Full Duplex Radio

[sanman]

A company called Kumu Networks has come up with a way to send and receive information on the same frequency, also known as Full Duplex transmission, by solving the problem of self-interference:

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/520586/the-clever-circuit-that-doubles-bandwidth/

What is the potential for this to be used in improving spacecraft communications and telemetry?
What are the obstacles, if any?

[Vahe231991]

A company called Kumu Networks has come up with a way to send and receive information on the same frequency, also known as Full Duplex transmission, by solving the problem of self-interference:

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/520586/the-clever-circuit-that-doubles-bandwidth/

What is the potential for this to be used in improving spacecraft communications and telemetry?
What are the obstacles, if any?

To answer both of your questions, this post on the blog On All Bands explains advantages and hurdles for full duplex radio to be used on communications satellites:

The advantages to full-duplex on FM satellites are significant. Full-duplex can be obtained by using two separate HTs, two all-band radios such as the Yaesu FT-818, a dual-band HT capable of full-duplex operation like the Kenwood TH-D72A, or a satellite base station rig such as the ICOM IC-9700.


....However, the freedom of bandwidth creates new challenges. FM satellites only have one channel to use, so there’s relatively little tuning to do. For linear satellites, you must find your transmitted signal within the passband of the transponder’s downlink. That’s also where you will find other stations calling you to make a contact; they’re hearing your signal the same way you are. Finding your own signal within a 50 kHz spread can be difficult for newer operators. This necessitates you having a second radio to find your own signal. Without knowing where your signal is landing in the downlink, you won’t hear anybody calling you who wants a contact.

[laszlo]

sanman's link is dead but the article can be found by searching for the topic name at the home page. Here's a link to the original paper : http://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2013/papers/sigcomm/p375.pdf

Vahe231991's blog post link is for amateur radio satellite communications and is not really applicable to the question.

As the article  article points out, a different version of this cancellation tech is already being used on comsats to boost bandwidth. This implementation could help with satellite design since it only needs one antenna to simultaneously send and receive.

This method is mainly meant for WiFi and cell phones. From a quick look (and I may have missed something) it may not be applicable beyond LEO/GEO distances due to signal strength considerations. The new method decreases self-interference by 110 dB while increasing the noise floor by 2 dB and decreasing the SNR by 1 dB. While the degradations are not a problem for terrestrial cell and WiFi, with the -294 dB path loss to Mars I don't think that the incoming signal could be heard.

It could, however, make for a more efficient suit radio for EVAs.