Advanced physical and chemical resource technology for spaceflight

[JulesVerneATV]

I think for Mars the colonists or robots might need to arrive to see what chemistry is locally available or what resources can be found and easily accessed maybe Liquid Sodium Metal on Mars as heat storage, plants growing and compositing in domes would provide their own heat by chemical cycles. A colony already built inside a cave or say a lava tube, could have much Higher and more steady temperatures. The ideal heat engine and almost perfect cycle without friction, maybe there would be more efficient ways for producing hydrogen and water? It seem within human colonies we don't have a complete understanding of what reduced gravity does to the bodies of humans and animals to boiling and condensation, maybe there will be huge investments in putting Nuclear Power on the Moon and Mars. 'Dust' hazards could reduce life expectancy they will probably be a human hazard and to save energy robots might explore with  "light" wheeled vehicles. Martian CO2 might be used because its easily available and heat pump water heaters, the MOXIE was already tested, successfully demonstrated a solid oxide electrolysis technology for Mars.  It all might depend if there is a real investment to 'Go There' beyond current politics, real investing from the USA or NASA / Space-X combination or the Chinese or China forming its own alliance of BRICS partners, or some international group investing in Nuclear on the Moon etc because many believe 'Solar' wont be able to do it alone, there is a current push for Lower-cost smaller nuclear reactors.  An ideal set up with to be already having some small colonies out there with say humans or robots with access to nuclear power to eventually expand and make  Mars Solar Power factories or Solarpower on the moon, and later on Mars:


Solar-Powered Device Turns Moon Dirt Into Bricks, a Potential Breakthrough in Lunar Construction
https://gizmodo.com/solar-powered-device-turns-moon-dirt-into-bricks-a-potential-breakthrough-in-lunar-construction-2000640313

Boffins turn Moon dirt into glass for solar panels, eye future lunar base power
https://www.theregister.com/2025/04/08/melted_moon_dust/

China plans to build enormous solar array in space
https://www.livescience.com/space/space-exploration/china-plans-to-build-enormous-solar-array-in-space-and-it-could-collect-more-energy-in-a-year-than-all-the-oil-on-earth

Bio-molding of lunar regolith with bio-carbonized magnesium oxide
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949929124000913

The moon is too hot and too cold; now it could be just right for humans, thanks to newly available science
https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/2023/Q1/the-moon-is-too-hot-and-too-cold-now-it-could-be-just-right-for-humans-thanks-to-newly-available-science/
Experiments to complete scientific understanding of how reduced gravity affects boiling and condensation


Cold-Fusion, would you even need to worry about energy waste or solar?

only laboratory to have demonstrated a net energy gain from a fusion reaction

We've been 'close' to achieving fusion power for 50 years. When will it actually happen?
https://www.space.com/when-will-we-achieve-fusion-power

and then of course you have the reality of trying to build a factory powered by a 'Fusion' reactor building Solar farms...but that seems to be in the direction of scifi, only rare laboratory experiments seem to have demonstrated a net energy gain from a fusion reaction