Author Topic: NASA - Cassini updates  (Read 355662 times)

Offline Star One

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #420 on: 04/03/2014 09:49 pm »
Saturn's Enceladus moon hides 'great lake' of water.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26872184

Online jacqmans

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #421 on: 04/15/2014 06:06 am »
April 14, 2014
NASA Cassini Images May Reveal Birth of New Saturn Moon


NASA's Cassini spacecraft has documented the formation of a small icy object within the rings of Saturn that may be a new moon, and may also provide clues to the formation of the planet's known moons.

Images taken with Cassini's narrow angle camera on April 15, 2013 show disturbances at the very edge of Saturn's A ring -- the outermost of the planet's large, bright rings. One of these disturbances is an arc about 20 percent brighter than its surroundings, 750 miles (1,200 kilometers) long and 6 miles (10 kilometers) wide. Scientists also found unusual protuberances in the usually smooth profile at the ring's edge. Scientists believe the arc and protuberances are caused by the gravitational effects of a nearby object. Details of the observations were published online today (April 14, 2014) by the journal Icarus.

The object is not expected to grow any larger, and may even be falling apart. But the process of its formation and outward movement aids in our understanding of how Saturn's icy moons, including the cloud-wrapped Titan and ocean-holding Enceladus, may have formed in more massive rings long ago. It also provides insight into how Earth and other planets in our solar system may have formed and migrated away from our star, the sun.

"We have not seen anything like this before," said Carl Murray of Queen Mary University of London, and the report's lead author. "We may be looking at the act of birth, where this object is just leaving the rings and heading off to be a moon in its own right."

The object, informally named Peggy, is too small to see in images so far. Scientists estimate it is probably no more than about a half mile in diameter. Saturn's icy moons range in size depending on their proximity to the planet -- the farther from the planet, the larger. And many of Saturn's moons are comprised primarily of ice, as are the particles that form Saturn's rings. Based on these facts, and other indicators, researchers recently proposed that the icy moons formed from ring particles and then moved outward, away from the planet, merging with other moons on the way.

"Witnessing the possible birth of a tiny moon is an exciting, unexpected event," said Cassini Project Scientist Linda Spilker, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif. According to Spilker, Cassini's orbit will move closer to the outer edge of the A ring in late 2016 and provide an opportunity to study Peggy in more detail and perhaps even image it.

It is possible the process of moon formation in Saturn's rings has ended with Peggy, as Saturn's rings now are, in all likelihood, too depleted to make more moons. Because they may not observe this process again, Murray and his colleagues are wringing from the observations all they can learn.

"The theory holds that Saturn long ago had a much more massive ring system capable of giving birth to larger moons," Murray said. "As the moons formed near the edge, they depleted the rings and evolved, so the ones that formed earliest are the largest and the farthest out."

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.

To view an image of the Saturn ring disturbance attributed to the new moon, visit:

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA18078

For more information about Cassini, visit:

http://www.nasa.gov/cassini

Jacques :-)

Offline bolun

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #422 on: 04/30/2014 03:29 pm »
EGU 2014 press conference

Cassini and Saturn: the 10th anniversary and new results

http://client.cntv.at/EGU2014/?play=30

Offline Star One

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #423 on: 06/23/2014 06:56 am »
Waves discovered on Titan? Shame they cannot keep Cassini going beyond 2017 as Titan will be in full summer by then.

Quote
Now, the most recent flyby of the hazy moon has revealed a distinct bright spot in the second-largest sea  near the moon’s north pole. The spot  appears to suddenly disappear almost as soon as it appears in the maps.

Dubbed the “magic island,” this geologic mystery may be best explained by waves or bubbles floating on the surface of these methane lakes, according to the new study published in Nature Geoscience this week.

“This discovery tells us that the liquids in Titan’s northern hemisphere are not simply stagnant and unchanging, but rather that changes do occur,” said the lead author of the study,  Jason Hofgartner, a Cornell University graduate student.

“We don’t know precisely what caused this ‘magic island’ to appear, but we’d like to study it further.”

This suggests to planetary scientists that what we may be witnessing are the first hints of Titan’s seas reacting to the changing seasons from spring to summer, just like what happens on Earth.

Windy weather may very well be kicking up waves on Titan. To Cassini’s radar,  the results look like ghostly islands. Alternately, gas bubbles may be breaching the lake surface.

http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2014/06/22/waves-discovered-on-saturns-moon-titan/
« Last Edit: 06/23/2014 07:00 am by Star One »

Offline Targeteer

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #424 on: 08/08/2014 03:45 am »
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/display.cfm?News_ID=47981

NASA's Cassini spacecraft will execute the largest planned maneuver of the spacecraft's remaining mission on Saturday, Aug. 9. The maneuver will target Cassini toward an Aug. 21 encounter with Saturn's largest moon, Titan.

The main engine firing will last about a minute and will provide a change in velocity of 41 feet per second (12.5 meters per second). This is the largest maneuver by Cassini in five years. No other remaining maneuver comes close, in the amount of propellant it will consume and the amount by which it will change the spacecraft's velocity. By contrast, the smallest maneuvers Cassini routinely executes are about 0.4 inches (10 millimeters) per second.

The large size of the Aug. 9 burn is needed to begin the process of "cranking down" Cassini's orbit, so that the spacecraft circles Saturn nearer to the plane of the rings and moons. Previously, with each Titan flyby, mission controllers adjusted the spacecraft's orbit to be increasingly inclined, carrying Cassini high above Saturn's polar regions. The upcoming maneuver starts reversing that trend, making the orbit increasingly close to the equator.

Although Cassini has occasionally performed similar large propulsive maneuvers during its decade in the Saturn system, Titan itself has proven to be the workhorse for steering Cassini around Saturn. It is not uncommon for the spacecraft to receive a gravitational assist, or boost, from Titan that rivals or exceeds the 96-minute engine burn Cassini performed in 2004 to insert itself into Saturn orbit.

The Cassini mission recently celebrated a decade studying Saturn, its rings, moons and magnetosphere.

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology.

For more information about Cassini, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/cassini and http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov
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Offline Star One

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #425 on: 09/30/2014 11:58 am »
Titan's mystery island has reappeared again.

http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/newsreleases/newsrelease20140929/

NASA's Cassini spacecraft is monitoring the evolution of a mysterious feature in a large hydrocarbon sea on Saturn's moon Titan. The feature covers an area of about 100 square miles (260 square kilometers) in Ligeia Mare, one of the largest seas on Titan. It has now been observed twice by Cassini's radar experiment, but its appearance changed between the two apparitions.
Images of the feature taken during the Cassini flybys are available at:
http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA18430
The mysterious feature, which appears bright in radar images against the dark background of the liquid sea, was first spotted during Cassini's July 2013 Titan flyby. Previous observations showed no sign of bright features in that part of Ligeia Mare. Scientists were perplexed to find the feature had vanished when they looked again, over several months, with low-resolution radar and Cassini's infrared imager. This led some team members to suggest it might have been a transient feature. But during Cassini's flyby on August 21, 2014, the feature was again visible, and its appearance had changed during the 11 months since it was last seen.
Scientists on the radar team are confident that the feature is not an artifact, or flaw, in their data, which would have been one of the simplest explanations. They also do not see evidence that its appearance results from evaporation in the sea, as the overall shoreline of Ligeia Mare has not changed noticeably.
The team has suggested the feature could be surface waves, rising bubbles, floating solids, solids suspended just below the surface, or perhaps something more exotic.
The researchers suspect that the appearance of this feature could be related to changing seasons on Titan, as summer draws near in the moon's northern hemisphere. Monitoring such changes is a major goal for Cassini's current extended mission.
“Science loves a mystery, and with this enigmatic feature, we have a thrilling example of ongoing change on Titan," said Stephen Wall, the deputy team lead of Cassini's radar team, based at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. "We’re hopeful that we’ll be able to continue watching the changes unfold and gain insights about what’s going on in that alien sea.”
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and ASI, the Italian Space Agency. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The radar instrument was built by JPL and the Italian Space Agency, working with team members from the United States and several European countries.
For more information about Cassini and its mission, visit:
http://www.nasa.gov/cassini
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov
« Last Edit: 09/30/2014 11:59 am by Star One »

Offline Scylla

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #426 on: 10/31/2014 03:16 pm »
This near-infrared, color mosaic from NASA's Cassini spacecraft shows the sun glinting off of Titan's north polar seas. While Cassini has captured, separately, views of the polar seas (see PIA17470) and the sun glinting off of them (see PIA12481 and PIA18433) in the past, this is the first time both have been seen together in the same view.
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA18432
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Offline catdlr

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #427 on: 12/14/2014 06:06 pm »
Titan's 300-foot-high sand dunes were formed by westerly wind

http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-titan-saturn-sand-dunes-20141209-story.html

Quote
Sand dunes have been found in just a few places throughout the solar system - on Venus, Mars, Earth and Titan - but Titan is the only moon where dunes have been discovered.

The sand that makes up Titan's dunes is not made of silicates like the sands we find on Earth, however. Instead, scientists believe it is made of hydrocarbons, and may include particles of water ice.
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Online jacqmans

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #428 on: 03/11/2015 07:39 pm »
March 11, 2015

Spacecraft Data Suggest Saturn Moon's Ocean May Harbor Hydrothermal Activity

NASA's Cassini spacecraft has provided scientists the first clear evidence that Saturn’s moon Enceladus exhibits signs of present-day hydrothermal activity which may resemble that seen in the deep oceans on Earth. The implications of such activity on a world other than our planet open up unprecedented scientific possibilities.

“These findings add to the possibility that Enceladus, which contains a subsurface ocean and displays remarkable geologic activity, could contain environments suitable for living organisms,” said John Grunsfeld astronaut and associate administrator of NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. “The locations in our solar system where extreme environments occur in which life might exist may bring us closer to answering the question: are we alone in the Universe.”

Hydrothermal activity occurs when seawater infiltrates and reacts with a rocky crust and emerges as a heated, mineral-laden solution, a natural occurrence in Earth’s oceans. According to two science papers, the results are the first clear indications an icy moon may have similar ongoing active processes.
 
The first paper, published this week in the journal Nature, relates to microscopic grains of rock detected by Cassini in the Saturn system. An extensive, four-year analysis of data from the spacecraft, computer simulations and laboratory experiments led researchers to the conclusion the tiny grains most likely form when hot water containing dissolved minerals from the moon's rocky interior travels upward, coming into contact with cooler water. Temperatures required for the interactions that produce the tiny rock grains would be at least 194 degrees Fahrenheit (90 degrees Celsius).

"It's very exciting that we can use these tiny grains of rock, spewed into space by geysers, to tell us about conditions on -- and beneath -- the ocean floor of an icy moon," said the paper’s lead author Sean Hsu, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Colorado at Boulder.

Cassini's cosmic dust analyzer (CDA) instrument repeatedly detected miniscule rock particles rich in silicon, even before Cassini entered Saturn’s orbit in 2004. By process of elimination, the CDA team concluded these particles must be grains of silica, which is found in sand and the mineral quartz on Earth. The consistent size of the grains observed by Cassini, the largest of which were 6 to 9 nanometers, was the clue that told the researchers a specific process likely was responsible.

On Earth, the most common way to form silica grains of this size is hydrothermal activity under a specific range of conditions; namely, when slightly alkaline and salty water that is super-saturated with silica undergoes a big drop in temperature.

"We methodically searched for alternate explanations for the nanosilica grains, but every new result pointed to a single, most likely origin," said co-author Frank Postberg, a Cassini CDA team scientist at Heidelberg University in Germany.

Hsu and Postberg worked closely with colleagues at the University of Tokyo who performed the detailed laboratory experiments that validated the hydrothermal activity hypothesis. The Japanese team, led by Yasuhito Sekine, verified the conditions under which silica grains form at the same size Cassini detected. The researchers think these conditions may exist on the seafloor of Enceladus, where hot water from the interior meets the relatively cold water at the ocean bottom.

The extremely small size of the silica particles also suggests they travel upward relatively quickly from their hydrothermal origin to the near-surface sources of the moon's geysers. From seafloor to outer space, a distance of about 30 miles (50 kilometers), the grains spend a few months to a few years in transit, otherwise they would grow much larger.

The authors point out that Cassini's gravity measurements suggest Enceladus' rocky core is quite porous, which would allow water from the ocean to percolate into the interior. This would provide a huge surface area where rock and water could interact.

The second paper, recently published in Geophysical Research Letters, suggests hydrothermal activity as one of two likely sources of methane in the plume of gas and ice particles that erupts from the south polar region of Enceladus. The finding is the result of extensive modeling to address why methane, as previously sampled by Cassini, is curiously abundant in the plume.

The team found that, at the high pressures expected in the moon's ocean, icy materials called clathrates could form that imprison methane molecules within a crystal structure of water ice. Their models indicate that this process is so efficient at depleting the ocean of methane that the researchers still needed an explanation for its abundance in the plume.

In one scenario, hydrothermal processes super-saturate the ocean with methane. This could occur if methane is produced faster than it is converted into clathrates. A second possibility is that methane clathrates from the ocean are dragged along into the erupting plumes and release their methane as they rise, like bubbles forming in a popped bottle of champagne.

The authors agree both scenarios are likely occurring to some degree, but they note that the presence of nanosilica grains, as documented by the other paper, favors the hydrothermal scenario.

"We didn't expect that our study of clathrates in the Enceladus ocean would lead us to the idea that methane is actively being produced by hydrothermal processes," said lead author Alexis Bouquet, a graduate student at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Bouquet worked with co-author Hunter Waite, who leads the Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) team at Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio.

Cassini first revealed active geological processes on Enceladus in 2005 with evidence of an icy spray issuing from the moon's south polar region and higher-than-expected temperatures in the icy surface there. With its powerful suite of complementary science instruments, the mission soon revealed a towering plume of water ice and vapor, salts and organic materials that issues from relatively warm fractures on the wrinkled surface. Gravity science results published in 2014 strongly suggested the presence of a 6-mile- (10-kilometer-) deep ocean beneath an ice shell about 19 to 25 miles (30 to 40 kilometers) thick.

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Italian Space Agency. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, manages the mission for the agency’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Cassini CDA instrument was provided by the German Aerospace Center. The instrument team, led by Ralf Srama, is based at the University of Stuttgart in Germany.

More information about Cassini, visit:

http://www.nasa.gov/cassini
Jacques :-)

Offline Star One

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #429 on: 03/11/2015 10:09 pm »
And here's one of the scientific papers referred too.

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v519/n7542/full/nature14262.html

Interesting titbit in this article talking of these news mentioning plans for an updated Cassini mission. Which is the first I've heard of it.

Quote
But Cornell's Lunine says the question as to whether Enceladus's ocean does or doesn't contain life is one we could answer, and soon. All of the new information we're gleaning about Enceladus (and all of Saturn's moons) comes from the Cassini spacecraft, which was developed in the late '80s and early '90s. Despite carrying outdated tech and instruments, it's revolutionizing the way we think about the possibility of life in other parts of the solar system. Lunine is currently working on a proposal for an update to the Cassini mission, using a new spacecraft with both modern day technology and specialized machinery designed to seek out the bio-signs of life.

"If we go back to Enceladus and build upon the Cassini results with the instruments of today, the short answer is, we know that we'll be able to look for life frozen in the [geyser] particles, and really nail this habitability question," Lunine says.

http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/deep-space/a14507/enceladus-saturn-moon-ocean/
« Last Edit: 03/11/2015 10:14 pm by Star One »

Offline vjkane

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #430 on: 03/12/2015 02:14 am »
Quote
But Cornell's Lunine says the question as to whether Enceladus's ocean does or doesn't contain life is one we could answer, and soon. All of the new information we're gleaning about Enceladus (and all of Saturn's moons) comes from the Cassini spacecraft, which was developed in the late '80s and early '90s. Despite carrying outdated tech and instruments, it's revolutionizing the way we think about the possibility of life in other parts of the solar system. Lunine is currently working on a proposal for an update to the Cassini mission, using a new spacecraft with both modern day technology and specialized machinery designed to seek out the bio-signs of life.

"If we go back to Enceladus and build upon the Cassini results with the instruments of today, the short answer is, we know that we'll be able to look for life frozen in the [geyser] particles, and really nail this habitability question," Lunine says.

He's referring to this Discovery mission proposal: http://www.lpi.usra.edu/opag/feb2015/presentations/18_OPAG_2015_Lunine.pdf


http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/deep-space/a14507/enceladus-saturn-moon-ocean/

Offline Star One

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #431 on: 03/12/2015 06:21 am »

Quote
But Cornell's Lunine says the question as to whether Enceladus's ocean does or doesn't contain life is one we could answer, and soon. All of the new information we're gleaning about Enceladus (and all of Saturn's moons) comes from the Cassini spacecraft, which was developed in the late '80s and early '90s. Despite carrying outdated tech and instruments, it's revolutionizing the way we think about the possibility of life in other parts of the solar system. Lunine is currently working on a proposal for an update to the Cassini mission, using a new spacecraft with both modern day technology and specialized machinery designed to seek out the bio-signs of life.

"If we go back to Enceladus and build upon the Cassini results with the instruments of today, the short answer is, we know that we'll be able to look for life frozen in the [geyser] particles, and really nail this habitability question," Lunine says.

He's referring to this Discovery mission proposal: http://www.lpi.usra.edu/opag/feb2015/presentations/18_OPAG_2015_Lunine.pdf


http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/deep-space/a14507/enceladus-saturn-moon-ocean/

Thanks. Seems rather ambitious for a Discovery class mission.

Offline Ben the Space Brit

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #432 on: 03/12/2015 09:35 am »
I'm really interested to learn what could be driving Enceladus's activity. It's a small object and it shouldn't be experiencing strong tidal effects the way Io and Europa do with Jupiter.
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Offline Star One

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #433 on: 03/12/2015 11:59 am »
I'm really interested to learn what could be driving Enceladus's activity. It's a small object and it shouldn't be experiencing strong tidal effects the way Io and Europa do with Jupiter.

That article I linked to above did say it was tidal effects.

See this quote, my bolding.

Quote
But while Hsu says Enceladus looks tantalizingly habitable, it's not clear whether life could (or does) exist on the moon. "An important consideration is the timescale of the Enceladus's ocean's hydrothermal activities," Hsu says. That is, we just don't know how long Enceladus's hydrothermal activity has gone on. Unlike thermal activity on Earth, which is powered by our hot, churning core, Enceladus's heat is created by gravitational friction from the pull of Saturn and its other moons.
« Last Edit: 03/12/2015 12:02 pm by Star One »

Offline Nilof

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #434 on: 03/12/2015 01:10 pm »
The really weird part about Enceladus though, is that it shares almost the same orbit as Mimas, but Mimas is completely dead geologically.
For a variable Isp spacecraft running at constant power and constant acceleration, the mass ratio is linear in delta-v.   Δv = ve0(MR-1). Or equivalently: Δv = vef PMF. Also, this is energy-optimal for a fixed delta-v and mass ratio.

Offline eeergo

Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #435 on: 04/16/2015 02:12 pm »
Related to the above posts, there is a new update in NASA's website about the origin of the tendrils in the E ring caused by Enceladus' geysers.

http://www.nasa.gov/jpl/cassini/icy-tendrils-reaching-into-saturn-ring-traced-to-their-source/

Check out the amazing wide-field images, they are absolutely gorgeous.

Also related to this, I read with interest the unlikely but intriguing panspermic study by Czechowski et al (http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2015/pdf/2699.pdf), which I found out about thanks to D. Marin's Eureka blog: http://danielmarin.naukas.com/2015/04/15/y-si-la-vida-en-la-tierra-vino-de-encelado/#more-48258

But not everything can be beautiful, and for some reason the press release decided to make minds cringe with the following sentence: "They found the tendrils are composed of particles with diameters no smaller than about a hundred thousandth of an inch". I really wonder why a science and technology entity such as the most important space agency in the world stubbornly chooses to use meaningless sub-units for contexts that are clearly outside of their utility, and makes it awkward to compare with widely-used references. Should we interpret the order of magnitude of 10^-5 inches as tens of microns, hundreds of microns... maybe really ~30 microns? It's one thing to employ imperial units for heritage applications or situations where it might be impractical to think in other terms, but this 1/100000'' business is just disgraceful. Rant over :)
« Last Edit: 04/16/2015 02:12 pm by eeergo »
-DaviD-

Offline the_other_Doug

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #436 on: 04/19/2015 09:35 pm »
Like it or not, Americans think in Imperial units, not in metric.  No one has ever come up with a way to shove a metric conversion down us Americans' throats, even though most product labeling now gives both Imperial and metric units, as something of a compromise.

The units of measure that one has used from childhood become deeply ingrained.  You relate to your environment in terms of the units with which you're most familiar.  You'd have to literally mandate (i.e., force) the abandonment of the Imperial units and wait about five generations before this issue would go away.

And in America, no matter what else you say about it, there is a fine old tradition to resist -- sometimes unto death -- being forced to do anything.  Regardless of how good of an idea it might be.

<anti-rant over>  ;)
-Doug  (With my shield, not yet upon it)

Offline bolun

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #437 on: 05/11/2015 11:03 am »
Cassini-Huygens Participating Scientists. Announcement of Opportunity

07 May 2015

The scientific community is invited to submit proposals for participation to the Cassini-Huygens mission through the Participating Scientists (PS) programme. This Announcement of Opportunity (AO) is issued jointly by ESA, NASA, and ASI. A brief statement of work is due on 1 June 2015; the full proposal is due on 18 August 2015.

http://sci.esa.int/cassini-huygens/55875-cassini-huygens-participating-scientists-announcement-of-opportunity-2015/

Offline bolun

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #438 on: 06/23/2015 01:33 pm »
Lakes and seas on Titan

A radar image of Titan's north polar regions (centre), with close ups of numerous lakes (left) and a large sea (right). The sea, Ligeia Mare, measures roughly 420 × 350 km and is the second largest known body of liquid hydrocarbons on Titan. Its shorelines extend for some 2000 km and many rivers can be seen draining into the sea. By contrast, the numerous lakes are typically less than 100 km across and have more rounded shapes with steep sides.

The radar images were created using data collected by the international Cassini spacecraft.

http://sci.esa.int/cassini-huygens/56036-lakes-and-seas-on-titan/

Related article:

- Dissolving Ttitan

http://sci.esa.int/cassini-huygens/56035-dissolving-titan/

Credit: Centre: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASI/USGS; left and right: NASA/ESA. Acknowledgement: T. Cornet, ESA

Offline llanitedave

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Re: NASA - Cassini updates
« Reply #439 on: 06/24/2015 08:16 pm »
We're gonna need more boats.
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