Author Topic: Artemis Accords  (Read 168944 times)

Offline FutureSpaceTourist

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #160 on: 11/17/2020 07:14 pm »
https://twitter.com/jimbridenstine/status/1328791560348184578

Quote
I am pleased to welcome Ukraine as the 9th country to sign the #ArtemisAccords! With their commitment to these principles, they join the broadest and most diverse international space exploration coalition in history.
https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-accords/index.html

Online yg1968

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #161 on: 12/14/2020 09:08 pm »
Quote from: NASA
The #Artemis family continues to grow.

Today, @NASA administrator @JimBridenstine signed a joint statement of intent with @Astro_Pontes of @mctic. The statement details Brazil’s intention to be the first South American country to join the Artemis Accords

Quote from: Jim Bridenstine
I’m excited to sign a joint statement of intent with @Astro_Pontes @mctic as Brazil prepares to join a growing family of nations to sign the Artemis Accords!

@NASA looks forward to working with @espacial_aeb on the #Artemis program.

https://twitter.com/NASAArtemis/status/1338604665575895040

https://twitter.com/JimBridenstine/status/1338598734884724737
« Last Edit: 12/14/2020 09:13 pm by yg1968 »

Offline jacqmans

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #162 on: 12/16/2020 08:01 am »
Gateway MoU and Artemis Accords – FAQs

ESA Director General Jan Wörner and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to take Europe to the Moon.

The historic agreement will see ESA Member States contribute a number of essential elements to the first human outpost in lunar orbit, known as the Gateway.

It confirms ESA’s commitment to delivering at least two European Service Modules that provide electricity, water, oxygen and nitrogen to NASA’s Orion spacecraft – with more to come. ESA will also receive three flight opportunities for European astronauts to travel to and work on the Gateway.

What does the Memorandum of Understanding with NASA concerning Cooperation on the Civil Lunar Gateway mean?
The Memorandum of Understanding, or MOU, that was signed by ESA’s Director General in October 2020, creates a legally binding framework for ESA and NASA to work together to establish the lunar Gateway. It covers the legal commitments and responsibilities of the different partners for the purpose of the Gateway cooperation.

The International Space Station was built after ESA signed similar types of memoranda in 1988 and 1998.

What is the lunar Gateway?

The lunar Gateway is a human outpost around the Moon for space exploration and science that will enable a regular human presence on the Moon. It will be part of NASA’s Artemis lunar exploration programme.

Who is involved?

The Memorandum of Understanding has been signed by ESA and NASA.

What is the scope of this Memorandum of Understanding?

The scope of the MoU includes development and operational activities that are needed to build and launch the Lunar Gateway and the European crew.

One of ESA’s contributions towards achieving the Lunar Gateway is the European Service Module, which will provide the new Orion spacecraft that will be used for the Artemis missions to the Moon with power, propulsion, oxygen and water. ESA will receive three flight opportunities for European astronauts to travel to and work on the Gateway.

What is not in the scope of the Memorandum of Understanding?

Operations beyond the lunar Gateway, such as those taking place on the surface of the Moon are not covered by the Memorandum of Understanding. How these activities will take place will be guided by future international agreements among space agencies.

What are the Artemis Accords?

The Artemis Accords are a set of statements, initiated by NASA, to establish common principles, guidelines, and best practices applicable to the entire lunar exploration programme. These accords are signed on a national rather than an organisational level, and on a voluntary basis. 

As of December 2020, nine countries have signed the Artemis Accords: Australia, Canada, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States.

The Artemis Accords contain, reaffirm and develop several principles of space law, in accordance with norms, principles and practices stemming from the Outer Space Treaty of 1967.

The principles set out in these Accords are intended to apply to civil space activities conducted by the civil space agencies of each signatory.

Each signatory commits to taking appropriate steps to ensure that entities (also private operators) acting on its behalf comply with the principles of these Accords.

What kind of principles do the Artemis Accords cover?

The principles of the Artemis Accords are:

Peaceful exploration: all activities conducted under the Artemis program must be for peaceful purposes.

Transparency: Artemis Accords signatories will conduct their activities in a transparent fashion to avoid confusion and conflicts.

Interoperability: nations participating in the Artemis programme will strive to support interoperable systems to enhance safety and sustainability.

Emergency assistance: Artemis Accords signatories commit to rendering assistance to personnel in distress.
Registration of space objects: any nation participating in Artemis must be a signatory to the Registration Convention or be ready and willing to become a signatory.

Release of scientific data: Artemis Accords signatories commit to the public release of scientific information.

Preserving heritage: Artemis Accords signatories commit to preserving heritage in outer space, such as historically significant human or robotic landing sites.

Space resources: extracting and using space resources is key to safe and sustainable exploration and the Artemis Accords signatories affirm that such activities should be conducted in compliance with the Outer Space Treaty.

Deconfliction of activities: the Artemis Accords signatories commit to preventing harmful interference and to follow the principles of cooperation, assistance and due regard, as required by the Outer Space Treaty.

Orbital debris: Artemis Accords countries commit to planning for the safe disposal of debris and to limit the generation of new, long-lasting harmful debris released through normal operations.


https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Gateway_MoU_and_Artemis_Accords_FAQs
Jacques :-)

Online yg1968

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #163 on: 01/10/2021 09:15 pm »
Space lawyer and professor Tanja Masson-Zwaan makes a couple of good points about Australia's position in respect of resource extraction:

https://twitter.com/tanjamasson/status/1348319592226168833

https://twitter.com/tanjamasson/status/1348331974969192449
« Last Edit: 01/10/2021 09:17 pm by yg1968 »

Online yg1968

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #164 on: 01/12/2021 12:41 pm »
Commitment to Artemis Accords affirms Australia’s rising star in space:
https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/commitment-to-artemis-accords-affirms-australias-rising-star-in-space/

Online yg1968

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #165 on: 01/14/2021 02:04 pm »
Mike Gold, who is behind the Artemis Accords, is moving up within NASA (which is good news in my opinion):

Quote from: NASA
NASA has announced four senior leadership changes: Mike Gold as associate administrator for Space Policy and Partnerships [...].

As associate administrator for Space Policy and Partnerships, Gold will be responsible for formulating and leading a comprehensive strategy to integrate domestic, international, intergovernmental, and industry policy across the space domain, including priorities that enhance the resiliency and capabilities of the Artemis Program. Gold will work closely with OIIR and the Office of the General Counsel to ensure integration across relevant stakeholders.

https://twitter.com/NASAWatch/status/1349374494364884996
« Last Edit: 01/14/2021 02:38 pm by yg1968 »

Online yg1968

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #166 on: 01/15/2021 04:27 pm »
I missed this when it came out in December.

NASA, UN Sign Memorandum of Understanding on Peaceful Uses of Space
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-un-sign-memorandum-of-understanding-on-peaceful-uses-of-space

This video came out today:

« Last Edit: 01/15/2021 04:28 pm by yg1968 »

Online yg1968

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Online yg1968

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #168 on: 01/31/2021 03:00 pm »

Online yg1968

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #169 on: 02/16/2021 07:03 pm »
« Last Edit: 02/16/2021 07:04 pm by yg1968 »

Offline FutureSpaceTourist

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #170 on: 03/23/2021 12:50 pm »
https://twitter.com/sciguyspace/status/1374357229810425866

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NASA's acting administrator Steve Jurcyzk is addressing COMSTAC right now. Says more countries will soon be signing on to the Artemis Accords.

Online yg1968

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #171 on: 03/23/2021 10:06 pm »
Jurczyk's presentation is at 15 minutes of the archived video; Gabriel Swinney from the State Department gave a presentation on the Artemis Accords at 40 minutes of the video:


Online yg1968

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #172 on: 03/28/2021 04:38 pm »
The new race to the moon: the Artemis Alliance vs. the Sino-Russian Axis:
https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/545280-the-new-race-to-the-moon-the-artemis-alliance-vs-the-sino-russian-axis

Quote from: Mark Whittington
In order to avoid conflict over resources on the moon or anywhere else in space, some kind of agreement, perhaps based on the Artemis Accords, needs to be struck between the Artemis Alliance and the Sino-Russian Axis. The first side to exploit a deposit of minerals should own it. Otherwise, we might expect the possibility that the Third World War might start on the moon with catastrophic consequences.

https://twitter.com/MarkWhittington/status/1376189822101032962
« Last Edit: 03/28/2021 04:40 pm by yg1968 »

Online yg1968

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #173 on: 04/01/2021 10:11 pm »
Quote from: NW
Mike Gold is leaving @NASA HQ to join Redwire Space @RedwireSpace (not an April Fool's joke).

https://twitter.com/NASAWatch/status/1377737299782406144

Offline Joseph Peterson

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #174 on: 04/02/2021 02:30 pm »
The new race to the moon: the Artemis Alliance vs. the Sino-Russian Axis:
https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/545280-the-new-race-to-the-moon-the-artemis-alliance-vs-the-sino-russian-axis

Quote from: Mark Whittington
In order to avoid conflict over resources on the moon or anywhere else in space, some kind of agreement, perhaps based on the Artemis Accords, needs to be struck between the Artemis Alliance and the Sino-Russian Axis. The first side to exploit a deposit of minerals should own it. Otherwise, we might expect the possibility that the Third World War might start on the moon with catastrophic consequences.

https://twitter.com/MarkWhittington/status/1376189822101032962

"Third World War???"

As of today I'm hoping to see anyone from any nation exploit an extraterrestrial resource and actually earn a profit.  I'm not sure if it will actually work but it just might give the rest of us the impulse we need to get off of our couches and start exploring the solar system for real.  Given how big space actually is and how much stuff is out there fighting a third world war over a tiny section of rock only makes me doubt whether humanity is actually worthy of rising to the challenge.

Offline Frogstar_Robot

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #175 on: 04/02/2021 03:33 pm »
The new race to the moon: the Artemis Alliance vs. the Sino-Russian Axis:
https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/545280-the-new-race-to-the-moon-the-artemis-alliance-vs-the-sino-russian-axis

Quote from: Mark Whittington
In order to avoid conflict over resources on the moon or anywhere else in space, some kind of agreement, perhaps based on the Artemis Accords, needs to be struck between the Artemis Alliance and the Sino-Russian Axis. The first side to exploit a deposit of minerals should own it. Otherwise, we might expect the possibility that the Third World War might start on the moon with catastrophic consequences.

https://twitter.com/MarkWhittington/status/1376189822101032962

"Third World War???"

Yes, that is just jingoistic nonsense. The whole article is based on false premises and non sequiturs. There is no race, no prize for the winner, and no conflict. Unfortunately people all too quickly reach for tribalism when trying to justify an agenda. If there are good enough reasons to go to the Moon, those should stand on their own without trying to justify it as "we have to get there before our enemies do". This is the undesirable type of colonialism that people should be calling out.

Quote from: Mark Whittington
In short, the side that first exploits lunar resources effectively will be the side that creates a space-based industrial revolution enabled by lunar resources. Either the Sino-Russian Axis or the Artemis Alliance will own the future.

A completely false dichotomy. It wasn't true for the Earth-based industrial revolution, nor would be true for a space-based one.

The "Artemis Alliance" does not exist, it is just something he made up.

Quote from: Mark Whittington
In order to avoid conflict over resources on the moon or anywhere else in space, some kind of agreement, perhaps based on the Artemis Accords, needs to be struck between the Artemis Alliance and the Sino-Russian Axis.

There is already an agreement, it's the Outer Space Treaty.

Quote from: Mark Whittington
The first side to exploit a deposit of minerals should own it.

That is completely unworkable. How is "exploit" and "deposit" defined? If I extract a gram of water from the regolith, do I now own all water on the Moon? His suggestion is frankly absurd.

OTOH, the Artemis accords state that I would own the gram of water, nothing more. That actually seems quite sensible, so why is another agreement required?

His general argument seems to be "The USA and allies should claim the Moon before our enemies do. Although we can't actually do that because of that pesky treaty we signed, so we will have to create some new rule which allows us to exclusively grab the resources first".

Rule 1: Be civil. Respect other members.
Rule 3: No "King of the Internet" attitudes.

Online yg1968

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #176 on: 04/02/2021 06:18 pm »
I don't think that was his point. His point was that Artemis countries should have a new agreement with China and Russia since they are not part of the Artemis Accords. The agreement would probably be similar to the Artemis Accords.

I think that he meant that you should own whatever you exploit from the mineral deposit, he wasn't suggesting that the whole Moon or the whole area would be yours. Although he probably should have worded that better, I think that he meant that two operators shouldn't be mining the same mineral deposit at the same time. The notification and coordination process related to safety zones in the Artemis Accords would possibly be helpful in that respect.

In terms of World War III, I think that he is anticipating far into the future that mining rights could become a source of conflict. The best way to avoid that is to have an agreement with China and Russia similar to the Artemis Accords. The OST is a little vague when it comes to resources rights, the Artemis Accords are clearer.
« Last Edit: 04/02/2021 07:21 pm by yg1968 »

Offline Lodrig

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #177 on: 04/04/2021 05:47 am »
I don't see why China/Russia would have any interest in signing onto an accord written without their input and which is such an obvious camels nose under the tent to undermine the OST.

This is not by accident, the Artemis accords could easily have been made narrower in it's uses of ISRU, like you know actually using said resource on the moon in the furtherance of a scientific exploration mission, aka live-of-the-land while exploring, no one would have had an issue with such a document. 

It doesn't take a genius to see that Artemis accords are an attempt to create international norms by unilateral action rather then an international consensus.  The likely outcome will be China launching suit in court the moment someone tries to actually sell lunar material which will tie everything up in court for decades until a real international agreement is reached between all nations, not just a subset of those with a Space program.

Online yg1968

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #178 on: 04/05/2021 01:53 am »
I don't see why China/Russia would have any interest in signing onto an accord written without their input and which is such an obvious camels nose under the tent to undermine the OST.

This is not by accident, the Artemis accords could easily have been made narrower in it's uses of ISRU, like you know actually using said resource on the moon in the furtherance of a scientific exploration mission, aka live-of-the-land while exploring, no one would have had an issue with such a document. 

It doesn't take a genius to see that Artemis accords are an attempt to create international norms by unilateral action rather then an international consensus.  The likely outcome will be China launching suit in court the moment someone tries to actually sell lunar material which will tie everything up in court for decades until a real international agreement is reached between all nations, not just a subset of those with a Space program.

The Artemis Accords are multilateral and they are not binding. I seriously doubt that they violate the OST and even if they did, the United States isn't forced to accept that a case be litigated against them in front of the World Court. There was webcast where the Chinese Representative was invited and he seemed fairly open to the language in the Artemis Accord. He even made suggestions for improvement which Mike Gold seemed to welcome.

A lot of the principles in the Artemis Accords were inspired from the Building Blocks for the Development of an International Framework on Space Resource Activities, which had inputs from legal experts and stakeholders from various countries.
« Last Edit: 04/05/2021 01:59 am by yg1968 »

Offline deadman1204

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Re: Artemis Accords
« Reply #179 on: 04/05/2021 01:54 pm »
They were intentionally designed to be unpalatable to Russia and China

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