If the shuttle is damaged during launch it could dock with the ISS and six of the crew members could leave immediately on the two Soyuz spacecraft. Thus there would only be 7 members at the ISS and they could stay for a long time if needed.
This question comes up because there is uncertainty about flying AMS (STS-134). Is there going to be rescue shuttle hardware for this flight? Would STS-134 use the backup hardware that would be used for a rescue of the last CLF flight? How much backup hardware is likely to be left over after the shuttle is done flying (like external tanks and other parts not easily obtained from another shuttle)?