Author Topic: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates  (Read 173083 times)

Offline Sam Ho

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #180 on: 08/11/2017 07:07 pm »
That still begs the question of whether NASA and the international community want to increase the southern polar DSN capacity.

Semi OT but is there operational advantages to having large arrays of smaller dishes (the VLA strategy) compared to having one big dish (the Arieebo strategy)?

Yes. With an array, you can use the antennas separately for "nearby" probes (e.g. Mars, allowing you to communicate with several probes simultaneously), and use them in an array only when you need to.
The end result of the DSN Aperture Enhancement Project will be five 34m antennae at each complex, and retirement of the 70m antennae.  An array of four 34m antennae works about as well as a 70m antenna, and is a lot easier to maintain.

So far, two 34m antennae (DSS-35&36) have been built in Canberra, and two more (DSS-56&53) are under construction in Madrid.

https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/services/networks/txt_daep.html
https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/services/networks/txt_daep_transition.html
https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/news_dss-36_operational.html
https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/services/networks/DSS53_DSS56_gallery

For Mars, you can also have multiple downlinks on one antenna.  (Mars is currently the only place with multiple spacecraft, but it could work elsewhere as well.)  Obviously, MSPA is not useful for the Voyagers.
Quote
1.6.5 Multiple Spacecraft Per Antenna (DSN)
Where a multiplicity of spacecraft lie within the beamwidth of a single DSN antenna, it may be possible to capture data from two or more spacecraft simultaneously using the Multiple Spacecraft Per Aperture (MSPA) system. MSPA decreases DSN loading and will save the project’s money (see Section 2.1.3).
https://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/files/dsn/6_NASA_MOCS_2014_10_01_14.pdf

Offline AegeanBlue

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #181 on: 08/11/2017 10:39 pm »
Talking about the DSN is not entirely of topic with Voyager, since DSN's history is tied to the Voyager. The problem with DSN is that for most of its life it has not been a line item, rather upgrades to DSN were tied to a mission finding funding to pay for them. One of the 70 m antennas, I think the one at Goldstone, is known as the Apollo antenna because it was used to receive Apollo broadcasts from the Moon. The large antennas were originally built as 64 m antennas having the Parkes Observatory as their model during the Apollo era and upgraded to 70 m in the 1980s for Voyager's flyby of Uranus. Voyager, built with 1970s technology and pretty far away does need large antennas just for receiving. It's storage capacity, both in tape and computer memory is quite limited, and it is so far that its slowest playback capacity is faster than what it can transmit. Back in the 1980s it transmited pictures in real time because they were too big to store a sufficient number on board, hence the need to upgrade the antennas. New Horizons has a weaker transmitter but a much larger storage capacity, during the encounter it mostly took observations and stored in its solid state recorder 200 times the data that Voyager 2 returned from Neptune. New Horizons can likely be programmed to store its data and transmit it in bursts when it gets too far away, and during those bursts they can likely array all DSN antennas to receive the data. After New Horizons there is simply no new mission beyond Neptune even on a decadal survey, and please correct me if I am wrong. I have been looking on the mission concepts presentations of LPSC and the most recent mission concept I remember for a mission beyond Neptune was a study on how one would work with the SLS, and that was 5 years ago. As far as I know neither heliophysics nor planetary science has such a mission as either a flagship or mid range, and it most certainly doesn't fit on a Discovery budget. I remember that once Alan Stern submitted a Discovery proposal for Pluto on a Titan and it was shot down by NASA HQ because they did not intend to pay for the most expensive launcher for Discovery.

Offline Sam Ho

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #182 on: 08/12/2017 02:28 am »
As I mentioned a few posts ago, Voyager 1 still conducts a Digital Tape Recorder playback about once every two months, using a 70m+34m antenna array.

The Voyager telecommunication system has a fairly limited set of choices at low rates. The slowest DTR playback rate is 1400bps. Below that is 160bps real-time science, which is currently the main mode used, and then 40bps engineering.

https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/monograph/series13/DeepCommo_Chapter3--141029.pdf

By contrast, New Horizons is much more flexible. NH can send telemetry at speeds down to 6bps, and the solid state recorder does not have a minimum playback speed. While the burst mode you suggest is certainly possible, it would be much easier to stream data slowly at whatever rate the link supports for however long it takes. NH took 15 months to send back the Pluto encounter data, at a data rate of around 1kbps.

Offline Star One

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #183 on: 08/18/2017 11:53 am »
How Nasa's Voyager spacecraft changed the face of UK science

Quote
Hunt himself was such a regular on Patrick Moore’s The Sky at Night television show, that he became the public face of the mission to a whole generation of UK armchair astronomers.

And it is not just the public perception of space that was changed by the Voyager images. “In those days planetary exploration was something that Nasa did and the UK didn’t really get involved in. But the fact that Garry was involved meant that other people could get involved. This has blossomed now if we think of missions like Rosetta and Cassini and the forthcoming Juice mission, all with massive UK involvement. It made us think that the UK does planets, Europe does planets – it’s not just Nasa,” says Murray.

Indeed, the United Kingdom Space Agency’s website lists 14 planetary exploration missions that the UK is working on. Most of these are through its membership of the European Space Agency. And it all started with the Voyagers.

“I think about Voyager all the time because they were the pathfinders essentially. They taught us how to send multi-instrument spacecraft to the outer solar system,” says Murray.

https://www.theguardian.com/science/across-the-universe/2017/aug/18/how-nasas-voyager-spacecraft-changed-the-face-of-uk-science

Offline catdlr

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #184 on: 09/01/2017 03:54 am »
Voyager 2 Trajectory through the Solar System

NASA
Published on Aug 31, 2017

This visualization tracks the trajectory of the Voyager 2 spacecraft through the solar system. Launched on August 20, 1977, it was one of two spacecraft sent to visit the giant planets of the outer solar system. Like Voyager 1, Voyager 2 flew by Jupiter and Saturn, but the Voyager 2 mission was extended to fly by Uranus and Neptune before being directed out of the solar system.

To fit the 40-year history of the mission into a short visualization, the pacing of time accelerates through most of the movie, starting at about 5 days per second at the beginning and speeding up to about 11 months per second after the planet flybys are passed.

The termination shock and heliopause are the 'boundaries' created when the plasma between the stars interacts with the plasma flowing outward from the Sun. They are represented with simple grid models and oriented so their 'nose' is pointed in the direction (Right Ascension = 17h 24m, declination = 17 degrees south) represented by more recent measurements from other missions.

Credit: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4140



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Offline catdlr

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #185 on: 09/01/2017 03:57 am »
Voyager 1 Trajectory through the Solar System

NASA
Published on Aug 31, 2017

This visualization tracks the trajectory of the Voyager 1 spacecraft through the solar system. Launched on September 5, 1977, it was one of two spacecraft sent to visit the giant planets of the outer solar system. Voyager 1 flew by Jupiter and Saturn before being directed out of the solar system.

To fit the 40-year history of the mission into a short visualization, the pacing of time accelerates through most of the movie, starting at about 5 days per second at the beginning and speeding up to about 11 months per second after the planet flybys are passed.

The termination shock and heliopause are the 'boundaries' created when the plasma between the stars interacts with the plasma flowing outward from the Sun. They are represented with simple grid models and oriented so their 'nose' is pointed in the direction (Right Ascension = 17h 24m, declination = 17 degrees south) represented by more recent measurements from other missions.

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4139
Credit: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio



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Online FutureSpaceTourist

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #186 on: 09/06/2017 04:56 am »

Online FutureSpaceTourist

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #187 on: 12/01/2017 08:50 pm »
Frankly I find this mind-boggling ...

Quote
After 37 years, Voyager 1 has fired up its trajectory thrusters
This week, the scientists and engineers on the Voyager team did something very special.

ERIC BERGER - 12/1/2017, 8:45 PM

https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/12/after-37-years-voyager-has-fired-up-its-trajectory-thrusters/

Offline Targeteer

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #188 on: 12/01/2017 08:53 pm »
The JPL press release used to write the above story...

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7014

   

If you tried to start a car that's been sitting in a garage for decades, you might not expect the engine to respond. But a set of thrusters aboard the Voyager 1 spacecraft successfully fired up Wednesday after 37 years without use.

Voyager 1, NASA's farthest and fastest spacecraft, is the only human-made object in interstellar space, the environment between the stars. The spacecraft, which has been flying for 40 years, relies on small devices called thrusters to orient itself so it can communicate with Earth. These thrusters fire in tiny pulses, or "puffs," lasting mere milliseconds, to subtly rotate the spacecraft so that its antenna points at our planet. Now, the Voyager team is able to use a set of four backup thrusters, dormant since 1980.

"With these thrusters that are still functional after 37 years without use, we will be able to extend the life of the Voyager 1 spacecraft by two to three years," said Suzanne Dodd, project manager for Voyager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.

Since 2014, engineers have noticed that the thrusters Voyager 1 has been using to orient the spacecraft, called "attitude control thrusters," have been degrading. Over time, the thrusters require more puffs to give off the same amount of energy. At 13 billion miles from Earth, there's no mechanic shop nearby to get a tune-up.

The Voyager team assembled a group of propulsion experts at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, to study the problem. Chris Jones, Robert Shotwell, Carl Guernsey and Todd Barber analyzed options and predicted how the spacecraft would respond in different scenarios. They agreed on an unusual solution: Try giving the job of orientation to a set of thrusters that had been asleep for 37 years.

"The Voyager flight team dug up decades-old data and examined the software that was coded in an outdated assembler language, to make sure we could safely test the thrusters," said Jones, chief engineer at JPL.

In the early days of the mission, Voyager 1 flew by Jupiter, Saturn, and important moons of each. To accurately fly by and point the spacecraft's instruments at a smorgasbord of targets, engineers used "trajectory correction maneuver," or TCM, thrusters that are identical in size and functionality to the attitude control thrusters, and are located on the back side of the spacecraft. But because Voyager 1's last planetary encounter was Saturn, the Voyager team hadn't needed to use the TCM thrusters since November 8, 1980. Back then, the TCM thrusters were used in a more continuous firing mode; they had never been used in the brief bursts necessary to orient the spacecraft.

All of Voyager's thrusters were developed by Aerojet Rocketdyne. The same kind of thruster, called the MR-103, flew on other NASA spacecraft as well, such as Cassini and Dawn.

On Tuesday, Nov. 28, 2017, Voyager engineers fired up the four TCM thrusters for the first time in 37 years and tested their ability to orient the spacecraft using 10-millisecond pulses. The team waited eagerly as the test results traveled through space, taking 19 hours and 35 minutes to reach an antenna in Goldstone, California, that is part of NASA's Deep Space Network.

Lo and behold, on Wednesday, Nov. 29, they learned the TCM thrusters worked perfectly -- and just as well as the attitude control thrusters.

"The Voyager team got more excited each time with each milestone in the thruster test. The mood was one of relief, joy and incredulity after witnessing these well-rested thrusters pick up the baton as if no time had passed at all," said Barber, a JPL propulsion engineer.

The plan going forward is to switch to the TCM thrusters in January. To make the change, Voyager has to turn on one heater per thruster, which requires power -- a limited resource for the aging mission. When there is no longer enough power to operate the heaters, the team will switch back to the attitude control thrusters.

The thruster test went so well, the team will likely do a similar test on the TCM thrusters for Voyager 2, the twin spacecraft of Voyager 1. The attitude control thrusters currently used for Voyager 2 are not yet as degraded as Voyager 1's, however.

Voyager 2 is also on course to enter interstellar space, likely within the next few years.

The Voyager spacecraft were built by JPL, which continues to operate both. JPL is a division of Caltech in Pasadena. The Voyager missions are a part of the NASA Heliophysics System Observatory, sponsored by the Heliophysics Division of the Science Mission Directorate in Washington. For more information about the Voyager spacecraft, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/voyager
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Offline Ben the Space Brit

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #189 on: 12/02/2017 01:01 pm »
Nearly fifty years out and they're still powered, reporting information and have active attitude control! They don't make 'em like they used to!
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Offline AegeanBlue

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #190 on: 06/23/2018 07:21 am »
A paper on arXiv: Measuring the Local ISM along the Sight Lines of the Two Voyager Spacecraft with HST/STIS

Synopsis:
In 2012, Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause, becoming the first human-made object to exit the solar system. This milestone signifies the beginning of an important new era for local interstellar medium (LISM) exploration. We present measurements of the structure and composition of the LISM in the immediate path of the Voyager spacecraft by using high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectra of nearby stars that lie along the same lines of sight. We provide a comprehensive inventory of LISM absorption in the near-ultraviolet (2600-2800 Angstroms) and far-ultraviolet (1200-1500 Angstroms). The LISM absorption profiles are used to make comparisons between each pair of closely spaced (<15 deg) sight lines. With fits to several absorption lines, we make measurements of the physical properties of the LISM. We estimate electron density along the Voyager 2 sight line, and our values are consistent with recent measurements by Voyager 1. Excess absorption in the HI Ly-alpha line displays the presence of both the heliosphere and an astrosphere around GJ 780. This is only the 14th detection of an astrosphere, and the large mass-loss rate (M˙=10M˙⊙) is consistent with other subgiant stars. The heliospheric absorption matches the predicted strength for a sight line 58 deg from the upwind direction. As both HST and Voyager reach the end of their lifetimes, we have the opportunity to synthesize their respective observations, combining in situ measurements with the shortest possible line-of-sight measurements to study the Galactic ISM surrounding the Sun.

https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.07979


Offline john smith 19

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #191 on: 06/23/2018 08:46 am »

On Tuesday, Nov. 28, 2017, Voyager engineers fired up the four TCM thrusters for the first time in 37 years and tested their ability to orient the spacecraft using 10-millisecond pulses. The team waited eagerly as the test results traveled through space, taking 19 hours and 35 minutes to reach an antenna in Goldstone, California, that is part of NASA's Deep Space Network.
This is at the same time a very impressive and very sad achievement.

Impressive because it's still in working order nearly half a century after launch as (IIRC) the fastest object launched by humans.
Sad because it's still less than 20 light hours from Earth.

I think for viable (as opposed to "accidental") interstellar exploration (ideally to multiple targets) we need to be thinking in terms of trip times of a human life time.
We need to be looking at an exhaust velocity in fractions of the speed of light.  This is very tough.

But there are a few options that can do it now. No breakthrough physics required.

I think it would be quite an interesting Engineering class project to take the Voyager structure and instrument packages apart  and analyze what they'd weigh if re-implemented with modern materials and methods. IE Carbon Fiber structures, Rare Earth magnets for the drive motors (I don't think they were in use in the early 70's), ceramic bearings and of course replacing the discrete TTL processor with a gate array of some kind.
« Last Edit: 06/30/2018 09:54 am by john smith 19 »
MCT ITS BFR SS. The worlds first Methane fueled FFSC engined CFRP SS structure A380 sized aerospaceplane tail sitter capable of Earth & Mars atmospheric flight.First flight to Mars by end of 2022 TBC. T&C apply. Trust nothing. Run your own #s "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof" R. Simberg."Competitve" means cheaper ¬cheap SCramjet proposed 1956. First +ve thrust 2004. US R&D spend to date > $10Bn. #deployed designs. Zero.

Offline Targeteer

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #192 on: 07/04/2018 10:55 am »
The world has lost a great man. Godspeed, were sure Voyager is out there looking for you.

Carolyn Porco  17 hrs · Facebook

It is with profound sadness that I report that Brad Smith, former leader of the Voyager imaging team, has passed away this morning. He was 86 years old.

Though Brad was never a person to boast loudly of his own accomplishments, as the leader of the Voyager imaging team -- his most renowned role in planetary exploration, though he had many others -- he was very much responsible for the success of the Voyager imaging experiment and, in turn, for the public's fond perception of the Voyager mission.

Brad was one of few who had the foresight to recognize the satellites and, later, the rings of the outer planets would be as fascinating as the planets themselves, and the need for a high resolution imaging capability to address both. These realizations drove him to insist on a change in the optics of the Voyager cameras and to hand-appoint to the original NASA-selected imaging team additional scientists with expertise in geology and planetary rings, as well as those directly involved in ground-based studies of the bodies that Voyager would visit. Many of us involved in Voyager and subsequently chosen for the Cassini mission were among those added to the Voyager imaging team by Brad. I personally owe the subsequent development of my professional career to him.

He was a visionary. He made a point to invite scientists from other countries onto the imaging team for the Neptune encounter, notably Andre Brahic from France and Sasha Basilevsky from the Soviet Union. The latter was a stunning international gesture, considering that the Cold War had not yet ended. I recall it was Sasha who proclaimed that the surface of Triton was like frozen Vodka!

He was also the one who imaged the dust disk around the star Beta Pictoris, the first visual confirmation of an extrasolar disk.

Brad was consequential in ways that few appreciate. The work of planetary explorers over the last 30 years, and I personally, owe a great deal to his vision, groundwork, encouragement and support.

He will be remembered.

RIP
Bradford A. Smith
1931-2018
Best quote heard during an inspection, "I was unaware that I was the only one who was aware."

Offline AegeanBlue

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #193 on: 07/11/2018 09:36 pm »
NASA's Voyager-1 Spacecraft Opens Door On New Way To Look For Dark Matter

https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucedorminey/2018/07/10/nasas-voyager-1-spacecraft-opens-door-on-new-way-to-look-for-dark-matter/#441352a920ae

The cosmic ray meter is looking to see if the high energy cosmic rays show signs of dark matter. So far nothing, 6 years after entry into interstellar space.

Offline Eric Hedman

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #194 on: 07/12/2018 07:58 pm »
60 Minutes episode from this past Sunday.  Second segment is about Voyager 1 & 2

https://www.cbs.com/shows/60_minutes/video/nTbhew6uBE1AR_mYgiY3JepJdbUnRPOs/redemption-voyagers-the-young-american/

Offline Archibald

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #195 on: 07/19/2018 06:18 am »
And they are still going, the Voyagers. Where no man-made object has gone before.
Han shot first and Gwynne Shotwell !

Offline Targeteer

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #196 on: 07/19/2018 06:44 am »
if only there had been Voyager 3 and 4, as planned
Best quote heard during an inspection, "I was unaware that I was the only one who was aware."

Offline jbenton

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #197 on: 09/17/2018 12:47 am »
Someone just made this:



Doesn't tell us anything new, but it is interesting; gives a nice overview of the whole mission and upcoming events.

BTW, Voyager 2 is expected to break into Interstellar Space late 2019 or early 2020; apparently there is a plasma instrument that would be quite useful there that is no longer functional on Voyager 1 but still works on Voyager 2. What are the chances that the one on Voyager 2 stops working by then?

Offline Hungry4info3

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #198 on: 09/17/2018 01:36 am »
Quote
BTW, Voyager 2 is expected to break into Interstellar Space late 2019 or early 2020; ... [snip] ... What are the chances that the one on Voyager 2 stops working by then?
Based on the high-energy particle flux observed by Voyager 2, we may be entering the transition region to interstellar space now.

« Last Edit: 09/17/2018 01:37 am by Hungry4info3 »

Online jgoldader

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Re: NASA - Voyager 1 and 2 updates
« Reply #199 on: 09/17/2018 10:04 am »
Yeah, I’ve been watching the particle counts every day for years.  When Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause, the PGH count showed a similar step up, while the LA1 count was about 25/s before crossing, then there were a few brief big dropoffs before the final plunge to 2 counts/s.  For Voyager 1, the LA1 plunge happened before the PGH increase, it looks like maybe it’s the other way around for V2.  Perhaps the boundary isn’t as sharp for V2?

One of my predictions for the year was V2 would reach the heliopause, she might just make it!  The data are updated usually every day or two, except during holiday periods, at https://voyager.gsfc.nasa.gov/data.html
Recovering astronomer

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