Author Topic: Longshot multistage gun launch  (Read 11051 times)

Offline Asteroza

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Longshot multistage gun launch
« on: 08/16/2023 07:10 am »
So there's these guys

https://www.longshotspace.com/

Who seem to think instead of a multistage gun launcher using multiple stages to push on the rear of a projectile directly (like the classic V-3 gun from WWII), they can use a longer tail on the projectile and push more from the sides to "squeeze" it forward using compressed air injector stages.


Offline edzieba

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #1 on: 08/16/2023 12:20 pm »
They're not a multi-stage gun because they are eschewing combustion entirely. The scheme is trying to sidestep the speed-of-sound limit of the light-gas gun, by not using pressure to push the projectile. Instead, the projectile is a reversed wedge and you impinge jets onto the sides of that wedge, so good old reaction forces and the wedge angle determine the resultant maximum speed. e.g. if you have Mach 1 air jets impinging on a wedge with a 4:1 incline, then as long as you have a long accelerator it should be able to reach Mach 4. Depending on pressure within the launch tube and available compressed air tank pressure you might be able to pull some extra tricks by using de Laval nozzles for the injection, particularly as the area behind the projectile does not need to remain pressurised so can be vented down as the projectile passes - the tube ahead of the projectile needs to be evacuated to cut air resistance losses and the tube itself is useful as a projectile guide, but in a vacuum environment the tube could be eliminated and the nozzles placed in free space along with some suitable mechanism or control system for keeping the projectile guided through them during acceleration.

Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #2 on: 08/27/2023 02:38 am »
Howdy

Some of this brings Dr. Gerald Bull's work to mind.   Bull spent some time & effort trying to come up with a cannon design that could launch small satellites into space economically.

His work on " Extended Range Full Bore " projectiles included things like aerodynamic shaping, " base bleed " projectiles, smaller leading " guide nibs "; lower drag driving band treatments; and more.  One of his guns fired a projectile that set an altitude record that still stands.

Amongst his last efforts was work he put into the Iraqi  " Project Babylon " PC-2 gun,  emplaced on the side of a mountain.


With regards,
                       357Mag

Offline stefan r

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #3 on: 10/16/2023 09:46 pm »
They're not a multi-stage gun because they are eschewing combustion entirely. ...

In the demonstrator they built they used compressed air.  I suspect for a launch at orbital velocity they will use rocket propellants. 

Offline edzieba

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #4 on: 10/17/2023 10:25 am »
They're not a multi-stage gun because they are eschewing combustion entirely. ...

In the demonstrator they built they used compressed air.  I suspect for a launch at orbital velocity they will use rocket propellants.
Sure, but that's not the key difference: they're using jet impingement rather than gas pressure, the source of the gas jet is not the important part. You could use combustion products, though that has some issues that a cold gas get avoids (fouling, gas temperature control, combustion product molecular mass control, etc).
You could go for a hydrolox combustor-generator, but then you need to deal with a hot mix of steam and hot H2 & O2 (nasty!), along with having flammable pressurised gases (or cryogens) on hand, and dealing with all that exhaust water condensing in your system. Replace that with an inert gas jet and things get quite a bit simpler. Since all your infrastructure is stationary, the mass efficiency of a combustion system is moot.

Online StraumliBlight

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #5 on: 08/04/2024 11:55 pm »


Longshot's test gun hit Mach 3.6 recently and they eventually want to scale up to a 24 km evacuated tube with a 9 km/s exit velocity.

There's a public hearing tomorrow to develop a hypersonic test facility at Tonopah Airport by March 2027.

Online catdlr

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #6 on: 09/24/2024 12:00 am »
Longshot Space Introduction Video and Teaser Video



« Last Edit: 09/24/2024 12:00 am by catdlr »
It's Tony De La Rosa, ...I don't create this stuff, I just report it.

Online StraumliBlight

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #7 on: 09/26/2024 04:08 pm »
Longshot Space closes over $5M in new funding to build space gun in the desert [Sep 25]

Quote
The company raised a $1.5 million pre-seed round in April 2023; now, nearly 18 months later, Longshot closed a little over $5 million in combined venture funding and non-dilutive funding from the U.S. Air Force’s TACFI program. The new capital will be used to build a massive, 500-meter-long gun in the Nevada desert to push 100 kilogram payloads to Mach 5.

The move to Nevada is needed; Longshot has built out a prototype from its facilities in Oakland, California, but a dense, urban location is not the best place to site increasingly large space guns. The Oakland prototype hit 4.6 Mach speeds, but going any faster will mean a longer tube and the use of highly combustible hydrogen gas.

https://twitter.com/LongshotSpace/status/1838316949920715008

https://twitter.com/LongshotSpace/status/1838316954211475827

https://twitter.com/LongshotSpace/status/1838316958938435616
« Last Edit: 09/26/2024 04:10 pm by StraumliBlight »

Offline Vultur

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #8 on: 09/26/2024 11:37 pm »
Can they build a 500 meter gun anywhere near that cheaply???

Offline edzieba

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #9 on: 09/27/2024 10:56 am »
Can they build a 500 meter gun anywhere near that cheaply???
If they were building a Bull-type supergun, then probably not.
But what they have is closer to a pulsed ram-accelerator in that the barrel does not need to hold internal pressure to push the projectile (projectile is accelerated by jet impingement). The barrel needs to have some internal bearing elements that are machined to be straight and parallel in order to guide the projectile, but they do not strictly need a 500m long machined circular bore or a 500m long high pressure vessel.

Offline gaballard

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #10 on: 09/28/2024 06:23 pm »
The world is already full of entrepreneurs trying to get investor money for every kind of novel launch method ever conceived. This is so pointless. Vertical-take off rockets work. Jules Verne thought of pointing a giant cannon at space in the late 1800s. There’s a reason it’s 2024 and no one has done it.

These guys seem to be resting on their resumes to get money from gullible VCs who have FOMO about not getting in the door with “New Space”…

My pain point is this: can people stop trying to re-solve launch and actually build the “things” these guys want to get into space?

Launch is solved. The problem we’re seeing is a lack of economic reasons to do anything in space beyond earth observation satellites and comms. Can someone please, please work on that?

Instead of re-inventing the wheel with this novel wheel design someone thought of almost a century and a half ago and no one has built because it’s not as good as a regular wheel…

(Edit: “Long Shot” is at least an appropriate name for a business with a slim chance of succeeding)
« Last Edit: 09/28/2024 06:44 pm by gaballard »
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Offline Robotbeat

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #11 on: 09/29/2024 01:44 am »
...
My pain point is this: can people stop trying to re-solve launch and actually build the “things” these guys want to get into space?
I agree. But people seem to want to dunk on just about any new thing people want to launch, too.
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Offline deltaV

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #12 on: 09/29/2024 04:07 am »
Cool tech but what is the market? In addition to the usual small launcher woes they need payloads that can tolerate ~500 gees. Propellant is a possibility but Starship will be a formidable competitor.

Offline Cheapchips

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #13 on: 09/29/2024 08:20 am »

S3 interviewed the team this weekend.


Online StraumliBlight

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #14 on: 09/29/2024 11:34 am »
S3 interviewed the team this weekend.

At 13:00, they mention building a 15 km long gun with a Mach 25 exit velocity that can fire a 2 m diameter projectile, weighing 3000 kg, with a 500 kg payload into orbit.

Aiming for launch in 2028-2029 in Northern Australia, as its relatively unpopulated and the gun will be really loud.

Online catdlr

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #15 on: 09/29/2024 12:34 pm »
S3 interviewed the team this weekend.

At 13:00, they mention building a 15 km long gun with a Mach 25 exit velocity that can fire a 2 m diameter projectile, weighing 3000 kg, with a 500 kg payload into orbit.

Aiming for launch in 2028-2029 in Northern Australia, as its relatively unpopulated and the gun will be really loud.

At a 15 Km barrel, it will be interesting to see how much energy is expended just pushing out the air in that tube ahead of the projectile or the mechanic to perhaps keep the barrel in a vacuum before it fires.
It's Tony De La Rosa, ...I don't create this stuff, I just report it.

Offline deltaV

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #16 on: 09/30/2024 08:10 am »
At 13:00, they mention building a 15 km long gun with a Mach 25 exit velocity that can fire a 2 m diameter projectile, weighing 3000 kg, with a 500 kg payload into orbit.

Aiming for launch in 2028-2029 in Northern Australia, as its relatively unpopulated and the gun will be really loud.
They also mention they'll use cold gas thrusters once at orbital altitude to get the last bit into orbit.

They later mention they'd do a bigger gun with 40,000 kg payload if they had more money.

Offline FutureSpaceTourist

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #17 on: 10/09/2024 05:56 pm »

Offline Cheapchips

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #18 on: 10/10/2024 07:30 am »
I don't know if I missed it in prior interviews, but I was wondering how they were going to replace burst disks on the full sized gun.  In the Manley interview, they mention that they have a prototype of a 'hydraulic clamp ram thing' to do disk replacement.

Not recycling 100 tons of hydrogen seems expensive. In the timeline they're planning, there some chance that cheap solar powered electrolyzers could deliver that at $1kg.  Their planned location of Australia is obviously a good spot to be running those adjacent solar hydrogen plants.

Online StraumliBlight

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #19 on: 11/14/2024 03:36 pm »
Longshot have started construction at Tonopah. [Nov 8]

Quote
Delivery Day is here, and we’re thrilled to bring this custom unit to Longshot Space Technologies Corporation in Tonopah, Nevada. This project is more than just a build; it’s a collaboration to pioneer affordable, innovative solutions for Earth and beyond. 🌍🚀

This delivery marks another milestone in our mission to redefine what’s possible in sustainable, compact living. The work we’re doing with Long Shot Space not only aligns with our vision but opens up new avenues for the future of affordable housing.

My Tiny Home Hub blog

Quote
Tonopah, located in the Nevada desert, presents extreme temperature swings between scorching hot days and chilly desert nights—conditions that demand durable, insulated, and adaptable spaces. Longshot Space will be using our 800 sq. ft. expandable container home to provide their team with a comfortable work environment during long testing days. With built-in climate control and durable materials, the container home offers respite from the heat while providing ample space for meetings, equipment storage, and rest.

Online StraumliBlight

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #20 on: 04/06/2025 09:46 pm »
The Bay Area startup with a 'bats—t' plan to take on Elon Musk's SpaceX [Feb 27]

Quote
Into the Nevada desert

For Longshot’s desert base, the team chose a milelong strip of land near the airport in 3,000-person Tonopah, Nevada, about halfway between Reno and Las Vegas. Since the airport is still in use and Longshot’s land is nearby, the company needs Federal Aviation Administration approval to start building its next guns. Nathan Saichek, Longshot’s chief technology officer and a longtime aerospace engineer, said the team plans to test subsections of its next, bigger pipe on private land nearby while they wait.

First, Longshot plans to build what Grace called a “minigun,” measuring 30 inches in outside diameter. Once they build two smallish segments, making sure that pressure-firing works and the rig inside the tube speeds up right, they plan to expand it to about 1,800 feet long, or longer. Their hope, Saichek said, is that the 1,800-footer will propel a 220-pound object — closer to the weight of an average satellite than the Oakland gun’s 300-gram payloads — to Mach 5 and work as a hypersonic tester.

Saichek called the next Nevada gun an “intermediate stepping stone,” necessary for testing and proof-of-concept before the company would procure the vast amounts of money needed to build a version long enough — likely more than 10 kilometers — to actually send something to space.

Online catdlr

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #21 on: 06/13/2025 11:34 pm »
It's Tony De La Rosa, ...I don't create this stuff, I just report it.

Offline edzieba

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #22 on: 06/15/2025 09:55 am »
Looks like Building 29 at Alameda.

Online StraumliBlight

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #23 on: 06/23/2025 12:40 pm »


Quote from: June 20th demo
Join us for a live-streamed demonstration of Longshot’s revolutionary space launch technology. We’ll be firing our very own gas gun (at low pressure) followed by a live Q&A with the team behind the tech.

[0:35:40] Low energy test shot occurs using Nitrogen gas.
[1:35:00] Talks about building a 10-20 km long Mach 15-25 space gun in Australia.
[1:40:10] Possibly launch large payloads into space within 6 years.

Time   Space Gun‎ Name   Length (km)   Diameter (m)   Projectile Mass (kg)   Cost ($/kg)   Acceleration (G)   
[1:53:10]   Baby Bear152~3,000300-400 (100-150 with H2 recapture)200-300
[1:53:10]Mama Bear~205~40,000>50N/A
[1:54:20]Papa Bear~3510~800,000>10<200

[1:56:40] 100 m/s delta-v needed to circularise payload's orbit, could use a cold gas thruster/solid motor.

Payload: Longshot is Gunning For Kinetic Space Launch [Jun 23]

Quote
Progress report: At an investor day last week, the team showed off a 70-ft long prototype that accelerates payloads to just past Mach 4. Now, they are building a 180-ft version suited for military hypersonics, with testing at speeds above Mach 5. Weapons researchers today might pay $6M to $8M to put materials or components in that environment, according to Grace, who said his company could do it for $150,000.

If that works, the big leap is a 12-mile gun to send 100-kg payloads into orbit.
« Last Edit: 06/23/2025 08:17 pm by StraumliBlight »

Offline TrevorMonty

Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #24 on: 06/24/2025 09:49 am »
Probably better suited to launching materials into space from moon. Only need DV of Mach5-6 and payloads like water in metal canistor don't care about high Gs so barrel can be short.

Offline edzieba

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #25 on: 06/24/2025 01:04 pm »
Probably better suited to launching materials into space from moon. Only need DV of Mach5-6 and payloads like water in metal canistor don't care about high Gs so barrel can be short.
On the Moon (or any other vacuum environment) they can omit the barrel entirely and just use guide rails for the projectile. Longshot's accelerator is not a pressure-based multi-chamber gun.

Offline Robotbeat

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #26 on: 06/24/2025 04:28 pm »
Probably better suited to launching materials into space from moon. Only need DV of Mach5-6 and payloads like water in metal canistor don't care about high Gs so barrel can be short.
On the Moon (or any other vacuum environment) they can omit the barrel entirely and just use guide rails for the projectile. Longshot's accelerator is not a pressure-based multi-chamber gun.
But it is pressure-based and they would face the problem of not having a lot of volatiles to work with. I think for the higher velocity they’re going to end up needing to use hydrogen, and the moon is very hydrogen poor. Even on earth, you probably would have to recycle the hydrogen in order for it to be economical. I don’t buy that they’ll be able to get by with just compressed air at Mach 25. Then again, the moon is much lower launch velocity, so perhaps they could get by with using oxygen gas. But honestly just use a rocket if you’re gonna do that. Or something like spin launch. Spin launch faces major scaling issues on earth related to the vacuum pressure vessel, which linear launch improves on dramatically, but that is not a factor on the moon. So I kind of doubt you would use a compressed gas based accelerator for the moon at all.
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Offline edzieba

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #27 on: 06/25/2025 02:32 pm »
Probably better suited to launching materials into space from moon. Only need DV of Mach5-6 and payloads like water in metal canistor don't care about high Gs so barrel can be short.
On the Moon (or any other vacuum environment) they can omit the barrel entirely and just use guide rails for the projectile. Longshot's accelerator is not a pressure-based multi-chamber gun.
But it is pressure-based
See post 2: not pressure based, but impingement based. Inert gas pressure discharge is a nice easy way to implement it for testing, but you can produce your jets in other ways (e.g. as very short duration rocket exhaust plumes*).
For ISRU, it depends on whether it's easier to gather some manner of propellant or other pressurisable gas (you only care about exhaust/discharge velocity, not composition) or whether it is easier to build an electrical generation and distribution system to run your spinner. Both have their pros and cons when it comes to upfront cost/mass reuqired vs. ongoing cost/mass required.

\* an interesting boostrapping method would be to land structural elements using landers with a lot of small descent engines rather than one or two large ones, then unmount those and line them up to form the launcher. Probably not worth it, by the time any sort of fixed lunar launch infrastructure is needed (or even viable) you probably have a regular reusable shuttle surface to/from the surface so don't need to mess about with disassembling dedicated landers in the first place.

Offline Robotbeat

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #28 on: 06/25/2025 03:28 pm »
Impingement of what? Pressure. I’m aware of the pinching mechanism. It’s still pressure, force over an area. A way to try to exceed the usual limits. But it is most certainly pressure.
« Last Edit: 06/25/2025 03:29 pm by Robotbeat »
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Offline Twark_Main

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #29 on: 06/25/2025 05:12 pm »
Impingement of what? Pressure. I’m aware of the pinching mechanism. It’s still pressure, force over an area. A way to try to exceed the usual limits. But it is most certainly pressure.

I think we all understood that, but what terminology should we use to distinguish between the two types?  For practical usability it needs to be something that isn't an entire paragraph.

"Pinch-type gun" vs "piston-type gun" seems to capture it, and isn't egregiously long. Any objections?
« Last Edit: 06/25/2025 05:13 pm by Twark_Main »

Offline redneck

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #30 on: 06/26/2025 08:29 am »
Probably better suited to launching materials into space from moon. Only need DV of Mach5-6 and payloads like water in metal canistor don't care about high Gs so barrel can be short.

Within the velocity of tank guns on Earth at 5,000 fps or so. The barrel of a Lunar gun could be fairly low quality ISRU as it could be arbitrarily thick. Sintered iron? One of the advantages is vacuum in the tube which allows bore diameter to be quite large. 10 ton projectile in an 8 foot diameter at 1,000 psi gets around 350 gees acceleration for about a half second boost to orbital velocity. 2,000 feet long allows the last quarter of the barrel to do gas recovery with secondary chambers and fast acting muzzle cap.

Offline edzieba

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #31 on: 06/26/2025 10:47 am »
Impingement of what? Pressure. I’m aware of the pinching mechanism. It’s still pressure, force over an area. A way to try to exceed the usual limits. But it is most certainly pressure.
Well, at the rawest level its particle impact based. Using particles in a gas just makes handling much easier (and minimises erosion), but you could be firing small metallic pellets to the same effect.

The key part is it's not propelled by a pressurised gas in an enclosure pushing a slug. No enclosure is required if your external environment is already a vacuum - the gas only needs to be directed from a nozzle to the passing projectile (which with correct nozzle design can be done through free space, as with every rocket with a de Laval nozzle), and once it impinges you don't care where it ends up afterwards, beyond preferring it to remain behind the projectile to minimise drag.

This means you do not need a barrel to contain the gas, because gas containment is not a factor in the accelerator's operation. It also means you are not limited to the speed of sound in that gas, so you don't need to mess about with hot Hydrogen as in light-gas-guns.

Online catdlr

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #32 on: 07/07/2025 06:32 pm »
A series of three short videos published today:

Big Iron Demo: Highlights




Nano Gun: Where We Were




Mini Gun: Where We're Going

« Last Edit: 07/07/2025 06:32 pm by catdlr »
It's Tony De La Rosa, ...I don't create this stuff, I just report it.

Offline Asteroza

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Re: Longshot multistage gun launch
« Reply #33 on: Today at 08:56 am »
Impingement of what? Pressure. I’m aware of the pinching mechanism. It’s still pressure, force over an area. A way to try to exceed the usual limits. But it is most certainly pressure.
Well, at the rawest level its particle impact based. Using particles in a gas just makes handling much easier (and minimises erosion), but you could be firing small metallic pellets to the same effect.

The key part is it's not propelled by a pressurised gas in an enclosure pushing a slug. No enclosure is required if your external environment is already a vacuum - the gas only needs to be directed from a nozzle to the passing projectile (which with correct nozzle design can be done through free space, as with every rocket with a de Laval nozzle), and once it impinges you don't care where it ends up afterwards, beyond preferring it to remain behind the projectile to minimise drag.

This means you do not need a barrel to contain the gas, because gas containment is not a factor in the accelerator's operation. It also means you are not limited to the speed of sound in that gas, so you don't need to mess about with hot Hydrogen as in light-gas-guns.

Would mini-macron guns be potentially suitable for the impingment process?

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