Author Topic: Solar Power Satellites  (Read 208213 times)

Offline Greg Hullender

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Re: Solar Power Satellites
« Reply #540 on: 05/04/2025 06:19 pm »
The Space Solar article above quotes 50 MW for a 60 ton satellite, so that's over 800 W/kg. They claim an independent assessment by Frazer-Nash Consultancy figured the cost of a 2 GW system at £3.6 billion or about $2.40/W. Comparing it to Lazard's levelized cost of energy for ground-based solar+storage isn't easy, since that's $60 to $210/MW-hr, and we really don't know things like operation costs, interest costs, etc. but the system described generates 17.5 MW-hr/year so if the thing only lasted one year, that'd be $200/MW-hr, which is comparable to Lazard's high-end numbers. If it lasted five years (and there were no other costs to worry about), it'd be just $41/MW-hr, which even beats combined-cycle gas.

I couldn't find any info on Twark Main's "Batteries in Space!" idea, but I discovered that the closely related dairy in space idea has a long history. :-)


Offline Robotbeat

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Re: Solar Power Satellites
« Reply #541 on: 05/04/2025 06:28 pm »
Launch costs alone. …
Meh. Should get down to air freight costs eventually. For solar panels which have a specific power of 100-200W/kg, that’s just $0.10/Watt.

You can’t just do these things based on vibe. You have to calculate.

Yours is not a calculation, it's a supposition.
SpaceX is targeting $10/kg to LEO. It’s a calculation. “sPaCe iS eXpEnSiVe” is somewhat a self fulfilling prophecy.
Chris  Whoever loves correction loves knowledge, but he who hates reproof is stupid.

To the maximum extent practicable, the Federal Government shall plan missions to accommodate the space transportation services capabilities of United States commercial providers. US law http://goo.gl/YZYNt0

Offline TrevorMonty

Re: Solar Power Satellites
« Reply #542 on: 05/05/2025 03:15 pm »
50MW x8860(hrs) = 443,000MWHr per year.
At $100MWhr ($0.1kwhr) that is $44.3M a year or $443M over 10 years.

There are  dozens if not 100s of remote locations, island nations, mining, military bases that rely on diesel generation where $300MWhr and up( >$1000 in some situations) is quite normal.

Its not just cost of diesel but logistics of supplying it that can be issue. Military bases in war zones especially.

Offline Vultur

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Re: Solar Power Satellites
« Reply #543 on: 05/05/2025 08:33 pm »
Yeah, I don't think space solar is competitive with terrestrial solar + batteries for most places, but I think there are absolutely places where plausible near future Starship launch costs would make it very competitive.

Offline StraumliBlight

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Re: Solar Power Satellites
« Reply #544 on: 05/05/2025 10:36 pm »
https://twitter.com/mission_space/status/1915033210167214333

Star Catcher and Mission Space Partner to Revolutionize Space Weather Monitoring and Power Delivery [Apr 23]

Quote
Under this agreement, Mission Space will provide real-time space weather data and predictive models to support the Star Catcher Network, which in turn will deliver additional power to Mission Space’s satellites under a newly signed Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The collaboration aims to boost both performance and resilience in orbit.

At the core of Mission Space’s forecasting capabilities is Zohar, the company’s next-generation space weather payload. Zohar is equipped with advanced spectrometers and Cherenkov detectors that capture high-energy particles in real time, enabling multi-point monitoring of the space radiation environment. This data feeds into Mission Space’s forecasting platform, improving accuracy and situational awareness across low Earth orbit.

The Star Catcher Network provides a first-of-its-kind space-to-space power beaming service. By transmitting concentrated solar energy to clients’ existing onboard solar arrays — with no retrofit required — it allows satellite operators to generate up to five to ten times more power, enabling energy-intensive operations like advanced data processing, extended mission durations, and more capable payloads.

Offline catdlr

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Re: Solar Power Satellites
« Reply #545 on: 05/05/2025 10:45 pm »
https://x.com/mission_space/status/1915033210167214333

Star Catcher and Mission Space Partner to Revolutionize Space Weather Monitoring and Power Delivery [Apr 23]

Quote
Under this agreement, Mission Space will provide real-time space weather data and predictive models to support the Star Catcher Network, which in turn will deliver additional power to Mission Space’s satellites under a newly signed Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The collaboration aims to boost both performance and resilience in orbit.

At the core of Mission Space’s forecasting capabilities is Zohar, the company’s next-generation space weather payload. Zohar is equipped with advanced spectrometers and Cherenkov detectors that capture high-energy particles in real time, enabling multi-point monitoring of the space radiation environment. This data feeds into Mission Space’s forecasting platform, improving accuracy and situational awareness across low Earth orbit.

The Star Catcher Network provides a first-of-its-kind space-to-space power beaming service. By transmitting concentrated solar energy to clients’ existing onboard solar arrays — with no retrofit required — it allows satellite operators to generate up to five to ten times more power, enabling energy-intensive operations like advanced data processing, extended mission durations, and more capable payloads.

Holy cow, never have I suggested something that might occur in my time here?

https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=35013.msg2683661#msg2683661
« Last Edit: 05/05/2025 11:53 pm by catdlr »
It's Tony De La Rosa, ...I don't create this stuff, I just report it.

Offline Comga

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Re: Solar Power Satellites
« Reply #546 on: 05/05/2025 11:05 pm »
Did anyone notice the size of this thing? 1 to 4 km diameter!
(snip)

And their comparison is "only twice the mass of the ISS"
The ISS is by far the most massive satellite ever constructed and that took years.
And their assembly illustration is a very low fidelity cartoon. 
Pieces just appear in place. 
This is still a long way from practical.

And what's with that twisted ribbon of a solar panel and power transmitter?
It sure is "innovative".
« Last Edit: 05/05/2025 11:30 pm by Comga »
What kind of wastrels would dump a perfectly good booster in the ocean after just one use?

Offline yoram

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Re: Solar Power Satellites
« Reply #547 on: 05/28/2025 04:58 pm »
From their web site the Reflect Orbital Demo mission seems to have slipped to 2026 (from originally late 2025). Maybe developing even their simple hardware (essentially just a mylar sheet, a frame and some avionics) is harder than initially believed.

But hopefully we can really see if it works or not next year. Then solar power could graduate out of "advanced concepts"

Offline Asteroza

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Re: Solar Power Satellites
« Reply #548 on: 07/08/2025 08:42 am »
Did anyone notice the size of this thing? 1 to 4 km diameter!

It's interesting that they're also considering satellites not in GEO which would direct power to different surface stations at different times. That suggests you could even use geosynchronous satellites to augment surface-based renewables.

For example, you could imagine directing power to the US east coast in the late afternoon, when local solar starts to diminish, making up the gap until power demand starts to drop in the evening. Then shift west as needed. Of course a really good power grid would eliminate the need for this, but, at this point, I'm not sure which will come first.
Bingo.

Honestly, just using solar and batteries is usually gonna be a lot cheaper, but I’m sort of surprised at how cheap of this stuff is getting, so there may be use cases anyway.

If they can figure out how to direct (jump) power from geo to neo, then to the ground, any place on the surface could have power when needed, any time of day or night.

That brings a vision of rectenna grids in LEO accepting power from GEO SPS and sending it on to much smaller ground rectennas as needed. Would a much higher density beam be allowed from GEO to LEO to reduce the minimum sixe of the power transfer sat??

This reminds me of the indian work on rectennas and power relay sats, including relay from the ground up.

This higher frequency relay scheme implies frequency conversion for the LEO-to-ground downlink, so this is an active relay rather than some passive flat plate mirror.

Assuming relays, that does imply that a GEO sat transmitter could be made smaller than 1km in diameter via higher frequency use, but how much does that actually save versus required area for PV or mirror on the GEO sat? The sandwich panel PV style sats sort of imply a ratio 1GW received to 1km transmit antenna. The ground beam density requirements generally mean you aren't escaping from a large rectenna farm on the ground, though what are the reference rectenna sizes for the various frequencies being proposed at 1GW scale, aside from the usual several mile diameter figure?


The batteries in orbit comment got me thinking though. What if we are chained by the stereotype of GEO sat baseload power? The utility companies didn't build bigger baseload and storage, they built peaker plants.

Where does terrestrial solar suck, needing batteries? Dusk, night, and dawn. If we toss aside night for the moment, we see big ramps in grid power consumption at dawn when there's poor solar, and big dropoffs in solar production at dusk when grid demand hasn't tapered off.

So, why not terminator riding LEO SSO SPS built like peaker plants, to backfill the solar dusk/dawn gap specifically? Size the transmitter to be more powerful than the PV. Use giant bicycle wheel flywheels to store energy when in excess, as you have a convenient vacuum environment for an extremely large and powerful but otherwise minimalist flywheel energy system.

https://up-ship.com/blog/?p=37000

Even if you went with other SPS styles and energy storage (thermal power system with mirrors and molten coolant/storage)(PV and conventional batteries), this might be viable.

When a customer site lines up, transmit at peak transmitter power, otherwise store power. Any long ocean stretches means time to store power. While ground rectenna duty cycle is low, the sat utilization rate would be fairly high.

 

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