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SLS / Orion / Beyond-LEO HSF - Constellation => Orion and Exploration Vehicles => Topic started by: mike robel on 08/28/2006 12:39 am

Title: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: mike robel on 08/28/2006 12:39 am
It just occured to me with all the post 2016 postings going on, that the CEV is only going to be used to do crew exchange for the ISS from 2014 to 2016, so that is, at best, 4 flights, preseuming they keep the 6 month crew rotations.  (Personally, I think crew rotations should extend to a year to better simulate Mars missions and see the effects on astronauts.)

How many flights will then occur between 2016 and 2020 when we (maybe) return to the moon?

If we follow the sequence of Apollo missions, there could be I suppose three precursor missions:

1.  Ares I and Ares V launch to Earth Orbit to shake out the boosters, rendevous techniques, and LSAM, like Apollo 9.

2.  Ares I and Ares V launch to Moon Orbit for a reherasal for the lunar landing, Like Apollo 10.

3. Ares I and Ares V launch for 1st return to the moon lunar landing attempt.

I don't see any need for an Apollo 8 like mission, nor do I think the system will be capable of it without the LSAM.

So, what does the CEV do in between the last crew return in 2016 or so, and the first lunar program launches in say, 2019?

On the other hand, according to the NASA web site, development flights for the COTS boosters and CXV are to start in 2008-2010.  In case no one noticed, that is only 2 years away.  Does anyone really think they can develop the booster and spacecraft in 2 years, while NASA is taking 8 to develop the CEV?

What is the point of using the CEV to resupply/man the station in 2016, if the COTS effort succeeds?

Would it not be "better" then to develop a single vehicle and a three launch architecture to go to the moon:

Launch 1:  CEV
Launch 2:  LSAM
Launch 3:  Tanker flight to refuel LSAM 2nd stage for LOI  (as much as I am againt the whole idea of tankers and orbital refueling, since it is probably safer and cheaper to use a larger launch vehicle instead of multiple launches for refueling and assembly.)

This would allow for a heavier CEV that might be used for extended manned lunar orbital operations while part of the crew is on the lunar surface?


Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: kraisee on 08/28/2006 01:09 am
Mike, the difference between what COTS is trying to do vs. what CEV must do, is incomparable.   One is the post office delivering a letter, the other is like trying to deliver a guided bunker buster bomb!

Even COTS Phase 2 will only offer limited cargo delivery to ISS.

If COTS Phase 3 ever happens, it won't be until after CEV has already flown.   It might offer manned capability to LEO, but it still won't include 6/9 month automated loiter times around a different planetary body than Earth.   It won't offer propellant and MPS reliability sufficient to perform an absolutely essential TEI burn.   It won't offer ten man-days of life support for 4 crew either.   And it won't be designed to re-enter at more than 25,000mph either.

Those are all critical factors which CEV is being designed to do.

If private industry can produce something which can do CEV's job better, or for less, then NASA will probably buy it.   But they have yet to put a single satellite into orbit.   NASA's not waiting to see if they ever are, ore are not, successful.

Ross.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: astrobrian on 08/28/2006 01:30 am
Bigelow has a "satellite" in orbit so that is not entirely true
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: mike robel on 08/28/2006 01:49 am
Ross, I grant all your points, but you miss my point.

After 2016, theoretically, there is no ISS, right?  So what are we going to do with the CEV for the 4 years in between 2016 and 2020?

For that matter, what will the COTS be used for after the ISS is out of service?   Now that I think about I am losing my enthusiam for the COTS program too.  Another potential waste of moeny when we could, after the shuttle is retired, just contract with the Russians and Europeans for the Soyuz, Progress, and ATV to provide crew and supplies.  Save all the money for the VSE.

Revising my program scenairo from the first message, it could look like this:

CLV/CEV Launches
2008 - 4 segment/dummy upperstage/dummy CEV launch
2009 (?)  2 x full up unmanned Ares I launches?
Jan 2010:  1st Manned CEV launch, development flight, does not dock with ISS
Mar 2010:  2nd Manned CEV Launch, development flight, docks with ISS
Jun 2010:  3rd Manned CEV Launch, docks with ISS and is used for crew exchange.  Station complete, Shuttle retired
Jan 2011:  2nd CEV crew rotation
July 2011:  3rd rotation
Jan 2012:  4th Rotation
July 2012:  5th Rotation
Jan 2013:  6th Rotation
July 2013:  7th Rotation
Jan 2014:  8th Rotation
July 2014:  9th Rotation
Jan 2015:  10th Rotation
July 2015:  11th Rotation
Jan 2016:  12th Rotation
Jul 2016:  13th Rotation
Jan 2017:  CEV used to return last ISS crew to Earth, ISS deorbited
Jan 2018:  1st Ares V test launch, no payload?
July 2018:  2nd Ares V test launch, no payload?
Jan 2019:  Unmanned Ares V with an LSAM on it, like Apollo 5 (LM only launch)
July 2019: Dual launch to LEO with CEV on Ares 1 and LSAM on Ares 5.
Jan 2020:  Dual launch to Lunar orbit for landing rehearsal.
July 2020:  Dual Launch to the moon for first landing attempt.

Maybe the sequence doesn't look all that bad...

Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Jim on 08/28/2006 02:35 am
Nowhere does it say that COTS phase 1 winners are COTS phase 2.  COTS phase 2 is an open competition and Atlas or Delta paired with the HTV or ATV could win.  Or a COTS phase 1 loser.

There still are unmanned CEV cargo flights.  COTS doesn't cover it all
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: RedSky on 08/28/2006 03:13 am
To go even further down the road of the title of this thread... what does the CEV do after ISS (2016) if a future administration cancels the CaLV and moon program.  The Stick CLV can't even launch some type of "orbital module" for experiments.  The CEV is probably too small to have any such equipment.
That's why I've always thought a more capable (or over-capable) LV like the "Direct"  is prudent.  It insures we still could have some form of meaningful "space program" in the future , and not just a "manned access to space capability".  In light of possible uncoming changes in the administration, budget deficits just waiting to hit the fan, inflation due to high gas prices, etc...  wouldn't it be better to get as capable a vehicle as you can... as soon as you can?  I'm just afraid well have access to space in 2016, but with with no ISS and no moon program, what do you do with the CLV/CEV?  
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: kraisee on 08/28/2006 05:58 am
Quote
mike robel - 27/8/2006  9:36 PM

For that matter, what will the COTS be used for after the ISS is out of service?   Now that I think about I am losing my enthusiam for the COTS program too.  Another potential waste of moeny when we could, after the shuttle is retired, just contract with the Russians and Europeans for the Soyuz, Progress, and ATV to provide crew and supplies.  Save all the money for the VSE.

That is a very valid point, but the government wants to fund some new industry development, and the vehicle they chose to do this was NASA.   They gave extra money to NASA to cover the cost of that program though, so it's okay.   If it inspires some future industry competition, its not a bad thing though.


Quote
After 2016, theoretically, there is no ISS, right?  So what are we going to do with the CEV for the 4 years in between 2016 and 2020?

Revising my program scenairo from the first message, it could look like this:

CLV/CEV Launches
[SNIP]
Jul 2016:  13th Rotation
Jan 2017:  CEV used to return last ISS crew to Earth, ISS deorbited
Jan 2018:  1st Ares V test launch, no payload?
July 2018:  2nd Ares V test launch, no payload?
Jan 2019:  Unmanned Ares V with an LSAM on it, like Apollo 5 (LM only launch)
July 2019: Dual launch to LEO with CEV on Ares 1 and LSAM on Ares 5.
Jan 2020:  Dual launch to Lunar orbit for landing rehearsal.
July 2020:  Dual Launch to the moon for first landing attempt.

Maybe the sequence doesn't look all that bad...

Actually Mike, NASA has been trying, since the VSE was announced, to have the first manned landing in 2018.   I'm unaware that anything has changed that aim yet.   Further, there has been a lot of recent talk throughout NASA's management about trying to accelerate that schedule to 2017, or maybe even sooner.   That would bring all the Ares-V missions in your table forward two, or perhaps even three years - and that erases any gap completely.

Of course, if CaLV is cancelled by an anti-NASA goverment, we're all totally screwed.

Ahem.   Hint, hint: "Direct" [cough, splutter].   Sorry, couldn't resist... ;)

Ross.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: kraisee on 08/28/2006 06:06 am
Quote
RedSky - 27/8/2006  11:00 PM

To go even further down the road of the title of this thread... what does the CEV do after ISS (2016) if a future administration cancels the CaLV and moon program.  The Stick CLV can't even launch some type of "orbital module" for experiments.  The CEV is probably too small to have any such equipment.
That's why I've always thought a more capable (or over-capable) LV like the "Direct"  is prudent.  It insures we still could have some form of meaningful "space program" in the future , and not just a "manned access to space capability".  In light of possible uncoming changes in the administration, budget deficits just waiting to hit the fan, inflation due to high gas prices, etc...  wouldn't it be better to get as capable a vehicle as you can... as soon as you can?  I'm just afraid well have access to space in 2016, but with with no ISS and no moon program, what do you do with the CLV/CEV?  

RedSky,
Yes, it would be nice if the CLV had the capability to bring up extra payload with it, wouldn't it?

A solution which offered more payload capacity than just 25mT would allow any useful payload modules to go up with the CEV to be worked on up there.   I could forsee SpaceHab modules, deliveries for ISS, repair equipment for another Hubble servicing mission could all be brought up in a payload shroud similar to the Saturn SLA, if only the CLV were larger and could lift a lot more mass.

Ahem. Hint, hint: "Direct" [cough, splutter]. Sorry, couldn't resist... Again... ;)

Ross.
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: mike robel on 08/28/2006 09:09 am
Quote
kraisee - 28/8/2006  1:45 AM

Actually Mike, NASA has been trying, since the VSE was announced, to have the first manned landing in 2018.   I'm unaware that anything has changed that aim yet.   Further, there has been a lot of recent talk throughout NASA's management about trying to accelerate that schedule to 2017, or maybe even sooner.   That would bring all the Ares-V missions in your table forward two, or perhaps even three years - and that erases any gap completely.

Of course, if CaLV is cancelled by an anti-NASA goverment, we're all totally screwed.

Ahem.   Hint, hint: "Direct" [cough, splutter].   Sorry, couldn't resist... ;)

Ross.

While you may be getting the 2018 date from your sources, the NASA release naming Orion specifies the 2020 date...
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: kraisee on 08/28/2006 09:45 am
Mike,
The official line has always been "no later than 2020", and that's exactly what it says on NASA's own Orion Announcement page.   But the plan has always been 2018.   They think they can do it on time, but this still allows them plenty of "slippage" and yet not dissapoint anyone.

And Griffin recently said something in an interview I caught on TV where he said (paraphrasing) that they were attempting to bring the schedule forward from the current 2018 date.

It will be about 8 years after STS is retired, at the end of 2010, before CaLV, LSAM & EDS are all ready to fly operationally.   Which places the nominal date around 2018.

But one obvious way they could accelerate that plan is if they can retire STS in 2009 by sticking to the expedited current schedule of STS flights which ends in 2009.   If that happens, NASA can sink the money in a year earlier and the whole 8-year development program could be brought forward to 2017.

With SRB development and J-2X development now both brought forward to be ready for the earlier CLV program, there's considerably less work required later for developing the CaLV.   That may even allow the scheduled landing to be brough forward by a year or two, and that could be what Griffin was indicating in that interview.

Ross.
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: mike robel on 08/28/2006 11:23 am
Ross,

All true, but as I am sure you know, even with model launch complexes, everything takes longer and is more expensive than you think it will be.

Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: yankee on 08/28/2006 12:01 pm
Yeah, I think NASA is being very conservative with the 2020 bit, I think they have learnt a lot from their past mistakes in that respect and are being very careful not to be too optimistic about things, it is far better for them to say 2020 and then aim for as early as possible and get the kudos for doing it early than the other way round.
One of the reasons that I'm in favour of the Stick as the CLV as against EELV despite it's teething problems is that it means a good deal of the developement work is done for the Ares V early making the Ares V far less likely to suffer from cost overruns and delays which could potentialy lead to it's cancellation by a future administration.   My hope is that The moon sorties will start some time between 2015 and 2018, the main potential problem I see is delays in the LSAM developement.
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: kraisee on 08/28/2006 07:07 pm
Yankee, you're right.   CLV dev. does a lot towards getting CaLV ready.

Also in four or five years time, when CaLV development kicks into high-gear, the RS-68 should have another 20+ flights under it's belt on Delta-IV.   With a touch of luck, it will have a great track-record and they can have some serious confidence in it.

And then during the 7-8 years of development on the CaLV, I'd also wonder if ULA could not be persuaded to fly the NASA-modified engine controllers one of the NASA-funded Delta-IV mission launching a useful NASA probe at the same time.   That would provide an interesting test platform for some of the 'man-rated' engine systems, ahead of CaLV flying.

DoD might also be interested in even safer engine controllers for D-IV missions.

Ross.
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: kraisee on 08/28/2006 07:11 pm
Quote
mike robel - 28/8/2006  7:10 AM

Ross,

All true, but as I am sure you know, even with model launch complexes, everything takes longer and is more expensive than you think it will be.

Yeah, but unlike my start-up, NASA's been around for a while, and so has Griffin.   I suspect that the numbers we're hearing have been created from a different perspective than previous NASA Administrators.   I think what we have seen so far is a very conservative estimate for both costs and schedule.   I think there's more margin there than any previous NASA program, and that the initial estimates were based on real-world experiences with growth.

IMHO, I think Griffin's NASA will beat the schedule, and save money.

There are the doubters and naysayers, but I think Griffin will be the last one laughing when he puts people back on the moon in 2017 for less total money than was originally expected.   But there again, I'm an optimist ;)

Ross.
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: punkboi on 08/28/2006 07:15 pm

Quote
kraisee - 28/8/2006 11:58 AM There are the doubters and naysayers, but I think Griffin will be the last one laughing when he puts people back on the moon in 2017 for less total money than was originally expected. But there again, I'm an optimist ;) Ross.

Griffin was the last one laughing when Discovery returned from a "clean" 121 mission.  Oh wait, Griffin's an engineer.  He doesn't  laugh. :)

Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Jim on 08/28/2006 07:53 pm
Quote
kraisee - 28/8/2006  2:54 PM

Yankee, you're right.   CLV dev. does a lot towards getting CaLV ready.

Also in four or five years time, when CaLV development kicks into high-gear, the RS-68 should have another 20+ flights under it's belt on Delta-IV.   With a touch of luck, it will have a great track-record and they can have some serious confidence in it.

And then during the 7-8 years of development on the CaLV, I'd also wonder if ULA could not be persuaded to fly the NASA-modified engine controllers one of the NASA-funded Delta-IV mission launching a useful NASA probe at the same time.   That would provide an interesting test platform for some of the 'man-rated' engine systems, ahead of CaLV flying.

DoD might also be interested in even safer engine controllers for D-IV missions.

Ross.

The ECU is a simple system and not a big deal
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: wannamoonbase on 08/29/2006 01:29 am
Quote
punkboi - 28/8/2006  3:02 PM

Quote
kraisee - 28/8/2006 11:58 AM There are the doubters and naysayers, but I think Griffin will be the last one laughing when he puts people back on the moon in 2017 for less total money than was originally expected. But there again, I'm an optimist ;) Ross.

Griffin was the last one laughing when Discovery returned from a "clean" 121 mission.  Oh wait, Griffin's an engineer.  He doesn't  laugh. :)


No we laugh, but non engineers don't understand what we are laughing about.  Thinks like thermodynamics, turbomachinery etc.  Not exactly crowd pleasing humor but we like it.
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Jim on 08/29/2006 01:58 am
Quote
kraisee - 28/8/2006  2:58 PM
IMHO, I think Griffin's NASA will beat the schedule, and save money.
Ross.

This isn't happening.   Everything is pointing the other ways wrt to money.   I had provide launch base manning comparsions.   SDLV has no chance
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: JRThro on 08/30/2006 03:46 pm
Quote
Jim - 28/8/2006  8:45 PM

Quote
kraisee - 28/8/2006  2:58 PM
IMHO, I think Griffin's NASA will beat the schedule, and save money.
Ross.

This isn't happening.   Everything is pointing the other ways wrt to money.   I had provide launch base manning comparsions.   SDLV has no chance
Jim, could you say that again so that it's more understandable?
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: meiza on 08/30/2006 08:59 pm
He meant lots of people in SDLV operations => expensive.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Space Lizard on 08/31/2006 10:12 am
You don't need man-rating to launch unmanned modules, so the Ares I capacity here is irrelevant.

If there's no Lunar Program when NASA withdraws from ISS in 2016, then it might reconsider its withdrawal.

The ISS won't go down by 2016, unless all the other partners give up too. It seems Russia has projects for the 2016-2025 decade, although it is still a bit fuzzy.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: CuddlyRocket on 08/31/2006 12:26 pm
Even if the ISS is closed down in 2016 (about which I have my doubts), this doesn't mean that there will be no stations in LEO to which NASA might want to launch astronauts. They don't have to be US stations.

Otherwise, you really need to think of missions that utilise the CEV's extended life-time and higher-speed re-entry capabilities. One possibility that allows for an extended test of the CEV is a mission to the Earth-Moon Trojan points. There may be some asteroidal material there that would be of great scientific interest. Of course, you need some kind of booster for that, and before the CaLV arrives! That brings up - international co-operation. (I noticed Griffin suggested recently that ESA might contribute to lunar missions by sending automatic cargo craft to the Moon carrying supplies and equipment etc - launched by the Ariane. If the Ariane can do that, I would have thought it could launch a booster module to get to the Trojan points?)

Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Jim on 08/31/2006 12:37 pm
Quote
CuddlyRocket - 31/8/2006  8:13 AM

Even if the ISS is closed down in 2016 (about which I have my doubts), this doesn't mean that there will be no stations in LEO to which NASA might want to launch astronauts. They don't have to be US stations.

Otherwise, you really need to think of missions that utilise the CEV's extended life-time and higher-speed re-entry capabilities. One possibility that allows for an extended test of the CEV is a mission to the Earth-Moon Trojan points. There may be some asteroidal material there that would be of great scientific interest. Of course, you need some kind of booster for that, and before the CaLV arrives! That brings up - international co-operation. (I noticed Griffin suggested recently that ESA might contribute to lunar missions by sending automatic cargo craft to the Moon carrying supplies and equipment etc - launched by the Ariane. If the Ariane can do that, I would have thought it could launch a booster module to get to the Trojan points?)

There aren't going to be any other stations for awhile, even after the ISS is gone.  Any other nation won't being starting up a new one any time soon.  Bigelo doesn't count and .  For the same reason the ISS is going away, NASA won't "need" to go to a station

There isn't going to be any other missions for the CEV other than ISS or the moon.  It won't divert resources form the lunar missions and NASA doesn't have extra
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: RedSky on 08/31/2006 03:47 pm
Gee, it seems the future sure isn't what it used to be.  I recall the PR in the 1960's and 70's that one project was to be a stepping stone to the next, more grand project: shuttle to build and support a "permanent" space station (i.e., older obsolete modules replaced with new), the space station would support experiments and testing for long duration missions, the station then as a staging area for building and testing Mars mission ships, and on and on.  

What's sad is that it seems that each of the previous projects has to be scrapped in order for us to start the next.  Will we then abandon the moon base when its time to try for Mars?  Will we have no LEO long term port or purpose after 2016?  That wasn't the way it was supposed to be.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: bad_astra on 08/31/2006 04:51 pm
Metal fatigue was already an issue for Mir when it was deorbited. It will be at least as much an issue on ISS as it reaches the same age. If it had been mostly completed and operating by 2000, as it was initially meant to be, no one would lament it by 2016. They'd be ready for something new. Hopefully it can be used for some kind of Mars mission research in its last years, making it have at least some utility to allow NASA to keep using it for awhile after 2016, but it's not going to last forever.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: bad_astra on 08/31/2006 04:54 pm
Quote
There aren't going to be any other stations for awhile, even after the ISS is gone.  Any other nation won't being starting up a new one any time soon.  Bigelo doesn't count and .  For the same reason the ISS is going away, NASA won't "need" to go to a station

There isn't going to be any other missions for the CEV other than ISS or the moon.  It won't divert resources form the lunar missions and NASA doesn't have extra

China's plans could change on a whim (the flip side of a large bearocratic father-knows-best-state) and it would be relatively easy for them to construct a small Salyut style station whever they chose to do so. Whether they'd allow partner's, I don't know, but I don't think it would have any beating on the US space program as one assumes we would not be invited unless it was a Orion-Shenzhou type visit.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: CuddlyRocket on 08/31/2006 05:03 pm
Quote
Jim - 31/8/2006  1:24 PM

There aren't going to be any other stations for awhile, even after the ISS is gone.  Any other nation won't being starting up a new one any time soon.
So what are the Russians, Europeans and everyone else going to be doing whilst NASA is off to the Moon? Cheering from the sidelines and begging for crumbs? I don't think so! The Russians could easily put up a small station.

Quote
Bigelo doesn't count...
It doesn't?

Quote
For the same reason the ISS is going away, NASA won't "need" to go to a station.
NASA has a need to test equipment in LEO. And there is some space science it does on the ISS. Access to someone else's station in return for the occasional flight of a CEV seems reasonable. And anyway, if you want international co-operation, you have to co-operate on other's missions, not just your own.

Quote
There isn't going to be any other missions for the CEV other than ISS or the moon.  It won't divert resources form the lunar missions and NASA doesn't have extra.
Not all NASA's budget - even for manned spaceflight - is earmarked for the lunar missions. By the time the ISS is decommissioned, the Shuttle will have long gone, CEV/CLV will have been completed and most of the CaLV development will have been done.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Jim on 08/31/2006 05:18 pm
The thread is about  the time with station being gone around 2016 and before the lunar flights start going (2020).  There won't be any new stations during this timeframe
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: bad_astra on 08/31/2006 05:39 pm
If they needed orbital research to be done, an Industrial Space Facility would be cheaper in the future to build and launch then maintaining ISS anyway.
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: kraisee on 08/31/2006 07:48 pm
Apart from anything else, the budget allocation isn't there to fly any other CEV's than ones bound for ISS thru 2016, and then only exploration missions after that.   NASA doesn't want to spend the money 'just to fly', because it can be used elsewhere - like doing the final production and testing of the Ares-V, EDS, LSAM and preparing for the first Lunar Landing of the new program.   I think they're going to have their hands pretty full as it is.

Ross.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Space Lizard on 09/01/2006 06:50 am
NASA and anyone else won't go to Mars or elsewhere beyond the Moon without first testing long duration human flights in Earth orbit.

If it is not onboard a multipurpose space station, then it could be onboard a Mars vehicle staying in Earth orbit... and looking a lot like a space station with very few visitors.

Does anyone remember how tough it was to experiment anything in space when we had no Salyut, no Skylab, no Shuttle, no Spacelab, no Mir, no ISS?
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: kraisee on 09/01/2006 07:17 am
I actually wonder if it wouldn't be worthwhile making a Mars spacecraft significantly larger than 'minimum' for just this reason.

The crew are going to consist of 6 or so highly trained individuals, locked up in a tin-can for 9 months out, and 9 months back from Mars.   I'd say that these people are gonna get pretty bored in an absolutely minimal spacecraft.

But if the spacecraft were designed to be an extra 200+mT or so, you could utilise that mass to put a considerable amount of general scientific equipment on board, and they could keep busy conducting experiments during their year and a half in-transit.

That would also result in 1.5 year x 6 person man-hours of science done in a micro-gravity environment, and the results of that *might* help NASA to pay for some the mission costs.

I know it requires a lot more fuel, and bigger engines, but it might still prove worthwhile.

Ross.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: mong' on 09/01/2006 11:16 am
I don't know, Ross, I'm not sure it would be worth it.
if you want to make an experiment in zero-g, just send a mission module in LEO with the Ares I, that would be much cheaper and simpler than complicating an already extremely difficult and overweight mars mission.
and don't forget that on a mission to mars the crew won't have the opportunity to get bored.
in the inbound and outbound legs of the trip, they will be pretty busy checking and rechecking all the assential systems of the spacecraft and troubleshooting all the little problems.
and the flights will "only" last 6 months, not 9
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: CuddlyRocket on 09/01/2006 12:16 pm
Quote
kraisee - 31/8/2006  8:35 PM

Apart from anything else, the budget allocation isn't there to fly any other CEV's than ones bound for ISS thru 2016, and then only exploration missions after that.

Assuming there's no offsets from 'international co-operation'. What will be the marginal cost of a CEV flight anyway? If the first lunar missions do commence in 2020, are NASA really going to have the entire CEV/CLV workforce standing around doing nothing for four years?

And I'll ask again: What do you think the Russians and the Europeans and everyone else will be doing if the ISS is dismantled and whilst NASA is off to the Moon?

NASA will get no international cooperation on its manned missions if it is not prepared to countenance co-operation with other's manned programmes. It just won't be politically acceptable.

There may be no plans to build and launch other stations at present, but 2016 is ten years away and it does not take that long to launch a simple station, especially if you are following an existing design. (The first Salyut was launched within a couple of years after being proposed.) How long would it take them to build and launch another Zvezda and other Russian or even ESA modules?
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Jim on 09/01/2006 12:58 pm
Quote
CuddlyRocket - 1/9/2006  8:03 AM

 How long would it take them to build and launch another Zvezda and other Russian modules?

Forever.  The SM was delayed due to money.  The SPP was cancelled.  MLM is delayed and any RM's are up in the air.  The Russian's don't have the money
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: CuddlyRocket on 09/01/2006 02:35 pm
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Jim - 1/9/2006  1:45 PM

The Russian's don't have the money
The Russian space agency may not, but the Russian Government certainly does, and can easily afford it if the oil price stays anywhere near its current level (which it probably will - Chinese and Indian demand is likely to be increasing rapidly over the next ten years). The Europeans can definitely afford it.

It's all a matter of political will. At the moment, the Russians are equal partners with the US in the ISS, and have no reason to spend more money. Are they really going to revert to no manned space program at all? Can't see it! (Likely scenario, if the US has no interest, is a Russian led program with ESA and possibly Chinese input.)
Title: RE: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: mr.columbus on 09/01/2006 05:37 pm
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(Likely scenario, if the US has no interest, is a Russian led program with ESA and possibly Chinese input.)

Don't think that ESA would agree to a Russian led program. Only possibility is a cooperation that is based on an equal partnership. That said, I also think that Russia, ESA or Japan won't just abandon their manned space programs. Rather they will find a project that costs as much as it costs them right now to maintain human spaceflight. The obvious choice would be a new space station or - what is less likely - their own moon-capable transport system.

Regarding those options:

1. a Salyut type space station won't do it for either ESA or Roskosmos. It would mean that only one of the partners would provide the overall infrastructure of the project (=the Salyut-type module).

2. Most likely option is a Mir-type space station consisting of a core module and several other modules developed by the partners of the project. No large truss or separate solar panels - rather each module has to be a stand-alone working module. You could work with a station that consists of 2 Russian, 2 European and 1 Japanese module. If wanted they could even let China participate with another research module.

3. Moon-capable transport system: Studies like ACTS are working on this. My personal guess is, that is not very likely to happen because of cost. Only way I see it, would be the commitment to an international moon base rather early in the next decade with a construction start date in 2020. With a moonbase costs for a moon-landing scenario can be cut, because the lander may be stripped down to be only capable of ferrying the crew to and from the moon base back to LLO - not also providing a hab for short sortie missions like the LSAM - you could build a Lander for ferrying down 4 people in the range of 8 tons if that lander would just be an engine, propelant tanks, seats and a control and life support system - no pressurized module, scientific equipment, hatch etc..
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Avron on 09/02/2006 09:34 pm
CEV will be used during this phase to do LEO checkouts of LSAM... since there is no LSAM design yet.. nothing says that the CLV could not orbit the LSAM maybe even with a small upper stage
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Jim on 09/02/2006 09:42 pm
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Avron - 2/9/2006  5:21 PM

CEV will be used during this phase to do LEO checkouts of LSAM... since there is no LSAM design yet.. nothing says that the CLV could not orbit the LSAM maybe even with a small upper stage

LSAM would be too big in diameter and the CLV is not going to add an upperstage.  Both the LSAM and upperstage would require umbilicals and other resources.  The CLV MLP/Pad is not going to had them
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Avron on 09/02/2006 11:23 pm
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Jim - 2/9/2006  5:29 PM

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Avron - 2/9/2006  5:21 PM

CEV will be used during this phase to do LEO checkouts of LSAM... since there is no LSAM design yet.. nothing says that the CLV could not orbit the LSAM maybe even with a small upper stage

LSAM would be too big in diameter and the CLV is not going to add an upperstage.  Both the LSAM and upperstage would require umbilicals and other resources.  The CLV MLP/Pad is not going to had them

What is the diameter of the LSAM?
 OK... Use EELV is needed.. would that work?
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Jim on 09/03/2006 12:06 am
8-10 m
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: rumble on 09/03/2006 04:41 pm
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Space Lizard - 1/9/2006  1:37 AM

NASA and anyone else won't go to Mars or elsewhere beyond the Moon without first testing long duration human flights in Earth orbit.

If it is not onboard a multipurpose space station, then it could be onboard a Mars vehicle staying in Earth orbit... and looking a lot like a space station with very few visitors.

Does anyone remember how tough it was to experiment anything in space when we had no Salyut, no Skylab, no Shuttle, no Spacelab, no Mir, no ISS?
Just take an empty Ares-V EDS and build a station along the lines of Skylab.  Just bigger.  :)

Would an Ares V core stage + SRBs be enough to orbit a mostly-empty EDS?
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: kraisee on 09/03/2006 07:44 pm
Absolutley.

The ESAS CaLV could loft roughly 106mT to LEO without the EDS.   I suspect the RS-68 powered Ares-V could do broadly the same thing, gie or take a few mT.

Skylab massed 76mT, but they also lofted a bunch of supplies onboard at the start, so final launch mass was more like 100mT.

We could do it again if there were a requirement, and funding.

Ross.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: mike robel on 09/04/2006 02:21 am
We have already demonstrated long duration space flight of sufficient length to simulate a Mars mission on the ISS with the six months stays of crew.  It can be done.  The Russians demonstrated stays in excess of one year.  We know what to do to counteract the weightless effects.

What must be done is build the spacecraft and test it for that period.  Better yet, find a way to safely and consistantly produce G forces by rotationg the spacecraft.

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Space Lizard - 1/9/2006  2:37 AM

NASA and anyone else won't go to Mars or elsewhere beyond the Moon without first testing long duration human flights in Earth orbit.

If it is not onboard a multipurpose space station, then it could be onboard a Mars vehicle staying in Earth orbit... and looking a lot like a space station with very few visitors.

Does anyone remember how tough it was to experiment anything in space when we had no Salyut, no Skylab, no Shuttle, no Spacelab, no Mir, no ISS?
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: CuddlyRocket on 09/04/2006 04:07 pm
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mike robel - 4/9/2006  3:08 AM

We have already demonstrated long duration space flight of sufficient length to simulate a Mars mission on the ISS with the six months stays of crew.  It can be done.
A Mars mission will take years, not six months. We have not demonstrated keeping a spacecraft functioning for that length of time without external supply - particularly of spare parts. I think people are going to want to see that accomplished before we launch humans to Mars.

I suppose you could test this on the Moon and/or in lunar orbit as part of some really extended lunar mission. Or they may demonstrate it on the ISS before its decommissioned.

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The Russians demonstrated stays in excess of one year.  We know what to do to counteract the weightless effects.
We know what to do to slow down the deterioration caused by weightlessness. But astronauts now have only up to six-month stays on the ISS for a reason - and that's on the basis they return to 1g after the six months. Although lunar missions, again, should give us some pointers on the effects of lower, but non-zero gravity.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: kraisee on 09/05/2006 02:09 am
Mars gravity is 38% of Earths.

Is that going to be enough to keep Humans healthy?   Would that offer sufficient g so that the 6-month sortie on the surface would repair 'damage' from the 9-month outbound trip, and offer a recuperation period prior to the 9-month return flight too?

I'd guess not, but with the space suits I'm thinking the active mass they'll be moving around on the surface will be fairly close to Earth-norm without the suit - and that's not a bad thing.

Ross.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Space Lizard on 09/05/2006 05:51 am
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mike robel - 4/9/2006  4:08 AM

We have already demonstrated long duration space flight of sufficient length to simulate a Mars mission on the ISS with the six months stays of crew.  It can be done.  The Russians demonstrated stays in excess of one year.  We know what to do to counteract the weightless effects.

What must be done is build the spacecraft and test it for that period.  Better yet, find a way to safely and consistantly produce G forces by rotationg the spacecraft.

Going to Mars and back is a two-year trip. This hasn't been demonstrated yet. Moreover, we need to demonstrate this hardware flight capability without visiting crews and resupply ships.

Artificial gravity is a tricky thing, as you need very long rotation radius to limit quite disturbing effects on people's vestibular system (you don't want to vomit each time you stand up and bump into walls each time you walk). Coriolis has some peculiar effects...

Large radius means you need to connect your habitat module to a counterweight. This makes a highly unmaneuverable vehicle with major structural issues...

There's still a lot to test in Earth orbit (not necessarily LEO) and a permanent flexible multipurpose manned platform will be required.

On a medical point of view, you don't do demonstrations with a dozen people, you need hundreds to understand what's going on.

How many astronauts have already achieved a fully medically-documented 9-month flight?
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: mike robel on 09/06/2006 03:32 am
Going to Mars and back is a six month trip, a 1 year stay, and a six month trip back.  The ISS is crewed for six months at a time now, so we know that Astronauts can last 6 months in a zero G environment.  The Russians had cosmonauts in Mir for over a year in some cases.

The Russians proposed to NASA after Columbia to extend the stay to a year for the crews on the ISS.  NASA demurred.

It seems to me that the thing to do - now - to begin gathering data for long duration space flights and prove out equipment, is

Put the ISS crew up for 6 months.  After that, bring them down and have them spend 1 year in one of the Mars Society Stations or in Antarctica.  Follow the completion of a year, send them back to the ISS for six months.

Eventually, for lunar missions do the same thing.  The crew moves to the ISS for six months.  At the end of that time, its off to the moon for a year, followed by six more months on the space station.

When we have a mars ship ready for testing, put that puppy either next to the ISS for six months, or send it on long  looping orbits half a million miles or more from the earth for six months.  Again, landing on the moon, then doing the same before returning to earth.

But my basic point is, flight time to Mars is about 6 months and the ISS crews have already shown that can be done.  I certainly didn't say that we could do this tomorrow, although all  Mars planning is always 20 - 30 years in the future.  Its depressing.

Mike
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: mike robel on 09/06/2006 03:44 am
OK,

Reviewing the thread to see what the consensus was for CEV use after 2016:

1.  I forgot CEV Cargo flights in my straw man manifest from 2010 - 2016 - I guess there could be 2 per year for a 12 launches.   Plus a maximum of 12 launches for crew rotations, assuming the Ares I and CEV are ready to fly in 2010.  A not very likely possibility in my mind.    However, one would think we would be able to sustain 4 Ares I launches per year.

By the way, in all the hoola, has anyone seen plans/concepts for the Cargo CEV's?  Is there a published schedule for its development?

2.  It seems to me COTS will come to nought and it will most likely not be cost effective.

3.  After 2016, expect a two year hiatus of US Manned Space Flight as there will be no ISS to fly to and Ares V will not be ready for lunar rehearsals.  What would program goals be for Orion flights in the interim?

Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: Jim on 09/06/2006 03:55 am
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mike robel - 5/9/2006  11:31 PM

By the way, in all the hoola, has anyone seen plans/concepts for the Cargo CEV's?  Is there a published schedule for its development?


There is no real difference between a cargo and a manned CEV.   One has seats and the other doesn't.   Actually, just most of the crew support systems have been removed.
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: CuddlyRocket on 09/06/2006 12:34 pm
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mike robel - 6/9/2006  4:19 AM

Put the ISS crew up for 6 months.  After that, bring them down and have them spend 1 year in one of the Mars Society Stations or in Antarctica.  Follow the completion of a year, send them back to the ISS for six months.
That's not an adequate simulation, as the time spent in the Mars analogue station is on Earth at 1g.

For a Mars mission, the year will be at 1/3g. We don't know what the effect of spending time in a lower gravitational field is, but intuitively it should slow down any degeneration, and may even cause it to stop at some point. But at what point? The degeneration can't be allowed to go below a certain amount, as the astronauts may have to face a further six months at 0g, which would certainly lead to further degeneration, perhaps to dangerous levels.

A better simulation would be to send them to the Moon for a year. If they survice the process at 1/6g, they should be able to handle Mars. If not, we'd have to think of something else. (Realistically, we'd build up to these levels!)
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: bad_astra on 09/06/2006 04:14 pm
That makes sense to me. If the Lunar program has a bearing on lifescience for Mars, that's it
Title: Re: CEV uses after 2016
Post by: mike robel on 09/06/2006 09:09 pm
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CuddlyRocket - 6/9/2006  8:21 AM

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mike robel - 6/9/2006  4:19 AM

Put the ISS crew up for 6 months.  After that, bring them down and have them spend 1 year in one of the Mars Society Stations or in Antarctica.  Follow the completion of a year, send them back to the ISS for six months.
That's not an adequate simulation, as the time spent in the Mars analogue station is on Earth at 1g.

For a Mars mission, the year will be at 1/3g. We don't know what the effect of spending time in a lower gravitational field is, but intuitively it should slow down any degeneration, and may even cause it to stop at some point. But at what point? The degeneration can't be allowed to go below a certain amount, as the astronauts may have to face a further six months at 0g, which would certainly lead to further degeneration, perhaps to dangerous levels.

A better simulation would be to send them to the Moon for a year. If they survice the process at 1/6g, they should be able to handle Mars. If not, we'd have to think of something else. (Realistically, we'd build up to these levels!)

I agree that the best simulation would be go to the moon.  However, since we are not going to the moon anytime soon, send them to the Antarctic, and once we have the stuff to keep them on the moon for a year, do that....