Author Topic: Apollo 17  (Read 27058 times)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Apollo 17
« on: 12/06/2014 06:28 pm »
Forty-two years ago today (or early tomorrow morning, if you were in the Eastern time zone), Apollo 17 took off in a blaze of light and glory.

This picture is purported to be of the Apollo 17 vehicle on the pad during the day of launch.  The MSS has been pulled back and the vehicle stands along with its launch tower.  More tonight...
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #1 on: 12/07/2014 05:08 am »
Apollo 17.  The last flight of "mainline Apollo."  The final lunar landing flight of Apollo.  The first, and only, launch of a Saturn V at night.

And the *only* Saturn V launch ever delayed for technical reasons.

I still recall sitting at my family TV, on the floor with a Yashica-Mat camera on a specially modified mount that was exactly even with the TV screen at the ready to take pictures off the TV.  We get to the final minute of the count, my blood pressure and heart rate begin to rise, when...

"T-minus 30 seconds, we have a cutoff, we have a cutoff at T-minus 30 seconds. We are standing by at T-minus 30 second mark.  We'll bring word to you just as soon as we get it. We have a cutoff at T-minus 30 seconds. T-minus 30 seconds and holding. This is Kennedy Launch Control."

A sensor failed to report the third stage tank pressurization complete to the automatic sequencer, and the sequencer shut down the count.  Or, if you ascribe to my brother's theory of the night, the Saturn was such a large and complex vehicle that it attained some kind of sentience, and was aware a billion or more people were watching it -- and just wanted to bask in the glow of the searchlights for a little while longer before doing its thing.

A quick jumper to the automatic sequencer (not a computer program but an electromechanical sequencer, so to tell it the failed sensor path was not to stop the count, two leads were jumpered to complete the required signal path).  This time, at just past 11 pm CST on 12/6/72, fire belched from the base of the most mighty rocket in history and a pillar of light lifted into the sky as an ersatz sun.
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #2 on: 12/07/2014 09:21 am »
After the only mid-Atlantic TLI in Apollo, CSM America and LM Challenger headed out towards the Moon.

Because the landing site was farther east than any other during Apollo, the Moon was a nearly new Moon at launch.  As the phases of the Earth and the Moon are related in an inverse fashion, a new Moon means a full Earth.  This resulted in the now-iconic full Earth picture featuring a fine view of Africa and Antarctica.

Below I give you a few images of the transposition and docking maneuver, and the receding Earth.
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #3 on: 12/12/2014 03:40 am »
Seventeen, as I mentioned before, landed at the easternmost site of all of the Apollo landings.  That meant that the crew could see the Moon as they approached for LOI, unlike crews who landed at sites farther west where the spacecraft approached the Moon while in its shadow.

This also meant there was more and brighter Earthlight onto the non-sunlit face of the near side.  So the first image below is a view of Mare Orientale in Earthlight.  The second is a view of the Earth setting near the beginning of the lunar orbital portion of the mission.  As a contrast, the third image is of Earthset near the end of their time on and around the Moon, showing how much the Earth's disk had slimmed to a thin crescent after spending nearly a week there.
« Last Edit: 12/12/2014 03:41 am by the_other_Doug »
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #4 on: 12/12/2014 03:45 am »
And then Challenger separated from America and pulled away...
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #5 on: 12/16/2014 02:18 am »
Apollo 17 on the Moon.

I'll just let the pictures speak for themselves...
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline Ronpur50

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #6 on: 12/16/2014 02:33 am »
If I remember right, it was during Apollo 17 that we looked up at the sky when leaving my grandparents farm to see a sight very similar the picture below.  We assumed that somehow, we were seeing Apollo on the way to the moon.  ( I was 6!) However, in the morning paper, we discovered we were not the only ones who thought that.  But they said it was Venus.  Oh well.  At least it got everyone looking at the moon and thinking of Apollo again.
« Last Edit: 12/16/2014 02:33 am by Ronpur50 »

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #7 on: 12/16/2014 02:35 am »
And I pledge allegiance...
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #8 on: 12/16/2014 02:37 am »
If I remember right, it was during Apollo 17 that we looked up at the sky when leaving my grandparents farm to see a sight very similar the picture below.  We assumed that somehow, we were seeing Apollo on the way to the moon.  ( I was 6!) However, in the morning paper, we discovered we were not the only ones who thought that.  But they said it was Venus.  Oh well.  At least it got everyone looking at the moon and thinking of Apollo again.

That's definitely Venus -- but it's a great picture, nonetheless!

And yes, one of the most salutary aspects of Apollo was seeing how people looked up into the night sky, for awhile there, and saw themselves there...
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #9 on: 12/16/2014 02:46 am »
Working on the Moon...
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline dks13827

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #10 on: 12/16/2014 02:52 am »
I thank all of you for posting some wonderful Apollo 17 memories.

Offline Avron

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #11 on: 12/16/2014 03:20 am »
"And, as we leave the Moon at Taurus- Littrow, we leave as we came and, God willing, as we shall return, with peace and hope for all mankind. Godspeed the crew of Apollo 17."

Offline dave1938

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #12 on: 12/16/2014 03:38 am »
If I remember right, it was during Apollo 17 that we looked up at the sky when leaving my grandparents farm to see a sight very similar the picture below.  We assumed that somehow, we were seeing Apollo on the way to the moon.  ( I was 6!) However, in the morning paper, we discovered we were not the only ones who thought that.  But they said it was Venus.  Oh well.  At least it got everyone looking at the moon and thinking of Apollo again.

As the photo a few posts above yours shows the Earth was a small crescent when Apollo 17 was at the Moon. Thus the Moon as seen from the Earth at the same time would have been the exact opposite that is nearly full.
D-1938

Offline dave1938

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #13 on: 12/16/2014 04:00 am »
Apollo 17.  The last flight of "mainline Apollo."  The final lunar landing flight of Apollo.  The first, and only, launch of a Saturn V at night.

And the *only* Saturn V launch ever delayed for technical reasons.

I still recall sitting at my family TV, on the floor with a Yashica-Mat camera on a specially modified mount that was exactly even with the TV screen at the ready to take pictures off the TV.  We get to the final minute of the count, my blood pressure and heart rate begin to rise, when...

"T-minus 30 seconds, we have a cutoff, we have a cutoff at T-minus 30 seconds. We are standing by at T-minus 30 second mark.  We'll bring word to you just as soon as we get it. We have a cutoff at T-minus 30 seconds. T-minus 30 seconds and holding. This is Kennedy Launch Control."

A sensor failed to report the third stage tank pressurization complete to the automatic sequencer, and the sequencer shut down the count.  Or, if you ascribe to my brother's theory of the night, the Saturn was such a large and complex vehicle that it attained some kind of sentience, and was aware a billion or more people were watching it -- and just wanted to bask in the glow of the searchlights for a little while longer before doing its thing.

A quick jumper to the automatic sequencer (not a computer program but an electromechanical sequencer, so to tell it the failed sensor path was not to stop the count, two leads were jumpered to complete the required signal path).  This time, at just past 11 pm CST on 12/6/72, fire belched from the base of the most mighty rocket in history and a pillar of light lifted into the sky as an ersatz sun.

The third stage (S-IVB) LOX tank pressurization Command was not issued by the computer in the first launch attempt or the signal was lost before the mechanical relay on the command path leaving the computer. The engineer on the console took silence action, as he was supposed to do, and threw the switch on his console to start the Lox tank pressurization. The tank was actually at flight pressure when the cut off was issued ( because the computer "saw" the relay was not latched) even though the tank was at flight pressure......The vacuum tube stuffed IBM computer was not programmed to see if the human took care of that pressurization task. The test conductor polled the Firing Room for anomalies after the vehicle was in a safe condition. The Contractor engineer reported that he saw the tank was not pressurizing and he took the action himself. He recommended that the terminal countdown be restarted however NASA took several ours to agree with the contractor engineer. We reinitiated the terminal count and launched after NASA HQ approval.

Edit/Lar: Fix quotes
« Last Edit: 12/17/2014 08:14 pm by Lar »
D-1938

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #14 on: 12/16/2014 05:27 am »
Apollo 17.  The last flight of "mainline Apollo."  The final lunar landing flight of Apollo.  The first, and only, launch of a Saturn V at night.

And the *only* Saturn V launch ever delayed for technical reasons.

I still recall sitting at my family TV, on the floor with a Yashica-Mat camera on a specially modified mount that was exactly even with the TV screen at the ready to take pictures off the TV.  We get to the final minute of the count, my blood pressure and heart rate begin to rise, when...

"T-minus 30 seconds, we have a cutoff, we have a cutoff at T-minus 30 seconds. We are standing by at T-minus 30 second mark.  We'll bring word to you just as soon as we get it. We have a cutoff at T-minus 30 seconds. T-minus 30 seconds and holding. This is Kennedy Launch Control."

A sensor failed to report the third stage tank pressurization complete to the automatic sequencer, and the sequencer shut down the count.  Or, if you ascribe to my brother's theory of the night, the Saturn was such a large and complex vehicle that it attained some kind of sentience, and was aware a billion or more people were watching it -- and just wanted to bask in the glow of the searchlights for a little while longer before doing its thing.

A quick jumper to the automatic sequencer (not a computer program but an electromechanical sequencer, so to tell it the failed sensor path was not to stop the count, two leads were jumpered to complete the required signal path).  This time, at just past 11 pm CST on 12/6/72, fire belched from the base of the most mighty rocket in history and a pillar of light lifted into the sky as an ersatz sun.

The third stage (S-IVB) LOX tank pressurization Command was not issued by the computer in the first launch attempt or the signal was lost before the mechanical relay on the command path leaving the computer. The engineer on the console took silence action, as he was supposed to do, and threw the switch on his console to start the Lox tank pressurization. The tank was actually at flight pressure when the cut off was issued ( because the computer "saw" the relay was not latched) even though the tank was at flight pressure......The vacuum tube stuffed IBM computer was not programmed to see if the human took care of that pressurization task. The test conductor polled the Firing Room for anomalies after the vehicle was in a safe condition. The Contractor engineer reported that he saw the tank was not pressurizing and he took the action himself. He recommended that the terminal countdown be restarted however NASA took several ours to agree with the contractor engineer. We reinitiated the terminal count and launched after NASA HQ approval.

Ah, kewl -- I had always thought it was a sensor reading that failed to make it back into the sequencer's "awareness," but it was merely knowledge of the latched/unlatched state of a relay?  Very interesting.
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #15 on: 12/16/2014 02:35 pm »
One of the most beautiful things, to my eye, that came out of the Apollo landings were the images of the LMs sitting on the surface.  They were usually the only splash of color in an otherwise gray landscape, giving them a special kind of beauty in their environment.

Here are a few nice images of LM-12, Challenger, upon the Moon, including a couple of nice images of the LM's steerable S-band antenna very obviously aimed directly at our little Earth hanging up in the black lunar sky.

Also, in the final image, one reason why Challenger had a slight pitch-up angle as it sat on the surface -- the rear pad ended up directly in a small crater not that much larger than the pad itself, dropping that whole leg down by a few inches.  That and a very gentle slope of the ground resulted in a small pitch-up angle, nothing that caused any problems for surface activities (and nothing at all like the most off-vertical landing, that of LM-10 Falcon on Apollo 15).
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #16 on: 12/16/2014 02:43 pm »
If I remember right, it was during Apollo 17 that we looked up at the sky when leaving my grandparents farm to see a sight very similar the picture below.  We assumed that somehow, we were seeing Apollo on the way to the moon.  ( I was 6!) However, in the morning paper, we discovered we were not the only ones who thought that.  But they said it was Venus.  Oh well.  At least it got everyone looking at the moon and thinking of Apollo again.

As the photo a few posts above yours shows the Earth was a small crescent when Apollo 17 was at the Moon. Thus the Moon as seen from the Earth at the same time would have been the exact opposite that is nearly full.

Apollo 17 arrived at the Moon while the Earth was still rather full (gibbous waning) and the Moon, from Earth, was a waxing crescent.  But, from LOI to TEI, that crew was on or around the Moon for nearly a week.  By the time they left, the phases had reversed, the Earth was a slim crescent to the crew and us Earth-people saw a waxing gibbous, nearly full Moon.

Ron's picture, in terms of the Moon's phase, would be correct for sometime around LOI day.  Very much not correct for TEI day, though.
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #17 on: 12/16/2014 02:55 pm »
Fabulous Moonscapes...
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #18 on: 12/16/2014 03:01 pm »
But as we glimpse the LM from afar, like all good things, the lunar stay comes to an end -- with a bang!
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: Apollo 17
« Reply #19 on: 12/16/2014 03:08 pm »
Challenger and America take pictures of each other.
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

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