Author Topic: The Satellite Data System and the evolution of the EOI relay satellte in 60s-70s  (Read 25975 times)

Offline hoku

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As a reminder of the 2021 ZAMAN release, please find attached a 2-page document on the RS (Relay Satellite) schedule. The plan was to select two contractors for Phase 1 and 2 studies in June 1970. After the evaluation of Phase 2, the acquisition process would be started with one of the contractors in Sep 1971. Planned launch dates for the two RS were April and June 1974.

Overall, the release has a lot of info on the contractor selection (though I don't recall TRW being explicitly named as the losing party for RS, but maybe I overlooked this):

   Segment
#   Term      Name         Contractor
1   SI   Systems integration      GE (over LMSC/Boeing)
2   I/S   Imaging satellite      LMSC (over GE/Boeing)
3   R/F   Receive facility         GE (over LMSC/Boeing)
4   O/F   Operations facility      GE (over LMSC/Boeing)
5   P/F   Processing facility      E-Systems (over General Dynamics)?
(5)   DP/F   Digital processing facility   BDM Corporation? (Texas based)
(17)   PP/F   Photoprocessing facility
6   O/S   Optics subsystem      Eastman Kodak? (ULE mirror blanks by Corning supported by egg-crate structure)
7   R/S   Relay segment         Hughes Aircraft

Additional contractors:
Term      Subsystem
ACS      Attitude control system
ADCA   Antenna directional control assembly,
      Communications antenna

      Image chain performance program

LIR      Laser image reconstructor      EK (New Jersey based)
OBC      Onboard computer
SSA      Star sensor assembly
TDPS   Transducer data processing subsystem   Fairchild Research and Development Lab?
TWT      Traveling wave tubes
TWTA   Traveling wave tubes amplifier   Hughes Aircraft (Space Group)
      Encryption/decryption system
 

Online LittleBird

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As a reminder of the 2021 ZAMAN release, please find attached a 2-page document on the RS (Relay Satellite) schedule. The plan was to select two contractors for Phase 1 and 2 studies in June 1970. After the evaluation of Phase 2, the acquisition process would be started with one of the contractors in Sep 1971. Planned launch dates for the two RS were April and June 1974.

Overall, the release has a lot of info on the contractor selection (though I don't recall TRW being explicitly named as the losing party for RS, but maybe I overlooked this):
 

Many thanks, you really are helping preserve a corporate memory that NRO itself seems to be losing in some ways, if that recent volume is indicative. Not sure if I have seen an official statement about losing contractors either, but interestingly Aviation Week at the time had TRW, and had GE and TRW involved at an earlier stage (see grabs). I think TRW rather blotted its copybook with the troubles of Intelsat III, though RHYOLITE was obviously an (expensive) success, and in due course so were DSCS II and FLTSATCOM.

It's also intriguing that although a bit garbled there was speculation even from early on about the role of satcoms in relaying imagery.

The potential DSP relay application, meanwhile, was accurate but already out of date according to the histories (specifically the Vance Mitchell history that Blackstar drew on for one of his  Space Review pieces), in that it had already been ruled out.
« Last Edit: 11/19/2024 07:57 am by LittleBird »

Online Blackstar

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Many thanks, you really are helping preserve a corporate memory that NRO itself seems to be losing in some ways, if that recent volume is indicative. Not sure if I have seen an official statement about losing contractors either, but interestingly Aviation Week at the time had TRW, and had GE and TRW

Yeah, thank you too. And thanks to the people who regularly post and update these threads. Although I write about this stuff a lot, I don't look at every document, and I also forget stuff that I've seen. So these threads are great reminders and helpful.

Online LittleBird

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Many thanks, you really are helping preserve a corporate memory that NRO itself seems to be losing in some ways, if that recent volume is indicative. Not sure if I have seen an official statement about losing contractors either, but interestingly Aviation Week at the time had TRW, and had GE and TRW

Yeah, thank you too. And thanks to the people who regularly post and update these threads. Although I write about this stuff a lot, I don't look at every document, and I also forget stuff that I've seen. So these threads are great reminders and helpful.

And thanks again @hoku, this time for spotting and posting in the KH-11 thread that the NRO has recently declassified a slightly less redacted, and more readable version of Mitchell's history.

https://www.nro.gov/foia-home/foia-fiscal-year-2025/
https://www.nro.gov/Portals/135/documents/foia/declass/ForAll/FY25%20Q1/F-2024-00151_C05151894.pdf
« Last Edit: 05/12/2025 04:49 am by LittleBird »

Online LittleBird

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A few more details from the FY78 budget hearings:

SDS FY77 approved budget was US$59.4M, and the requests/projections were $83.2M for FY78, and $26.1M for FY79. The 4th SDS, which was purchased in FY77, was the refurbished qualification model ($30.1M). The FY78 request lists $49.1M for the 5th SDS satellite (USA-4, which was launched in 1984?).

Launch vehicle costs for FY78 include "sustained launch capability" for the Titan IIIB booster ($4.1M) and the Agena upper stage ($3.5M). The purchasing costs for the Agena were $10.4M. The purchasing costs for the booster ($29.3M) were part of the FY77 budget.

Thus total purchasing costs for the hardware for the launch of one 1st generation, new (not-refurbished) SDS satellite were about $90M in 1977 US$ (inflation adjusted US$450M in 2023).

Edit: FY72 ($17.8M), FY73 ($23.0M), FY74 ($40M), F75 ($36.5M), F76+F7T ($23M) budget estimates added.

All v nice hoku-if you have page 415 where they discuss DSP handy please post that to the DSP thread-would be really nice to see what was being said about it in public at that point. DSP and the relay sat were two of the three Special Access Required (i.e. partly clssified but not TK/BYEMAN) programmes at that time-we don't know what #3 was afaik.

Hoku's post reminds me of the interesting assertion in Mitchell history that in very early 1970s there were 3 Special Access Required (SAR) payloads. One was DSP, one SDS, I'm guessing the 3rd was DMSP ?

Interesting that Mitchell says they all had NRO connections. Obvious for SDS, and true for DMSP at very least wrt its genesis. Less obviously true for DSP ?

Online Blackstar

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And thanks again @hoku, this time for spotting and posting in the KH-11 thread that the NRO has recently declassified a slightly less redacted, and more readable version of Mitchell's history.

https://www.nro.gov/foia-home/foia-fiscal-year-2025/

You'll note that they released documents for Q1 of 2025, but not Q2, 3, and 4 of 2024. They seem to be a bit scattershot on that.

Online Blackstar

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a slightly less redacted, and more readable version of Mitchell's history.

What is less redacted than the prior version?

Last time I went through this, I think the only thing they revealed was the name "KENNEN," which we already knew.



Note that I wrote about SDS primarily based upon Mitchell's history seven years ago. If there's new stuff in the new version, I will update that article and republish it:

https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3440/1

« Last Edit: 05/12/2025 03:43 pm by Blackstar »

Online LittleBird

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a slightly less redacted, and more readable version of Mitchell's history.

What is less redacted than the prior version?

Last time I went through this, I think the only thing they revealed was the name "KENNEN," which we already knew.



Note that I wrote about SDS primarily based upon Mitchell's history seven years ago. If there's new stuff in the new version, I will update that article and republish it:

https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3440/1

i’ll have to check. I noticed things I didn’t remember seeing before but may of course be wrong

Online Blackstar

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a slightly less redacted, and more readable version of Mitchell's history.

What is less redacted than the prior version?

Last time I went through this, I think the only thing they revealed was the name "KENNEN," which we already knew.



Note that I wrote about SDS primarily based upon Mitchell's history seven years ago. If there's new stuff in the new version, I will update that article and republish it:

https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3440/1

i’ll have to check. I noticed things I didn’t remember seeing before but may of course be wrong

Don't bother. I just did. I'll post. There's nothing new.

Online Blackstar

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I just compared the 2012 release to the 2024 release. The only new bits are:

KENNEN
ZAMAN
ZOSTER
Hughes

But I'm pretty sure that all those were revealed in a release a few years ago, so there's nothing new in the 2024 release.

What is disappointing is that they could have released a bit more about the orbits. They've already indicated that the highly-elliptical orbit was used.

One page mentions the addition of a third secondary payload. I cannot remember what that was. Anybody have any ideas?

Online LittleBird

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I just compared the 2012 release to the 2024 release. The only new bits are:

KENNEN
ZAMAN
ZOSTER
Hughes

But I'm pretty sure that all those were revealed in a release a few years ago, so there's nothing new in the 2024 release.

What is disappointing is that they could have released a bit more about the orbits. They've already indicated that the highly-elliptical orbit was used.

One page mentions the addition of a third secondary payload. I cannot remember what that was. Anybody have any ideas?

See https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=59168.msg2503456#msg2503456

First and second secondary payloads are  satellite ground station relay and  SIOP comms pacakge, but you'd need to check the order.

Third  (you thought) was a bhangmeter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhangmeter, but not totally clear to me what evidence is.

If that's true though then they weren't acknowledging presence of an IR sensor which some believe SDS to have carried.

To reiterate my weak joke about the opening titles of Soap, "confused, you won't be, after this episode" ;-)
« Last Edit: 05/14/2025 09:53 am by LittleBird »

Online Blackstar

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I'm going to run a slightly updated version of my earlier SDS article in The Space Review. I found it on my hard drive and I apparently edited it last fall. It has been seven years, so I might as well rerun it with a few updates.

Offline Kyra's kosmos

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A bit of reasoned speculation: Could STS-38 have launched 2 SDS-B's to GEO?

1. The payload margin was near its limit, also concerns about Middeck secondaries' weight (perhaps a CG consideration)
2. Need for a spare or coverage in GEO as first Block aged out.
3. Reduplication on R11 panel configuration
4. Lack of anything new on Prowler besides rumor, but indications there were two satellite launches and separation burns.

Online Blackstar

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A bit of reasoned speculation: Could STS-38 have launched 2 SDS-B's to GEO?

1. The payload margin was near its limit, also concerns about Middeck secondaries' weight (perhaps a CG consideration)
2. Need for a spare or coverage in GEO as first Block aged out.
3. Reduplication on R11 panel configuration
4. Lack of anything new on Prowler besides rumor, but indications there were two satellite launches and separation burns.

Nope. It was what it was.

Online LittleBird

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A bit of reasoned speculation: Could STS-38 have launched 2 SDS-B's to GEO?

1. The payload margin was near its limit, also concerns about Middeck secondaries' weight (perhaps a CG consideration)
2. Need for a spare or coverage in GEO as first Block aged out.
3. Reduplication on R11 panel configuration
4. Lack of anything new on Prowler besides rumor, but indications there were two satellite launches and separation burns.

Nope. It was what it was.

One interesting indication of this is the fact that Ted Molczan's "Evaluation of ..." document (attached) can be found in Bud Wheelon's papers at the Huntington library iirc (see the online catalogue, which another user posted in a thread here a while ago). Seems rather less likely to have interested him if it wasn't real ;-).

Last time I looked online quite a few of his papers remained awaiting security review as you might expect, but what is there looks fascinating.

Offline Jim

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A bit of reasoned speculation: Could STS-38 have launched 2 SDS-B's to GEO?

1. The payload margin was near its limit, also concerns about Middeck secondaries' weight (perhaps a CG consideration)
2. Need for a spare or coverage in GEO as first Block aged out.
3. Reduplication on R11 panel configuration
4. Lack of anything new on Prowler besides rumor, but indications there were two satellite launches and separation burns.

How can a satellite with integral propulsion sized for injection into a Molnyia orbit, have the ability to reach GEO?
« Last Edit: 05/16/2025 12:36 pm by Jim »

Online Blackstar

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I'm trying to find something that I saw in the 1990s (and had a copy), but cannot find. It may be a Rockwell press kit for STS-53. What I know is that it had a line drawing of the shuttle payload bay that showed a large shaded object, representing the payload, mounted inside. It is not in the NASA press kit for the STS-53 mission. STS-53 launched an SDS satellite.

Anybody remember anything like this?

I want to use that graphic for my SDS article, but need to find it first.


Update: Never mind. I found it in one of my old articles. But if somebody has the original source, that would be nice.

« Last Edit: 05/17/2025 06:52 pm by Blackstar »

Offline Jim

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I'm trying to find something that I saw in the 1990s (and had a copy), but cannot find. It may be a Rockwell press kit for STS-53. What I know is that it had a line drawing of the shuttle payload bay that showed a large shaded object, representing the payload, mounted inside. It is not in the NASA press kit for the STS-53 mission. STS-53 launched an SDS satellite.

Anybody remember anything like this?

I want to use that graphic for my SDS article, but need to find it first.


Update: Never mind. I found it in one of my old articles. But if somebody has the original source, that would be nice.


Here is the JSC one used in documentation
« Last Edit: 05/17/2025 07:06 pm by Jim »

Offline AnalogMan

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I'm trying to find something that I saw in the 1990s (and had a copy), but cannot find. It may be a Rockwell press kit for STS-53. What I know is that it had a line drawing of the shuttle payload bay that showed a large shaded object, representing the payload, mounted inside. It is not in the NASA press kit for the STS-53 mission. STS-53 launched an SDS satellite.

Anybody remember anything like this?

I want to use that graphic for my SDS article, but need to find it first.


Update: Never mind. I found it in one of my old articles. But if somebody has the original source, that would be nice.



See pdf page 14 of the attached document.

Online Blackstar

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I'm trying to find something that I saw in the 1990s (and had a copy), but cannot find. It may be a Rockwell press kit for STS-53. What I know is that it had a line drawing of the shuttle payload bay that showed a large shaded object, representing the payload, mounted inside. It is not in the NASA press kit for the STS-53 mission. STS-53 launched an SDS satellite.

Anybody remember anything like this?

I want to use that graphic for my SDS article, but need to find it first.


Update: Never mind. I found it in one of my old articles. But if somebody has the original source, that would be nice.



See pdf page 14 of the attached document.

Super thanks. I'm glad to have a better version.

Looks to be about the size of Leasat, no?

Tags: sds quasar eoi 
 

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