Author Topic: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread (1)  (Read 780682 times)

Offline Jim

  • Night Gator
  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 38014
  • Cape Canaveral Spaceport
  • Liked: 22391
  • Likes Given: 432
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1480 on: 11/29/2012 12:46 am »
Quote
How many suborbital flights happened in the last five years?  How many suppliers are in routine operations?  I rest my case.
They still have preorders. The preorders proof the point. I rest my case!
Quote
Wrong, it shows a trend.
Nonsense! You can not devise a trend from a single data point!

Quote
Wrong.  The costs are unknown.  There for the market is also.
Nonsense again!

Wrong again


Preorders are meaningless.  They can be canceled. 
TU-144, SR-71 and the list goes on
Nope, the  nonsense is in your posts.

You have yet to provide any legitimate arguments here and elsewhere on this forum.  Nothing but illogical emotion based posts similar to liking on Facebook.  You are new member of the ignore list.

 

Offline Lars_J

  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 6160
  • California
  • Liked: 678
  • Likes Given: 195
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1481 on: 11/29/2012 01:02 am »
And yes, it would be great.  Skylon holds the promise of dramatically reducing launch costs and opening up space like never before.  But it can succeed economically without doing so.  The business model doesn't collapse until the total sales drop below about 10, with a pessimistic discount rate.

I love how people already - before any metal has been bent on any flying prototype - still think that they know what the costs would be. Amusing.

Offline Elmar Moelzer

  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 3675
  • Liked: 858
  • Likes Given: 1079
)
« Reply #1482 on: 11/29/2012 01:31 am »
Quote
Preorders are meaningless.  They can be canceled.
In contrast to your earlier prediction, they provide me with more than one data point to see trend. Plus a significant amount of people have already paid deposits, IIRC.
Quote
TU-144, SR-71 and the list goes on
Tu-144 was crap and crashed and burned. Not comparable to even the Concorde.
SR-71 was a very successful programme that began 50 (!) years ago and ended some 25 years ago when they were about to run out of replacement parts and costs would have exploded. I would not call that bad at all.
It was subsequently not replaced with a newer version because other, cheaper technology made it mostly obsolete. So there was very little need for a replacement. Plus there was political resistance and lobbying against it from UAV manufacturers.

Offline grondilu

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 620
  • France
  • Liked: 81
  • Likes Given: 16
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1483 on: 11/29/2012 01:33 am »
I don't understand you guys.   I just don't see this project the way you seem to see it.

Skylon is about answering this question:  "Can a plane fly all the way to orbit, reenter the atmosphere and then land safely?"

If the answer to this question is affirmative, then it would be awesome, at least from the perspective of anyone who's interested in technology.

Now, can such a plane have commercial use?   I don't know.  This might be even more complicated than the physics behind the first question.  It's a matter that concerns mostly the investors, anyway.

It's often like that in technology: you design and build stuff, and sometimes you don't even know if it will be useful.   You just want to know if it can be done.  For the rest, you'll see later.
« Last Edit: 11/29/2012 03:30 am by grondilu »

Offline 93143

  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 3054
  • Liked: 312
  • Likes Given: 1
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1484 on: 11/29/2012 01:40 am »
And yes, it would be great.  Skylon holds the promise of dramatically reducing launch costs and opening up space like never before.  But it can succeed economically without doing so.  The business model doesn't collapse until the total sales drop below about 10, with a pessimistic discount rate.

I love how people already - before any metal has been bent on any flying prototype - still think that they know what the costs would be. Amusing.

Maybe you should read the ESA assessment.  I'm not making any estimates myself.

Offline Rocket Science

  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 10586
  • NASA Educator Astronaut Candidate Applicant 2002
  • Liked: 4549
  • Likes Given: 13523
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1485 on: 11/29/2012 01:54 am »
Exotic engines aside my concern with Skylon is one of directional stability. All hypersonic vehicles had a lager vertical stabilizer ala X-15 to Shuttle. Skylon looks like an X-3 redo with all its inherent problems. I guess we’ll see the final configuration....

http://www.456fis.org/DOUGLAS_X-3.htm
"The laws of physics are unforgiving"
~Rob: Physics instructor, Aviator

Offline Kharkov

  • Member
  • Posts: 75
  • Even Entropy Isn't What It Used To Be
  • Liked: 7
  • Likes Given: 0
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1486 on: 11/29/2012 02:09 am »
Exotic engines aside my concern with Skylon is one of directional stability. All hypersonic vehicles had a lager vertical stabilizer ala X-15 to Shuttle. Skylon looks like an X-3 redo with all its inherent problems. I guess we’ll see the final configuration....

http://www.456fis.org/DOUGLAS_X-3.htm

One important difference is that while the X-3 had fuselage-mounted engines, Skylon has them on the wingtips which should give a bit more stability.
Skylon should really be counted as a 'hypersonic' vehicle as it doesn't get into hypersonic flight & stay there, it merely passes through that part of the speed range as it accelerates (out of the atmosphere) up to orbital velocity.

EDIT: Skylon should NOT be counted...
« Last Edit: 11/29/2012 09:26 am by Kharkov »
Even Entropy Isn't What It Used To Be

Offline 93143

  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 3054
  • Liked: 312
  • Likes Given: 1
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1487 on: 11/29/2012 02:32 am »
The thing is full of liquid hydrogen, and it has a very light structure.  The control surfaces do indeed look too small if you're used to kerosene-fueled vehicles, but these are not "artist's impressions"; they represent the results of actual analysis.

Offline BobCarver

  • Full Member
  • **
  • Posts: 274
  • Liked: 10
  • Likes Given: 12
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1488 on: 11/29/2012 03:16 am »
One of the major drawbacks to the SSME was the fact that it had to be disassembled and examined after every flight. NASA PRACTICE NO. PD-ED-1268: HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID
 HYDROGEN TURBOPUMPS says:

Quote
The turbine blades experience enormous centrifugal force loads as well as high thermal loads at 600 revolutions per second. High cycle fatigue and hydrogen embrittlement effects, have caused small hairline cracks in the turbine blades of the high pressure fuel turbopump. These cracks are an order of magnitude shallower than the critical depth of 0.100 inch, but have persisted throughout the program. Although the hairline cracks are not detrimental to performance, periodic disassembly inspection is needed to continue to monitor this condition. Attention is given to blade porosity after machining (5 mil pores). Shot peening of blades on the blade-to-wheel interface improves toughness and resistance to cracking. Gold plating of blade shanks resists hydrogen embrittlement.

I have not found any reference to these kinds of problems/solutions on the REL website. This could be a show-stopper for the reusability of the SABRE engine. Mark Hempsell, if you're reading this, has REL a plan for dealing with this problem?

Offline A_M_Swallow

  • Elite Veteran
  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 8906
  • South coast of England
  • Liked: 500
  • Likes Given: 223
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1489 on: 11/29/2012 03:20 am »
I don't understand you guys.   I just don't see this project the way you seem to see it.

Skylon is about answering this question:  "Can a plane fly all the way to orbit, reenter the atmosphere and then land safely?"

If the answer to this question is affirmative, then it would be awesome, at least from the perspective of anyone who's interested in technology.

Now, can such a plane have commercial use?   I don't know.  This might be even more complicated that the physics behind the first question.  It's a matter that concerns mostly the investors, anyway.

It's often like that in technology: you design and build stuff, and sometimes you don't even know if it will be useful.   You just want to know if it can be done.  For the rest, you'll see later.

Is Skylon technical awesome?  Yes.
So awesome the experiment may be worth £100,000,000.

If you want more money than that it has to make a profit.

Offline BobCarver

  • Full Member
  • **
  • Posts: 274
  • Liked: 10
  • Likes Given: 12
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1490 on: 11/29/2012 03:39 am »

Is Skylon technical awesome?  Yes.
So awesome the experiment may be worth £100,000,000.

If you want more money than that it has to make a profit.

Actually, if SABRE works as planned, governments may decree that it replace conventional fossil fuel engines on airliners in order to cut down on CO2 emissions. In that case it would make a profit by government decree. There seems to be a high likelihood of this happening considering the deteriorating state of the environment. It's a straightforward fix for the pollution from airliners.
« Last Edit: 11/29/2012 03:41 am by BobCarver »

Offline QuantumG

  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 9273
  • Australia
  • Liked: 4498
  • Likes Given: 1132
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1491 on: 11/29/2012 03:54 am »
 ::)
Human spaceflight is basically just LARPing now.

Offline grondilu

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 620
  • France
  • Liked: 81
  • Likes Given: 16
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1492 on: 11/29/2012 04:07 am »
Actually, if SABRE works as planned, governments may decree that it replace conventional fossil fuel engines on airliners in order to cut down on CO2 emissions. In that case it would make a profit by government decree. There seems to be a high likelihood of this happening considering the deteriorating state of the environment. It's a straightforward fix for the pollution from airliners.

You're kidding, right?  SABRE is much too different from conventional engines.  It works on hydrogen, for once.  Governments might as well try to force airliners to switch to electric propulsion.  That's way too much to ask.
« Last Edit: 11/29/2012 04:07 am by grondilu »

Offline BobCarver

  • Full Member
  • **
  • Posts: 274
  • Liked: 10
  • Likes Given: 12
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1493 on: 11/29/2012 04:18 am »
Not kidding. I expect there to be a long series of government decrees which radically change the way business operates in the future. You've only seen the tip of the iceberg (CO2 fees on European passengers are just the opening salvo from governments).

Besides, REL and the UK Science Minister have already spoken to the topic of SABRE in aviation, so it isn't out of the question that a new design for airliners using hydrogen/air engines would be put into operation in the future simply because it makes sense from a pollution perspective.

Offline Port

  • Full Member
  • *
  • Posts: 111
  • Germany
  • Liked: 13
  • Likes Given: 8
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1494 on: 11/29/2012 04:46 am »
Not kidding. I expect there to be a long series of government decrees which radically change the way business operates in the future. You've only seen the tip of the iceberg (CO2 fees on European passengers are just the opening salvo from governments).

Besides, REL and the UK Science Minister have already spoken to the topic of SABRE in aviation, so it isn't out of the question that a new design for airliners using hydrogen/air engines would be put into operation in the future simply because it makes sense from a pollution perspective.
I'm not quite sure about this. When the Lapcat-Idea first came up, I read somewhere, that there where concerns about the ice-crystals that are formed in high altitute by the burning of hydrogen in the sabre-engines.
My first thought on that might be that the crystals should reflect light and therefore counteract global warming (like smoke and vapor from ships) but there might be other, more hidden factors.
So you can rule out the "pollution" in direct sense, but not in the actual ultimate consequence.
(Or you can, i don't know what the study ultimately showed)

Additionaly you have to think of where the Hydrogen comes from. Nowadays it is formed via steamreforming of methane (which is in itself alot times a more powerful greehouse-gas as CO2 btw).
So as of the current state your are burning fossile fuel either way - which I would like to see change btw.

I want wo point out that i'm pro skylon, but there are always two sides of a coin which have to be weighted against another. Clearly if the whole Sabre-Engine works this will be a major breakthrough but its not entirely sun-sided per sé

just my thoughts on this, i'm sure this came up splattered along the way before

Offline 93143

  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 3054
  • Liked: 312
  • Likes Given: 1
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1495 on: 11/29/2012 05:25 am »
One of the major drawbacks to the SSME was the fact that it had to be disassembled and examined after every flight.

I have not found any reference to these kinds of problems/solutions on the REL website. This could be a show-stopper for the reusability of the SABRE engine.

That was the early SSME.  They haven't had to rebuild the engines after every flight for a long time.  In fact IIRC the Block III (that was planned to come online in 2005 before Columbia changed everything) didn't need to be so much as removed from the orbiter for ~10 flights.  It also had a radically decreased probability of catastrophic failure compared with the Block II.

Also, the difficulties tend to scale very steeply with main chamber pressure, and SABRE uses a significantly lower chamber pressure than the SSME (about half, I believe).
« Last Edit: 11/29/2012 08:21 am by 93143 »

Offline grondilu

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 620
  • France
  • Liked: 81
  • Likes Given: 16
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1496 on: 11/29/2012 05:26 am »
By the way I'm not sure it was mentioned but the bbc news article is now indeed confirmed on the RE site:

http://www.reactionengines.co.uk/news_updates.html

« Reaction Engines Ltd. can announce today the biggest breakthrough in aerospace propulsion technology since the invention of the jet engine. Critical tests have been successfully completed on the key technology for SABRE, an engine which will enable aircraft to reach the opposite side of the world in under 4 hours, or to fly directly into orbit and return in a single stage, taking off and landing on a runway. »
« Last Edit: 11/29/2012 05:27 am by grondilu »

Offline Archibald

  • Senior Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 2611
  • Liked: 500
  • Likes Given: 1096
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1497 on: 11/29/2012 08:09 am »
Quote
You're kidding, right?  SABRE is much too different from conventional engines.  It works on hydrogen, for once.  Governments might as well try to force airliners to switch to electric propulsion.  That's way too much to ask.

That, and hydrogen is way, way harder to handle than plain old kerosene. It is not a magical fuel; airports won't switch from kerosene to hydrogene easily.
It is very low density, very low temperature, small concentration of gaseous hydrogen in the air goes KABOOM, and, final nail in the coffin: it can't even be stored into the aircraft wings, like kerosene is. Hydrogen is so cumbersome to store when compared to kerosene that the drawbacks negates the higher energy it contains.

Just saying...

Skylon uses hydrogen a) because it needs it to go intoorbit and cool the air and b) because it will never take-off from conventional airports... 
Han shot first and Gwynne Shotwell !

Offline Andrew_W

  • Full Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 754
  • Rotorua, New Zealand
    • Profiles of our future in space
  • Liked: 17
  • Likes Given: 12
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1498 on: 11/29/2012 08:35 am »
Quote
You're kidding, right?  SABRE is much too different from conventional engines.  It works on hydrogen, for once.  Governments might as well try to force airliners to switch to electric propulsion.  That's way too much to ask.

That, and hydrogen is way, way harder to handle than plain old kerosene. It is not a magical fuel; airports won't switch from kerosene to hydrogene easily.
It is very low density, very low temperature, small concentration of gaseous hydrogen in the air goes KABOOM, and, final nail in the coffin: it can't even be stored into the aircraft wings, like kerosene is. Hydrogen is so cumbersome to store when compared to kerosene that the drawbacks negates the higher energy it contains.

Just saying...

Skylon uses hydrogen a) because it needs it to go intoorbit and cool the air and b) because it will never take-off from conventional airports... 

 I agree with your points, which to me just makes RE's enthusiasm for the LAPCAT configuration vehicle all the more puzzling.
I confess that in 1901 I said to my brother Orville that man would not fly for fifty years.
Wilbur Wright

Offline Turbomotive

  • Full Member
  • **
  • Posts: 219
  • Liked: 22
  • Likes Given: 32
Re: The Reaction Engines Skylon Master Thread
« Reply #1499 on: 11/29/2012 08:49 am »
And yes, it would be great.  Skylon holds the promise of dramatically reducing launch costs and opening up space like never before.  But it can succeed economically without doing so.  The business model doesn't collapse until the total sales drop below about 10, with a pessimistic discount rate.

I love how people already - before any metal has been bent on any flying prototype - still think that they know what the costs would be. Amusing.

It's my understanding that you'll find it hard to start bending any kind of metal until you've given your investors or govt stakeholders some kind of a business plan, or as in Skylon's case right now, a costed pathway to a viable prototype design. As discussed, this cost appears to be of the order of $350m.

Airbus is a nice example of a company that sells essentially 'paper planes' - the metal bending only starts when they have a full order book. I think this is the smart option born from the bitter lesson of Concorde. If we were to analyze Concorde's failure, it could be that UK and French governments ploughed billions into a perceived "national prestige" project regardless of its commercial prospects. That might also explain govt shyness to commit to HOTOL in the 1980s, and also to some extent the US govt's relationship with the Shuttle.

Below is the basics of what I understand from REL's publically available numbers. They might be wrong, of course, and any additional info therefore most welcome. The assumption is, of course, that the devlopment programme proceeds as planned, which it has until now, with the viability of the cooler now fully established.

Skylon consortium requires $12bn from its investors.
Skylons will sell at $1bn each and $1bn lifetime maintainence = $2bn
The REL plan is to make 30 Skylons, so that's $60bn in sales. Looks like a big profit for the consortium. 10 sales will be $20bn, with steep discounts maybe $12bn, back to the initial outlay, this is how I understand 93143 - please tell me if this is wrong.

Going vertically down one level, if a Skylon operator buys just one Skylon, they have 200 launches available. Whether passenger or cargo, the operator might charge $20m per launch to LEO.

This price was born out of the passenger model proposed by REL of 4 business class seats at $3m and 16 tourist class seats at $0.5m (12+8=$20m).

REL have themselves sometime quoted $10m per cargo launch, but $20m per launch still gives you a cost for the 15,000 kg Skylon payload of $1,333 per kg, cheaper than any existing launch vehicle, indeed an order of magnitude cheaper than current Ariane or Atlas, and still cheaper than even Falcon Heavy*. $20m also conveniently enables complete payback on the $2bn investment in only 100 missions or half the airframe's life, opening the window for the Skylon operator to make profit.

I'll not get into the extra complexities of GSO comsat launch (we've been there) or the economics of the passenger module, although they are of course important, they are secondary effects.

OK, this might be wrong, almost certainly too simple, and reality rarely pans out as we would wish, but you need a plan to go forward!

*see p83 of this thread

« Last Edit: 11/29/2012 10:06 am by Turbomotive »
"Men might as well project a voyage to the Moon as attempt to employ steam navigation against the stormy North Atlantic Ocean." - Dionysius Lardner, 1838

Tags:
 

Advertisement NovaTech
Advertisement
Advertisement Margaritaville Beach Resort South Padre Island
Advertisement Brady Kenniston
Advertisement NextSpaceflight
Advertisement Nathan Barker Photography
0