Author Topic: Proton-M/Briz-M - Luch-5X [Olimp-K] - Baikonur - 12 March 2023 - 23:12:59.981UT  (Read 74694 times)

Offline Targeteer

  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 6984
  • near hangar 18
  • Liked: 4444
  • Likes Given: 1467
Best quote heard during an inspection, "I was unaware that I was the only one who was aware."

Offline B. Hendrickx

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 1491
  • Liked: 2126
  • Likes Given: 74
PS: "Olimp-K 2" should be replaced by "Luch-5X" in the thread title. This is the satellite's official name. 

The correct transliteration is Luch 5Kh. :-)

https://russianalphabeteasy.com/russian-letters/h/

Looks like it is Luch-5X (with Latin X) after all. First, this is how the satellite was registered with the United Nations in various languages (including English). Second, in a TsENKI webcast of the launch the commentator pronounces the "X" as the Latin letter "X" (sounding as "iks" when pronounced by a Russian) and not as the Cyrillic "X" (which is a velar fricative that has no equivalent in standard English, although it is sometimes heard in Scottish English in Gaelic words such as loch (lake)).

By the way, the TsENKI webcast of the launch, which begins just one minute before T-0, is on YouTube. I'm not sure if it was shown live (and if it was, nobody seems to have noticed it). The launch took place in thick fog and the rocket was barely visible. That means the only picture that Roscosmos released with its launch announcement was most likely a file photo. 





 

Online Josh_from_Canada

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 559
  • Saskatchewan Canada
  • Liked: 601
  • Likes Given: 199


Could someone who speaks Russian share the serial number(s) of the Briz-M and/or Proton-M that was stated in the video
Launches Seen: Atlas V OA-7, Falcon 9 Starlink 6-4, Falcon 9 CRS-28,

Offline B. Hendrickx

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 1491
  • Liked: 2126
  • Likes Given: 74
Could someone who speaks Russian share the serial number(s) of the Briz-M and/or Proton-M that was stated in the video

The serial numbers are not given in the video.

Offline B. Hendrickx

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 1491
  • Liked: 2126
  • Likes Given: 74
According to data from Celestrak, Luch-5X has left its parking spot at 8.9°E, where it spent more than four months in the immediate vicinity of Eutelsat-KA-SAT 9A and Eutelsat 9B. It has begun drifting westward and is most likely headed for its next target. It is currently at 7.5°E.

Offline B. Hendrickx

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 1491
  • Liked: 2126
  • Likes Given: 74
Luch-5X has come to a stop at 3.2°E, right next to Eutelsat 3B (3.1°E). This looks like it will become its next eavesdropping target. Eutelsat 3B was launched in 2014. Here's some background on the satellite from Eutelsat's website:

Quote
EUTELSAT 3B is a tri-band satellite for markets in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and South America. Located at 3° East, the satellite is optimised for customers operating broadband, data, telecom and video services in a vast footprint spanning from Brazil to Central Asia. With up to 51 transponders, EUTELSAT 3B offers satellite resources in Ku, C and Ka-band connected to fixed and steerable antennas for maximum flexibility. This enables users to select the most relevant frequency band for different types of service. Ku and C-band capacity is optimised for broadcast and data markets. High throughput beams in the Ka-band are ideal for innovative applications in bandwidth demanding markets.

This is the third Eutelsat visited by Luch-5X. Eutelsat satellites were also a popular target for Luch/Olimp, with six visits between 2016 and 2021. Intelsat tops the list with 12 visits.

Offline owais.usmani

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 755
  • Liked: 386
  • Likes Given: 648
Why eavesdrop on all these commercial satellites instead of military ones?

Online Alter Sachse

  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 2569
  • Near Heidelberg
  • Liked: 1615
  • Likes Given: 1963
Why eavesdrop on all these commercial satellites instead of military ones?
I think the communication of the military satellites will be encrypted.
One day you're a hero  next day you're a clown  there's nothing that is in between
        Jeff Lynne - "21century man"

Offline owais.usmani

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 755
  • Liked: 386
  • Likes Given: 648
Why eavesdrop on all these commercial satellites instead of military ones?
I think the communication of the military satellites will be encrypted.
So what do they get from eavesdroping on these commercial satellites? Super Bowl and Lady Gaga concerts maybe? or they looking for something else from them?

Offline B. Hendrickx

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 1491
  • Liked: 2126
  • Likes Given: 74
Why eavesdrop on all these commercial satellites instead of military ones?

A good question that has not been satisfactorily addressed in the articles written on these eavesdropping satellites.
Kratos, a US company that has been keeping a close eye on Olimp's maneuvers, offers this explanation:

https://www.kratosdefense.com/constellations/articles/espionage-in-orbit-satellite-or-spy

Quote
Why is Russia interested in spying on satellites run by commercial companies? Because of their customers. U.S. and European militaries spend billions to lease bandwidth from commercial satellite operators like Intelsat and Eutelsat. These links may carry a variety of mission traffic, from unmanned aircraft video feeds to mobile ground unit communications.

America's PAN and CLEO satellites (part of the NEMESIS program), which perform similar missions, also seem to target commercial satellites. It's been speculated that one of their tasks was to pick up telephone communications to geolocate targets for drone strikes.

But there's probably also industrial/economic espionage through interception of telephone and data traffic. As became known from the Snowden leaks, the US uses its ORION SIGINT satellites for collecting economic information. Two of them were parked close to the Thuraya-2, a mobile communications satellite. In an article on the US eavesdropping satellites, Marco Langbroek wrote this:
https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3095/1

Quote
The leaked documents contain a few more interesting facts. While we have mostly talked about a role for Space-based SIGINT in the context of the drone war, counter-insurgency, and military conflict, the second of the leaked documents mentions yet another role: collecting economic information.

While economic information can be of legitimate military interest, it also has a potential strategic commercial value. This feeds my privately-held concern about whether the close eavesdropping on certain commercial telecommunications satellites also collects useful information from the viewpoint of industrial espionage. For non-US (e.g. European) companies and industries that might be the target of such espionage, this is something to consider. When you use your Thuraya satellite telephone or a satellite-based Internet connection to discuss your latest prospective bids for, say, building a harbor in Saudi Arabia, oil prospection in Jordan, or securing a large order of airliners from Qatar with the main office back home, the US government might be listening in and forwarding the info to interested US rival companies, to the latter’s benefit.



Offline russianhalo117

  • Global Moderator
  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 8874
  • Liked: 4832
  • Likes Given: 768
Why eavesdrop on all these commercial satellites instead of military ones?
I think the communication of the military satellites will be encrypted.
So what do they get from eavesdroping on these commercial satellites? Super Bowl and Lady Gaga concerts maybe? or they looking for something else from them?
Hosted payloads and lower level defense communications via commercial assets.

Offline B. Hendrickx

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 1491
  • Liked: 2126
  • Likes Given: 74
https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4696/1

Quote
Olimp and Yenisei-2: Russia’s secretive eavesdropping satellites (part 1)
by Bart Hendrickx

On March 12 this year, a Proton-M rocket blasted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, punching its way through a dense layer of fog that only thickened the veil of secrecy surrounding the launch. Although Baikonur is now a civilian launch site that is no longer used for military launches, Roscosmos did not stream the launch live and afterwards reported only that a satellite named Luch-5X had been placed into orbit to test “advanced relay and communication technology.” Its mission is reminiscent of that of another Russian satellite launched in September 2014. Announced simply as Luch, it has spent the past nine years traversing the geostationary belt and regularly parking itself close to commercial communications satellites with the apparent goal of eavesdropping on them.

This is an attempt to collect all the information on these satellites that can be extracted from open sources. Part 1 focuses on their design features, the maneuvers they have made in geostationary orbit and the satellites they have visited. Evidence is given that Luch-5X is a significantly modified version of Luch that is referred to in official documentation as Yenisei-2. As has been known for a long time, Luch is a cover name for Olimp. 

Offline B. Hendrickx

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 1491
  • Liked: 2126
  • Likes Given: 74
Part 2 of the article on the eavesdropping satellites is now up on The Space Review:

https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4699/1

Evidence is presented that the organization behind the eavesdropping satellites is Russia’s Federal Security Service (FSB), a claim initially made by the Kommersant newspaper in 2014. It looks like the project was started early this century under FAPSI (the equivalent of the US National Security Agency) and was then transferred to the FSB’s SIGINT division (the so-called “16th Center”) after FAPSI was disbanded in 2003.

A key role in the project was apparently assigned to NII Radio, which has close ties with the 16th Center and the FSB Academy. The company has produced a wide range of ground-based satellite dish antennas for the 16th Center, at least some of which (named Rebus) may be intended to communicate with the eavesdropping satellites. Some of these antennas are situated at an FSB site near Chekhov some 70 km south of Moscow (see attachment 1).

NII Radio has also provided at least part of the payload for the satellites. This appears to include multibeam antennas that are described in some joint NII Radio/FSB publications and are also seen in what may well be the only publicly available drawing of Olimp (see attachment 2). Also on board are L-band payloads that could be designed to convert intercepted signals to lower frequencies before they are downlinked to the ground. Another possibility is that they are used for mobile communications in the interests of the government and/or Russian intelligence agencies.

Also discussed are a handful of ISS Reshetnev patents that may shed light on plans for future eavesdropping satellites.

Offline B. Hendrickx

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 1491
  • Liked: 2126
  • Likes Given: 74
Luch-5X left its position at 3.2°E on December 3/4 and has now parked at 2.6°E, right next to Eutelsat Konnect VHTS, which is at 2.7°E. This satellite was launched by an Ariane 5 rocket in September last year and was declared operational just a couple of weeks ago. Like the two other satellites visited so far by Luch-5X (ViaSat’s KA-SAT and Eutelsat 3B), it has high-throughput capability in the Ka-band.  This is a description of the satellite from the website of Thales Alenia, its manufacturer:

Quote
EUTELSAT KONNECT VHTS satellite, a very high throughput satellite built for the international operator Eutelsat, will deliver high-speed broadband and mobile connectivity across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. With a Ka-band capacity of 500 Gbps, it is the largest and most capacitive geostationary communications satellite ever built in Europe. The satellite embarks the most powerful on-board digital processor ever put in orbit, offering capacity allocation flexibility and an optimum spectrum use.

EUTELSAT KONNECT VHTS is the satellite of all the superlatives: it is about 9 meters high, as tall as a three-story building, with a wingspan of more than 45 meters and a launch mass of 6,4 metric tons. With a design life exceeding 15 years, the satellite is built on a full electric Spacebus NEO platform from Thales Alenia Space and developed with the support of French and European space agency’s CNES and ESA.

This new-generation satellite, harbouring a capacity seven times that of its brother satellite EUTELSAT KONNECT launched in 2020, will help bridge the digital divide by providing very high-speed Internet access across Europe, especially in isolated regions with poor coverage. The HTS services, available on the ground, in the air and at sea, anywhere and anytime in the covered area, will be comparable to a fiber-optic network’s performance and services.

The fact that Luch-5X focuses on high-throughput Ka-band satellites is probably no coincidence. As I explained in my recent articles for “The Space Review”, the satellite appears to be equipped with a system that intercepts Ka-band signals and then converts them to lower frequency L-band signals before relaying them to the ground.  Luch-5X most likely is a cover name for Yenisei-2.


Online jcm

  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 3760
  • Jonathan McDowell
  • Somerville, Massachusetts, USA
    • Jonathan's Space Report
  • Liked: 1514
  • Likes Given: 857
Bart, at one point it was claimed that the Orlets-class Kosmos-2372 LEO spy sat had the name Yenisey.  Is this no longer thought to be correct?
-----------------------------

Jonathan McDowell
http://planet4589.org

Offline B. Hendrickx

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 1491
  • Liked: 2126
  • Likes Given: 74
Bart, at one point it was claimed that the Orlets-class Kosmos-2372 LEO spy sat had the name Yenisey.  Is this no longer thought to be correct?

Yenisei is indeed an alternative name seen for the Orlets-2 (17F113) reconnaissance satellites, two of which were launched by the Zenit-2 rocket in 1994 and 2000 (Kosmos-2290 and 2372).

The Russians have a tradition of recycling names in their space program. For instance, Yenisei-2 was the name of the imaging system of the Luna-3 probe that took the first pictures of the far side of the Moon in 1959. The name Yenisei has also been used for a future heavy-lift launch vehicle. And ISS Reshetnev has used it for what appear to be two totally unrelated satellites, Yenisei-A1 (an experimental mobile communications satellite that has probably been canceled) and Yenisei-2 (the successor of Olimp). Hard to say whether this is just a lack of imagination or a deliberate attempt to confuse outsiders. The choice of these names may also have something to do with the fact that the Yenisei river flows through Krasnoyarsk, the Siberian town not far from ISS Reshetnev's headquarters in Zheleznogorsk. 

Offline B. Hendrickx

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 1491
  • Liked: 2126
  • Likes Given: 74
After spending nearly four months at 2.6°E (right next to Eutelsat Konner VHTS), Luch-5X has relocated to 4.6°E. This is close to Astra 4A, which is at 4.8°E. Astra 4A (launched as Sirius 4 back in 2007) provides digital television and radio broadcasts, data and interactive services to Nordic countries, Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. An important customer is Ukraine.

The relocation comes as Ukrainian broadcasters reported jamming of some of the Astra A4 signals last Thursday.
 
https://belsat.eu/en/news/29-03-2024-ukrainian-broadcaster-reports-severe-russian-disruption-of-the-astra-satellite-which-led-to-the-jamming-of-the-belsat-tv-signal

Quote
Ukrainian broadcaster reports severe Russian disruption of the Astra satellite, which led to the jamming of the Belsat TV signal.

According to a report by the Ukrainian media company 1+1 Media, the signal transmitted via the Astra4A satellite was interfered with on Thursday, resulting in the jamming of signals of Ukrainian TV stations. The Telekom-kruzhok Telegram channel also reported that this interference affected the Belsat TV program transmitted by the same satellite.

Since the beginning of March, the Russian Federation has been actively jamming the satellite signal of Ukrainian TV channels on the Astra4A and Hotbird13E satellites, which belong to the European telecommunications companies SES and Eutelsat. 1+1 Media, the owner of eight Ukrainian TV channels, expressed its concern in an official statement.

The Russians not only jammed the signal but also replaced Ukrainian programs with propaganda content of the Russian Federation. Ukrainian broadcasters restored the transmission of their programs on Thursday.

– However, this is not the last attempt of the Russian Federation to interfere with the content of Ukrainian television channels to disorient the public and spread hostile narratives, Especially in the areas near the temporarily occupied towns and villages
– it was also written in the statement.

Meanwhile, Telekom-kruzhok, a Telegram channel representing associations of telecommunications specialists, observed that Belsat TV, available on the Astra4 satellite, was also experiencing broadcasting issues.

The Russians continue to disrupt the signal on the Astra 4A satellite. This time, it was the Belsat channel. What will the reaction of Polish viewers be? Is this not an important issue?)) —says the channel’s comment.

The Telekom-kruzhok post included screenshots that revealed disruptions during the Thursday morning rebroadcast of the Ukrainian news program Yedyni Novyny on the Belsat channel.

In January, the Russian-language editorial team of Belsat Vot-tak.tv, which includes a website and a TV channel, was labeled as a foreign agent by the Russian authorities. This move could lead to repression against the station’s employees working in Russia.

More details on the jamming of the Astra 4A signal on 28 March from the website of 1+1 Media:

https://media.1plus1.ua/en/news/reakciia-11-media-na-sprobi-voroga-zaglusiti-suputnikove-movlennia-ukrayini

Quote
Today, on 28 March 2024, a large-scale external interference with the broadcasting of Ukrainian TV on the Astra4A satellite took place. In particular, around 9:30 a.m., the enemy tried to jam the broadcasts of 1+1 media's own and partner TV channels at 11766H, where, in particular, 1+1 Ukraine, 1+1 Marathon, TET, PLUSPLUS, Bigudi, 2+2, UNIAN and other channels are broadcast. Thus, instead of the United News telethon and content from other broadcasters, Ukrainian viewers saw Russian propaganda content for some time.

As of 11am, the problem was fixed and satellite broadcasting was restored. However, this is not the last attempt by Russia to jam the content of Ukrainian TV channels to disorient society and spread hostile narratives, especially in the territories bordering the temporarily occupied cities and villages.

Attached is an example of the distorted signal.

There are at least three reasons to believe that Luch-5X is not directly involved in the jamming on 28 March:
1) neither Luch-5X nor is predecessor Luch/Olimp have demonstrated any jamming capability and appear to be purely passive eavesdropping satellites
2) I understand Luch-5X hadn't yet arrived at its new location on that day
3) the jamming reportedly began in early March and also affected at least one other satellite (Hotbird 13E), which is not being shadowed by any Russian satellites. This strongly indicates the jamming is being done from the ground. A report by broadcaster "Suspilne Ukraine" (which also uses Astra 4A) on 14 March pointed the finger at the Medvezhi Ozyora space communications center near Moscow (but without giving any evidence for that):
https://imi.org.ua/en/news/russians-target-suspilne-s-satellite-signal-i59943

Still, the fact that Luch-5X is visiting Astra 4A right after the reported jamming can hardly be a coincidence. What the exact connection is remains open to speculation.





Offline Targeteer

  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 6984
  • near hangar 18
  • Liked: 4444
  • Likes Given: 1467
Best quote heard during an inspection, "I was unaware that I was the only one who was aware."

Offline B. Hendrickx

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 1491
  • Liked: 2126
  • Likes Given: 74
Here is another picture of Luch-5X and Astra 4A taken by Marco Langbroek under better conditions on April 16. Also visible in the picture on the far right is Eutelsat Konnect VHTS, the previous target of Luch-5X.

Meanwhile, further disruptions of Ukrainian broadcasts via Astra 4A were reported on April 17.
https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/04/17/7451697/
https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-11-media-group-reports-cyberattack-satellite-tv-channels-2024-04-17/

These are the first reported disruptions after Luch-5X arrived at its new location next to Astra 4A on April 2. It is still unlikely though that Luch-5X itself is responsible for the jamming. Similar disruptions were reported on the same day of Ukrainian broadcats relayed via Eutelsat Hotbird 13G, which is not being shadowed by any Russian satellites.

One Ukrainian blogger puts the blame on "stationary and mobile jamming stations", one of them being the Bear Lakes (Medvezhi Ozyora) space communicatons center near Moscow. No evidence for that has been given as of yet.
https://twitter.com/MrKovalenko/status/1780590277519929573



Offline Steven Pietrobon

  • Member
  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 39705
  • Adelaide, Australia
    • Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
  • Liked: 33478
  • Likes Given: 9936
What Luch 5X could be doing is monitoring the frequencies of Ukrainian signals that are broadcast to the satellite (the uplink) where the signal is amplified and changed in frequency for broadcast to ground receivers (the downlink). A Russian ground station could then send a jamming signal at the same frequency as the uplink frequency, causing the downlink signal to be effectively jammed.

Future commercial satellites may add anti-jamming filtering, where the signal from the jammer can be reduced in strength by applying an electronic filter to where the location of the jammer is on Earth.

https://www.criticalcomms.com.au/content/radio-systems/news/autonomous-anti-jamming-for-us-satcom-program-1218736830
« Last Edit: 04/20/2024 05:20 am by Steven Pietrobon »
Akin's Laws of Spacecraft Design #1:  Engineering is done with numbers.  Analysis without numbers is only an opinion.

 

Advertisement NovaTech
Advertisement
Advertisement Margaritaville Beach Resort South Padre Island
Advertisement Brady Kenniston
Advertisement NextSpaceflight
Advertisement Nathan Barker Photography
0