Author Topic: Chandrayaan-1 launch - First Indian mission to the Moon - October 22, 2008  (Read 136779 times)

Offline marsavian

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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/india/Chandrayaan-sends-images-of-Apollo-15-landing/articleshow/4964829.cms
http://www.hindu.com/seta/2009/09/03/stories/2009090350041300.htm

Scientist rubbishes Apollo 15 conspiracy theory

A Camera on board India’s maiden unmanned lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 has recorded images of the landing site of US spacecraft Apollo 15, a scientist said today, rubbishing conspiracy theories that the fourth US mission to land on the moon four decades back was a hoax.

The Terrain mapper camera (TMC) on board Chandrayaan-1, which had an abrupt end a few days back, has sent the prints of landing site of Apollo 15 and tracks of the lunar rovers used by astronauts to travel on lunar surface, a senior scientist associated with India’s lunar mission said during a presentation here.

“The images captured by hyper spectral camera fitted as a part of Chandrayaan-1 image payload has reconfirmed the veracity of Apollo 15 mission,” said Dr. Prakash Chauhan, who is a senior scientist with Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) Hyderabad-based space application centre.

Chauhan was presenting the findings of Chandrayaan-1 mission in his paper ‘Chandrayaan-1: TMC and HYSI data analysis for Apollo landing sites and ‘Mare Orientale’, which would be unveiled in public domain two months later, after further analysis.

The Chandrayaan-1 images have disproved the theory of conspiracy which had claimed that the Apollo 15 was a hoax, he said.

“Chandrayaan-1 has managed to identify the landing site used by the Apollo 15 shuttle on the basis of the disturbances on the moon’s surface,” Chauhan said.

« Last Edit: 09/03/2009 03:46 am by marsavian »

Offline Blackstar

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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/india/Chandrayaan-I-was-killed-by-heat-stroke/articleshow/4979818.cms

"Chandrayaan-I was 'killed' by heat stroke
Andrew Pereira, TNN 7 September 2009, 01:12am IST
PANAJI: The reasons for early termination of the Chandrayaan-I mission are now tumbling out and they reveal that ISRO had kept the Moon orbiter's problems tightly under wraps.

Contrary to the space agency's explanation that Chandrayaan's orbit around the Moon had been raised from 100km to 200km in May this year for a better view of the Moon's surface, it is now known that this was because of a miscalculation of the Moon's temperature that had led to faulty thermal protection.

Admitting this, Dr T K Alex, director, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore, said, “We assumed that the temperature at 100km above the Moon's surface would be around 75 degrees Celsius. However, it was more than 75 degrees and problems started to surface. We had to raise the orbit to 200km.""


This isn't exactly a surprise to people involved in the program.  I've heard some griping that the Indians did not listen to some of their American counterparts who warned them about the thermal issue.  As a result, Chandrayaan-1 was not properly shielded.  Dunno if that is true.
« Last Edit: 09/07/2009 09:49 pm by Blackstar »

Offline seshagirib

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Too bad. Well, they accomplished quite a lot in this, their first mission to the moon, so my hat's off to them.

Some European scientists concur:
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/india/Chandrayaan-1-a-fantastic-success-European-scientist/articleshow/5005806.cms
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Offline jacqmans

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RELEASE: 10-055

NASA RADAR FINDS ICE DEPOSITS AT MOON'S NORTH POLE; ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE OF WATER ACTIVITY ON MOON

WASHINGTON -- Using data from a NASA radar that flew aboard India's
Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, scientists have detected ice deposits near
the moon's north pole. NASA's Mini-SAR instrument, a lightweight,
synthetic aperture radar, found more than 40 small craters with water
ice. The craters range in size from 1 to 9 miles (2 to15 km) in
diameter. Although the total amount of ice depends on its thickness
in each crater, it's estimated there could be at least 1.3 million
pounds (600 million metric tons) of water ice.

"The emerging picture from the multiple measurements and resulting
data of the instruments on lunar missions indicates that water
creation, migration, deposition and retention are occurring on the
moon," said Paul Spudis, principal investigator of the Mini-SAR
experiment at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston. "The new
discoveries show the moon is an even more interesting and attractive
scientific, exploration and operational destination than people had
previously thought."

During the past year, the Mini-SAR mapped the moon's
permanently-shadowed polar craters that aren't visible from Earth.
The radar uses the polarization properties of reflected radio waves
to characterize surface properties. Results from the mapping showed
deposits having radar characteristics similar to ice.

"After analyzing the data, our science team determined a strong
indication of water ice, a finding which will give future missions a
new target to further explore and exploit," said Jason Crusan,
program executive for the Mini-RF Program for NASA's Space Operations
Mission Directorate in Washington.

The Mini-SAR's findings are being published in the journal Geophysical
Research Letters. The results are consistent with recent findings of
other NASA instruments and add to the growing scientific
understanding of the multiple forms of water found on the moon. The
agency's Moon Mineralogy Mapper discovered water molecules in the
moon's polar regions, while water vapor was detected by NASA's Lunar
Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS.

Mini-SAR and Moon Mineralogy Mapper are two of 11 instruments on the
Indian Space Research Organization's Chandrayaan-1. The Applied
Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md., performed the final integration
and testing on Mini-SAR. It was developed and built by the Naval Air
Warfare Center in China Lake, Calif., and several other commercial
and government contributors.

For more information about NASA's Mini-SAR, also known as Mini-RF,
visit:



http://www.nasa.gov/mini-rf


For more information about the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, visit:



http://m3.jpl.nasa.gov


For more information about LCROSS, visit:



http://www.nasa.gov/lcross


For more information about Chandrayaan-1, visit:



http://www.isro.org/Chandrayaan
Jacques :-)

Offline seshagirib

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Another Chandrayan discovery!

"Magnetic Refuge Found on Moon"

http://news.discovery.com/space/moon-magnetic-field.html
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Offline Space Pete

NASASpaceflight ISS Editor

Offline seshagirib

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http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/ISRO_finds_cave_in_moon_can_be_used_as_base_station_for_astronauts-nid-79567.html

"
Cave in moon:Base station for astronauts?



New Delhi: Scientists at the Indian Space Research Organization have discovered a giant underground chamber on the moon, which they feel could be used as a base by astronauts on future manned missions to moon.

An analysis by an instrument on Chandrayaan-1 revealed a 1.7-km long and 120-metre wide cave near the moon's equator that is in the Oceanus Procellarum area of the moon that could be a suitable 'base station' for future human missions.
......
......
"
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Offline pradeep

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Some of the Chandrayaan-I images have been posted online at http://www.issdc.gov.in. I guess they're waiting for the data policy to change in 2011 before releasing the image in full resolution, which is expected some time soon.

Pradeep

Offline Ohsin

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Hello old friend. Missed ya!  :-*

Quote
“We have been able to detect NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter [LRO] and the Indian Space Research Organization’s Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft in lunar orbit with ground-based radar,” said Marina Brozović, a radar scientist at JPL and principal investigator for the test project. “Finding LRO was relatively easy, as we were working with the mission’s navigators and had precise orbit data where it was located. Finding India’s Chandrayaan-1 required a bit more detective work because the last contact with the spacecraft was in August of 2009.”

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/new-nasa-radar-technique-finds-lost-lunar-spacecraft

Edit: May be I should've started a new thread
« Last Edit: 03/09/2017 06:28 pm by Ohsin »
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Offline Star One

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Scientists spy new evidence of water in the Moon's interior

Quote
The research, which Milliken co-authored with Shuai Li, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Hawaii and a recent Brown Ph.D. graduate, is published in Nature Geoscience.

Detecting the water content of lunar volcanic deposits using orbital instruments is no easy task. Scientists use orbital spectrometers to measure the light that bounces off a planetary surface. By looking at which wavelengths of light are absorbed or reflected by the surface, scientists can get an idea of which minerals and other compounds are present.

The problem is that the lunar surface heats up over the course of a day, especially at the latitudes where these pyroclastic deposits are located. That means that in addition to the light reflected from the surface, the spectrometer also ends up measuring heat.

"That thermally emitted radiation happens at the same wavelengths that we need to use to look for water," Milliken said. "So in order to say with any confidence that water is present, we first need to account for and remove the thermally emitted component."

Quote
To do that, Li and Milliken used laboratory-based measurements of samples returned from the Apollo missions, combined with a detailed temperature profile of the areas of interest on the Moon's surface. Using the new thermal correction, the researchers looked at data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, an imaging spectrometer that flew aboard India's Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter.

The researchers found evidence of water in nearly all of the large pyroclastic deposits that had been previously mapped across the Moon's surface, including deposits near the Apollo 15 and 17 landing sites where the water-bearing glass bead samples were collected.

https://m.phys.org/news/2017-07-scientists-spy-evidence-moon-interior.html

Offline Phil Stooke

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I am resurrecting this old thread to follow up on this post in the Chandrayaan 2 thread:

https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=20324.msg1992673#msg1992673

Astro-Neel posted some very useful video and other links, including one showing a descent video from MIP on Chandrayaan 1. 

The descent frames cover the last few minutes of MIP's descent, from over Malapert crater to a final image near the south pole.  Note that we don't know that the last frame shown is the last frame taken (or received).  I had suggested that it might lead to an improved estimate of the MIP impact point.  There are two published locations for the impact, the most authoritative being the one in ISRO's report to UNOOSA after the impact, which Astro-Neel also linked to later:

http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/ser570E.pdf

(note that the comment in that report about a name for the impact site being accepted by the IAU is not correct - it remains an informal name).

I have located the last image in the video (below).  It is on the rim of a small crater about 7 by 10 km across, and 1.5 km north of the UNOOSA impact coordinates.  The shape of the image outline suggests it was taken slightly obliquely from a position north of the image center, not too far north but maybe over its northern edge.  North is to the left, approximately).

The second image below shows a predicted impact location.  MIP may have struck the surface on the wall of that crater in ellipse 1, or it may have flown above that crater rim and hit the surface on the rim of the next crater in ellipse 2 on my image.  If it passed over that crater rim it would have hit the earth-facing slope of the 'connecting ridge' between the rims of the two large craters (De Gerlache and Shackleton).








« Last Edit: 09/22/2019 03:53 pm by Phil Stooke »

Offline chetan_chpd

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Phil has done a great job here in the attached image

I have a video of MIP descent without any TV graphics on it...I will share it soon...hope it will help.

Offline Phil Stooke

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Thank you!  Here is an updated version of that image, and a new image showing some of the last frame locations:


Offline ravi_ram

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Thank you!  Here is an updated version of that image, and a new image showing some of the last frame locations:

There is a paper published on estimating associated component of MIP motion viz.; spinning rate, coning rate, velocity based on the acquired time sequential images.   

Title: Evaluation of Associated Motion Parameters of Descending Moon Impact Probe (MIP) of Chandrayan-1 from Time Sequential Images
URL: http://www.hrpub.org/download/20131201/ASP2-19101202.pdf

Attached the paper (renamed the online one)

Offline Phil Stooke

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Thanks for that link.  There is more on this subject on www.unmannedspaceflight.com in the Chandrayaan 2 thread (may be moved to its own thread later).  Conclusion - MIP flew past the 'official' coordinates and landed closer to the 'Connecting Ridge' between Shackleton and De Gerlache. 

Offline chetan_chpd

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Phil has done a great job here in the attached image

I have a video of MIP descent without any TV graphics on it...I will share it soon...hope it will help.

video attached...

Offline Phil Stooke

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Latest version of this brings the last currently mapped image to well beyond the 'official' position in the UN document.  The impact must have been on the Earth-facing slope of the Connecting Ridge.  Here's a map showing current results.  There are a few more images not yet located, and the impact should be somewhere near the 'bottom' end (in my image) or the western end (on the Moon) of that white ellipse.


Offline Phil Stooke

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This is an update to the previous image showing the locations of the last few MIP images and a projected impact site.   I only show images which are available at present. I have been seeking more but without success.

It is possible that MIP flew over the ridge where I suggest it crashed and struck another ridge (the 'Connecting Ridge') a moment later. The map in A shows a projection of the descent trajectory to the surface at about 89.63° S, 110.77° W, slightly over the mean limb on the farside. Alternatively MIP may have passed just above that ridge and struck the surface near 89.42° S, 134.00° W (coordinates may be revised slightly). The impact feature has not been identified.

The first Artemis landing may be in this area and it is entirely possible that the first visitors in this century will find debris from MIP on the surface. 

Offline Astro_Neel

This is an update to the previous image showing the locations of the last few MIP images and a projected impact site.   I only show images which are available at present. I have been seeking more but without success.

It is possible that MIP flew over the ridge where I suggest it crashed and struck another ridge (the 'Connecting Ridge') a moment later. The map in A shows a projection of the descent trajectory to the surface at about 89.63° S, 110.77° W, slightly over the mean limb on the farside. Alternatively MIP may have passed just above that ridge and struck the surface near 89.42° S, 134.00° W (coordinates may be revised slightly). The impact feature has not been identified.

The first Artemis landing may be in this area and it is entirely possible that the first visitors in this century will find debris from MIP on the surface.

Hello Dr. Stooke,

I read an abstract of a very recent work of yours, in collaboration with Dr. S.M. Ahmed and Shan Subramaniam w.r.t. the topic above that also carries the same image. Here is that abstract from LPSC 2021 that I'm referring to- https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2021/pdf/1013.pdf

For this same LPSC that will be held virtually this year, I've been selected as one of the official Microbloggers of the conference. As part of my job, I'm required to share interesting/important talks and presentations from this event across the various digital platforms for the outreach purposes of LPSC 2021. So I was curious to know if I may have your permission to share your work online, in which (it goes without saying) I'll be giving full credits and acknowledgement to all the authors. Your approval to do so would be highly appreciated! Thank you. :)

P.S.- By the way, I'm the same Astro_Neel that sparked this old conversation. :)

I am resurrecting this old thread to follow up on this post in the Chandrayaan 2 thread:

https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=20324.msg1992673#msg1992673

Astro-Neel posted some very useful video and other links, including one showing a descent video from MIP on Chandrayaan 1. 

The descent frames cover the last few minutes of MIP's descent, from over Malapert crater to a final image near the south pole.  Note that we don't know that the last frame shown is the last frame taken (or received).  I had suggested that it might lead to an improved estimate of the MIP impact point.  There are two published locations for the impact, the most authoritative being the one in ISRO's report to UNOOSA after the impact, which Astro-Neel also linked to later:

http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/ser570E.pdf
« Last Edit: 03/11/2021 01:14 am by Astro_Neel »
Per Aspera Ad Astra ✨

Offline Phil Stooke

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Yes - you can use anything you like.  I am now confident that MIP did not clear the ridge and fly over it to crash in Sverdrup crater.  It has to be on the Connecting Ridge.
« Last Edit: 03/11/2021 01:08 am by Phil Stooke »

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