http://www.nytimes.com/video/technology/100000003187690/a-real-hoverboard.html?emc=edit_th_20141021&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=18173476A Real Hoverboard ?http://www.nature.com/news/physicists-see-potential-dark-matter-from-the-sun-1.16174And Axions ?
1) Both inner surface ends of the truncated cone must have been made out of copper. Otherwise the cavity would not have the correct boundary conditions to be a resonant cavity: it would be a waveguide. One wouldn't be able to have high Q and resonance if the inner surface of the ends wouldn't be copper.
Quote from: Mulletron on 10/21/2014 01:18 pmNotice the 1.5inch dims in yellow in the foreground and background. Because of depth perception, one is behind the test article and the other is in front. That creates a situation where you can't rely on the 1.5inch reference without knowing the viewing angle of the camera and at least one length in the Z axis of the chamber...Well, I took anudder look at your sketch, and still stick with my interpretation. The camera appears to be damn near perpendicular to the centerline of the cone, and perpendicular to the z-axis of the large end diameter which is nearly centered on the lens of the camera. If anything, the rear of the cone rim is slightly to the left of center, but I ignored that.I note that the support is not at right angles to the plane of the large diameter of the cone, and not at all at right angles to its own vertical support Faztek, but I don't think that matters. What matters to the camera is that the Faztek horizontal support is centered on the cone's axis. If that is the case, the dimension that I show should be spot on within a plus or minus. The support is clearly not vertically off center, but it may be nearer or further from the camera than the centerline of the cone's axis. I can't tell, and I can't help that.The other support that you dimension appears to be a 3" chunk of Faztek, at least to this pair of retinas.
Notice the 1.5inch dims in yellow in the foreground and background. Because of depth perception, one is behind the test article and the other is in front. That creates a situation where you can't rely on the 1.5inch reference without knowing the viewing angle of the camera and at least one length in the Z axis of the chamber...
4 ConclusionMicrowave thrusters without propellant does not require propellant, so without erosion from the high temperature gas stream, erosion and heat transfer problem, the performance of the thrusters is not affected by the working environment, at the same time, increasing the spacecraft quality, using different material for the structure can increase the range of thrust, suitable for use in space and near space spacecraft.There are two ways to explain this new thrusters, (1) from the Planks hypothesis and Einsteins quantum theory of light, also the theory of microwave to explain the thrust from the thrusters, that is to quantise the injected microwave to the sealed cavity into photons, its travelling speed is the group speed, photons and the thrust cavity wall elastic collision produce the net thrust, (2) From the classic theory of electrodynamics to explain how the thrust is produce by the thrusters, according to the kinetic energy and conservation of momentum of the electromagnetic system within its volume, Maxwell equation and electromagnetic flux density vector can found out the source of the thrust is coming from the integration of the electromagnetic tensor along the surface of the volume.Using finite element numerical method to numerical analyse the classical Maxwell equation of electric field of the idealised conical resonator, to obtain the model and practical of the distribution of the electric field of the cavity under 1000W. By analyse the properties under different modes and the different properties. Calculation show that under the four modes, TE011, TE012, TE111 and TM011, the quality factor of TE012 is highest and with highest thrust, followed by TE011. With the Small End of the cavity unchanged, the quality factor and thrust decrease with the increase in the Large End.The TE10 mode rectangular waveguide is suitable for use in modes TE011 and TE012, and coupling to the side wall of the resonator in where the magnetic field is relatively strong, coupling using coaxial cable is suitable in modes TE011 and TM011, in axis of the resonator where electric field is relatively large.With 1000W microwave input, using brass as the material of the cavity, using the classical theory of electrodynamics, the maximum theoretical thrust produced in modes TE011 and TE012 is 411mN and 456mN respectively, and the practical measurements are 214mN and 315mN.
With the Small End of the cavity unchanged, the quality factor and thrust decrease with the increase in the Large End.
Has anyone else looked at this Chinese theory/cavity design paper? ...
By analyse the properties under different modes and the different properties. Calculation show that under the four modes, TE011, TE012, TE111 and TM011, the quality factor of TE012 is highest and with highest thrust, followed by TE011. With the Small End of the cavity unchanged, the quality factor and thrust decrease with the increase in the Large End.The TE10 mode rectangular waveguide is suitable for use in modes TE011 and TE012, and coupling to the side wall of the resonator in where the magnetic field is relatively strong, coupling using coaxial cable is suitable in modes TE011 and TM011, in axis of the resonator where electric field is relatively large.With 1000W microwave input, using brass as the material of the cavity, using the classical theory of electrodynamics, the maximum theoretical thrust produced in modes TE011 and TE012 is 411mN and 456mN respectively, and the practical measurements are 214mN and 315mN.
This is a further challenge to explaining the measured thrust forces in these EM Drives as resulting from the magnetic field interacting with the Earth's magnetic field or with other magnetic fields (like the magnetic damper)
We now have separate confirmation in both China and the USA that thrust force measurements are related to the TRANSVERSE ELECTRIC modes, since their mode shape result in greater thrust force/PowerInput than the TRANSVERSE MAGNETIC mode shapes.This is a further challenge to explaining the measured thrust forces in these EM Drives as resulting from the magnetic field interacting with the Earth's magnetic field or with other magnetic fields (like the magnetic damper) It also explains why NASA Eagleworks explored resonance for the mode TE012
]There cannot be any significant irregularities on the inside surface of the truncated cone.
No, it was not a suggestion. It is not based on words, or intuition. It follows from Maxwell's equations.
John, you just cannot have a high Q with a poor, irregular surface on the inside, when the skin depth is a couple of micrometers or less. You don't need to exaggerate...John, if there is no inner copper on the ends of the cavity (showing PCB board on the outside) then you cannot have a resonant cavity, so the inner surface ends must have been made out of highly-conductive material like copper.
Quote from: Rodal on 10/21/2014 05:59 pmWe now have separate confirmation in both China and the USA that thrust force measurements are related to the TRANSVERSE ELECTRIC modes, since their mode shape result in greater thrust force/PowerInput than the TRANSVERSE MAGNETIC mode shapes.This is a further challenge to explaining the measured thrust forces in these EM Drives as resulting from the magnetic field interacting with the Earth's magnetic field or with other magnetic fields (like the magnetic damper) It also explains why NASA Eagleworks explored resonance for the mode TE012It almost seems that the Magnetic field is interacting with Space itself in this case, much how gravity distorts spacethis configuration of a magnetic field appeasrs to be doing the same thing.
As to 1.5" & 3" Faztek. If my assumption that the horizontal member, which I took to be 1.5" or 3.81 cm is NOT in the center of the device, then my A1.4 measurement is way off. Looking again at the piece of Faztek jutting out towards the camera, and looking at the catalog, I see a straightforward resemblance to the 3" square Faztek, not the 1.5" Faztek. http://www.faztek.net/products.asp?cat=11
Quote from: JohnFornaro on 10/21/2014 06:42 pmBlah blah arguing about words (not the equation)...As to 1.5" & 3" Faztek. If my assumption that the horizontal member, which I took to be 1.5" or 3.81 cm is NOT in the center of the device, then my A1.4 measurement is way off. Looking again at the piece of Faztek jutting out towards the camera, and looking at the catalog, I see a straightforward resemblance to the 3" square Faztek, not the 1.5" Faztek. http://www.faztek.net/products.asp?cat=11Is this the 3" by 3" Faztek that you referring to?(If not could you please post the specific 3" by 3" Faztek picture you are referring to?)Because that looks very different from this 1.5" by 1.5", which looks much more as to what is in Brady'sMe a "homo primitivo" without AutoCAD and just looking at picture and just countingMe a "homo primitivo" just looking at 2 slots per side on the 3"by3" and 1 slot per side on the 1.5" by 1.5"
Blah blah arguing about words (not the equation)...As to 1.5" & 3" Faztek. If my assumption that the horizontal member, which I took to be 1.5" or 3.81 cm is NOT in the center of the device, then my A1.4 measurement is way off. Looking again at the piece of Faztek jutting out towards the camera, and looking at the catalog, I see a straightforward resemblance to the 3" square Faztek, not the 1.5" Faztek. http://www.faztek.net/products.asp?cat=11
Abstract:Aim.The introduction of the full paper reviews Refs.1 and 2 and points out that we find that the methodof Ref.2,authored by Qiu Xiaoming et al and originally used on a completely different research project,is very effectivefor performing our performance calculations,which we explain in sections l。2 and 3.Section l briefs Ref.1,whose billy author,Roger Shawyer,proposed a theory of microwave propulsion of spacecraft.Sections 2 and 3explain how we apply Ref.28 method;their core consists of:(1)wi凼t}le finite element method。we simulate theMaxwell8 field equations for the microwave radiation thruster in the roundtable cavity;(2)we acquire the resonantmodes of the round-table cavity and the electromagnetic fields of 1000W inside the roundtable cavity;(3)weanalyze the characteristics of the microwave radiation thruster of different cavity s叽ctures and at different resonantmodes;(4)the simulation results,presented in Tables 1 and 2,and their analysis show preliminarily that:(1)the quality factor and thrust at TE012 mode are the largest;(2)for the incident microwave of 1000W and 2.45GHz,with copper as the thrusterB material.the largest theoretical thrust based on the classical theory of electrodynamicsis 41 1 and 456mN respectively at TEoll and TEol2 modes.
http://www.emdrive.com/NWPU2010paper.pdfSame paper as before except the original Chinese language version, but this time I went to the end. There exists an abstract in English of another related paper after the reference section. It says "Copper" is used.QuoteAbstract:Aim.The introduction of the full paper reviews Refs.1 and 2 and points out that we find that the methodof Ref.2,authored by Qiu Xiaoming et al and originally used on a completely different research project,is very effectivefor performing our performance calculations,which we explain in sections l。2 and 3.Section l briefs Ref.1,whose billy author,Roger Shawyer,proposed a theory of microwave propulsion of spacecraft.Sections 2 and 3explain how we apply Ref.2’8 method;their core consists of:(1)wi凼t}le finite element method。we simulate theMaxwell’8 field equations for the microwave radiation thruster in the round—table cavity;(2)we acquire the resonantmodes of the round-table cavity and the electromagnetic fields of 1000W inside the round—table cavity;(3)weanalyze the characteristics of the microwave radiation thruster of different cavity s叽ctures and at different resonantmodes;(4)the simulation results,presented in Tables 1 and 2,and their analysis show preliminarily that:(1)the quality factor and thrust at TE012 mode are the largest;(2)for the incident microwave of 1000W and 2.45GHz,with copper as the thruster’B material.the largest theoretical thrust based on the classical theory of electrodynamicsis 41 1 and 456mN respectively at TEoll and TEol2 modes.
Abstract:Aim.The introduction of the full paper reviews Refs.1 and 2 and points out that we find that the methodof Ref.2,authored by Qiu Xiaoming et al and originally used on a completely different research project,is very effectivefor performing our performance calculations,which we explain in sections l。2 and 3.Section l briefs Ref.1,whose billy author,Roger Shawyer,proposed a theory of microwave propulsion of spacecraft.Sections 2 and 3explain how we apply Ref.2’8 method;their core consists of:(1)wi凼t}le finite element method。we simulate theMaxwell’8 field equations for the microwave radiation thruster in the round—table cavity;(2)we acquire the resonantmodes of the round-table cavity and the electromagnetic fields of 1000W inside the round—table cavity;(3)weanalyze the characteristics of the microwave radiation thruster of different cavity s叽ctures and at different resonantmodes;(4)the simulation results,presented in Tables 1 and 2,and their analysis show preliminarily that:(1)the quality factor and thrust at TE012 mode are the largest;(2)for the incident microwave of 1000W and 2.45GHz,with copper as the thruster’B material.the largest theoretical thrust based on the classical theory of electrodynamicsis 41 1 and 456mN respectively at TEoll and TEol2 modes.