCA and an orbiter were in the MDD
Mark Kirkman
Hmm, I never figured they would have had both of them there at the same time.
