Author Topic: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster  (Read 86515 times)

Offline ZhixianLin

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We know that on the electromagnetic wave propagation path, the direction of electric field at a point changes periodically. If there is a charged object at the point also changes its charge property periodically with the same frequency, then the electric field force direction on the object will not change. Therefore, the object will do directional movement. Based on this, it is possible to design a spacecraft without propellant. And the calculation suggests that the thrust can be much higher than radiation pressure. With the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation, this paper also proves that in a limited space, momentum can be not conserved although it is still conserved in the whole universe.
« Last Edit: 12/25/2015 06:00 am by ZhixianLin »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #1 on: 12/18/2015 12:14 am »
Why no one can understand my design? It is so simple and with complete theoretical support.

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #2 on: 12/18/2015 03:14 pm »
We know that on the electromagnetic wave propagation path, the direction of electric field at a point changes periodically. If there is a charged object at the point also changes its charge property periodically with the same frequency, then the electric field force direction on the object will not change. Therefore, the object will do directional movement. Based on this, it is possible to design a spacecraft without propellant. And the calculation suggests that the thrust can be much higher than radiation pressure. With the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation, this paper also proves that in a limited space, momentum can be not conserved although it is still conserved in the whole universe.

Thank you for your contribution :)

There are several issues for discussion on your report, for example, to pick one:

If  a  force  were to be produced, then  work  would be  done  when  the  electromagnetic engine  moves in space (Work = Force * displacement).  If  the  force  is  produced  without  energy  radiation (or mass outflow), the  work  is  performed  without  spending energy. Then, the proposed electromagnetic device would be a perpetual-motion machine.

It is curious that proponents of propellant-less electromagnetic space propulsion that don't rely on external fields for propulsion, like electromagnetic tethers, etc., seem to avoid the consequence of their device being a perpetual motion machine.  If the device is a perpetual motion machine, it could be used for energy purposes here on Earth, and such discussions (of using their electromagnetic self-accelerators for energy production on Earth instead of for transportation purposes) are avoided.

Offline oliverio

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #3 on: 12/18/2015 07:41 pm »
We know that on the electromagnetic wave propagation path, the direction of electric field at a point changes periodically. If there is a charged object at the point also changes its charge property periodically with the same frequency, then the electric field force direction on the object will not change. Therefore, the object will do directional movement. Based on this, it is possible to design a spacecraft without propellant. And the calculation suggests that the thrust can be much higher than radiation pressure. With the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation, this paper also proves that in a limited space, momentum can be not conserved although it is still conserved in the whole universe.

Thank you for your contribution :)

There are several issues for discussion on your report, for example, to pick one:

If  a  force  were to be produced, then  work  would be  done  when  the  electromagnetic engine  moves in space (Work = Force * displacement).  If  the  force  is  produced  without  energy  radiation (or mass outflow), the  work  is  performed  without  spending energy. Then, the proposed electromagnetic device would be a perpetual-motion machine.

It is curious that proponents of propellant-less electromagnetic space propulsion that don't rely on external fields for propulsion, like electromagnetic tethers, etc., seem to avoid the consequence of their device being a perpetual motion machine.  If the device is a perpetual motion machine, it could be used for energy purposes here on Earth, and such discussions (of using their electromagnetic self-accelerators for energy production on Earth instead of for transportation purposes) are avoided.

... unless electricity in > work out....

I don't think that you are right that an electromagnetic drive is a perpetual motion device. If, for example, the QV receives energy, it is obvious why this  is a nonconcern.

Offline jedisawyer

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #4 on: 12/18/2015 08:05 pm »
On the topic of conservation of momentum.  I have a problem with what happens when two gases of different temperature mix.   If you conserve kinetic energy,  then the mixed gas has more potential momentum than both gases had previous to mixing,KE =  ρ2/2Mass .  For a gas the KE is potential directional momentum as it can be given direction by letting it go through an orifice such as a rocket nozzle.   Attaching an example using Helium to avoid some complications if you use gases that have higher adiabatic indexes, not that I don't think it applies to all matter that are in the gaseous state of matter.     

Offline oliverio

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #5 on: 12/18/2015 08:17 pm »
On the topic of conservation of momentum.  I have a problem with what happens when two gases of different temperature mix.   If you conserve kinetic energy,  then the mixed gas has more potential momentum than both gases had previous to mixing,KE =  ρ2/2Mass .  For a gas the KE is potential directional momentum as it can be given direction by letting it go through an orifice such as a rocket nozzle.   Attaching an example using Helium to avoid some complications if you use gases that have higher adiabatic indexes, not that I don't think it applies to all matter that are in the gaseous state of matter.   

The hot gas loses temperature and thus kinetic energy when mixed.

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #6 on: 12/18/2015 09:58 pm »
We know that on the electromagnetic wave propagation path, the direction of electric field at a point changes periodically. If there is a charged object at the point also changes its charge property periodically with the same frequency, then the electric field force direction on the object will not change. Therefore, the object will do directional movement. Based on this, it is possible to design a spacecraft without propellant. And the calculation suggests that the thrust can be much higher than radiation pressure. With the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation, this paper also proves that in a limited space, momentum can be not conserved although it is still conserved in the whole universe.

Thank you for your contribution :)

There are several issues for discussion on your report, for example, to pick one:

If  a  force  were to be produced, then  work  would be  done  when  the  electromagnetic engine  moves in space (Work = Force * displacement).  If  the  force  is  produced  without  energy  radiation (or mass outflow), the  work  is  performed  without  spending energy. Then, the proposed electromagnetic device would be a perpetual-motion machine.

It is curious that proponents of propellant-less electromagnetic space propulsion that don't rely on external fields for propulsion, like electromagnetic tethers, etc., seem to avoid the consequence of their device being a perpetual motion machine.  If the device is a perpetual motion machine, it could be used for energy purposes here on Earth, and such discussions (of using their electromagnetic self-accelerators for energy production on Earth instead of for transportation purposes) are avoided.

... unless electricity in > work out....

I don't think that you are right that an electromagnetic drive is a perpetual motion device. If, for example, the QV receives energy, it is obvious why this  is a nonconcern.

Oliverio, before stating that someone is not right, you should read more carefully  ;)  , since I had carefully included:

Quote
that don't rely on external fields for propulsion, like electromagnetic tethers, etc.,

in my statement above, and I even had underlined it !

Dr. White conceives of a mutable, degradable Quantum Vacuum, which constitutes an external field of virtual e/p particles.  Other authors propose other interactions with the QV.  The QV is a field that extends out of the electromagnetic device.  ZhixianLin's in the posted paper (did you read it?) does not posit the QV as the reason for self-acceleration of his electromagnetic drive.

Therefore, Mr. Oliveiro,
Quote
you are not right
(since I had already included the modifier about interacting with external fields) .

ZhixianLin's does not claim that the QV is the reason for self-acceleration in his proposal.  Furthermore, as is apparent from ZhixianLin's paper (and as he has made clear in another thread) ZhixianLin does not even invoke the gravitational field of General Relativity.  His equations are based on classical electromagnetism.
« Last Edit: 12/18/2015 10:38 pm by Rodal »

Offline oliverio

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #7 on: 12/18/2015 11:06 pm »
Pardon me Dr. Rodal? 

"I do not think you are right ... [content]" does not constitute me saying "You are not right."  There is no more clear way to express an opinion than the preface "I do not think that."  I genuinely question why you edited my quote and why you read my post in such a fashion, and the only inference that seems reasonable is that you have no interest in engaging with me.

If you think an emdrive as conceived on this forum is a perpetual motion device, please explain to me the fashion in which you could extract energy from the following device, and assume it does not push against an external field.

One has an emdrive that weighs 1kg and travels 1m over a table's surface  when 1000000 watts is supplied to the antenna. (For reasons of simplicity, let's say that this is a burst of RF impulse, not constantly applied.) 

I think it becomes clear that a such-described drive does not constitute a perpetual motion schema in any case, until the power efficiency reaches a certain figure (that is, the point at which spent electrical energy exceeds the potential kinetic energy of the drive. Up until this point it is just in theory a momentum transfer.) 

So if I am wrong you should be able to point out why I am wrong under the confines of this thought experiment.  I have a feeling you are about to tell me that there is no known method of converting electrical energy directly to kinetic potential-- which we both full well as adults understand-- which is not the debate at hand.

The question is whether such a device that actually does so would constitute by definition a "perpetual energy machine."  In this sense I hope I am wrong. No issues there. Feel free to tell me so if it is your opinion that's the case.  That's how we have a dialogue right?
« Last Edit: 12/18/2015 11:24 pm by oliverio »

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #8 on: 12/18/2015 11:27 pm »
Pardon me Dr. Rodal? 

"I do not think you are right ... [content]" does not constitute me saying "You are not right."  There is no more clear way to express an opinion than the preface "I do not think that."  I genuinely question why you edited my quote and why you read my post in such a fashion, and the only inference that seems reasonable is that you have no interest in engaging with me.

If you think an emdrive as conceived on this forum is a perpetual motion device, please explain to me the fashion in which you could extract energy from the following device, and assume it does not push against an external field.

One has an emdrive that weighs 1kg and travels 1m over a table's surface  when 1000000 watts is supplied to the antenna. (For reasons of simplicity, let's say that this is a burst of RF impulse, not constantly applied.) 

I think it becomes clear that a such-described drive does not constitute a perpetual motion schema in any case, until the power efficiency reaches a certain figure (that is, the point at which spent electrical energy exceeds the potential kinetic energy of the drive. Up until this point it is just in theory a momentum transfer.) 

So if I am wrong you should be able to point out why I am wrong under the confines of this thought experiment.  I have a feeling you are about to tell me that there is no known method of converting electrical energy directly to kinetic potential-- which we both full well as adults understand-- which is not the debate at hand.

The question is whether such a device that actually does so would constitute by definition a "perpetual energy machine."  In this sense I hope I am wrong. No issues there. Feel free to tell me so if it is your opinion that's the case.  That's how we have a dialogue right?
Oliveiro, don't you understand that this thread is about ZhixianLin's  proposal ?

Have you read ZhixianLin's paper?

ZhixianLin's paper is NOT about the EM Drive, nor is my post about the EM Drive.

Offline oliverio

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #9 on: 12/18/2015 11:30 pm »
Pardon me Dr. Rodal? 

"I do not think you are right ... [content]" does not constitute me saying "You are not right."  There is no more clear way to express an opinion than the preface "I do not think that."  I genuinely question why you edited my quote and why you read my post in such a fashion, and the only inference that seems reasonable is that you have no interest in engaging with me.

If you think an emdrive as conceived on this forum is a perpetual motion device, please explain to me the fashion in which you could extract energy from the following device, and assume it does not push against an external field.

One has an emdrive that weighs 1kg and travels 1m over a table's surface  when 1000000 watts is supplied to the antenna. (For reasons of simplicity, let's say that this is a burst of RF impulse, not constantly applied.) 

I think it becomes clear that a such-described drive does not constitute a perpetual motion schema in any case, until the power efficiency reaches a certain figure (that is, the point at which spent electrical energy exceeds the potential kinetic energy of the drive. Up until this point it is just in theory a momentum transfer.) 

So if I am wrong you should be able to point out why I am wrong under the confines of this thought experiment.  I have a feeling you are about to tell me that there is no known method of converting electrical energy directly to kinetic potential-- which we both full well as adults understand-- which is not the debate at hand.

The question is whether such a device that actually does so would constitute by definition a "perpetual energy machine."  In this sense I hope I am wrong. No issues there. Feel free to tell me so if it is your opinion that's the case.  That's how we have a dialogue right?
Oliveiro, don't you understand that this thread is about ZhixianLin's  proposal ?

Have you read ZhixianLin's paper?

ZhixianLin's paper is NOT about the EM Drive, nor is my post about the EM Drive.

You brought up the notion that one would constitute infinite potential energy, not me.  You can substitute the word emdrive with em thruster if it makes you comfortable, or em self-accelerator.  I was addressing the substance of your post, a charity you continually withhold from me.
« Last Edit: 12/18/2015 11:34 pm by oliverio »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #10 on: 12/19/2015 12:06 am »
We know that on the electromagnetic wave propagation path, the direction of electric field at a point changes periodically. If there is a charged object at the point also changes its charge property periodically with the same frequency, then the electric field force direction on the object will not change. Therefore, the object will do directional movement. Based on this, it is possible to design a spacecraft without propellant. And the calculation suggests that the thrust can be much higher than radiation pressure. With the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation, this paper also proves that in a limited space, momentum can be not conserved although it is still conserved in the whole universe.

Thank you for your contribution :)

There are several issues for discussion on your report, for example, to pick one:

If  a  force  were to be produced, then  work  would be  done  when  the  electromagnetic engine  moves in space (Work = Force * displacement).  If  the  force  is  produced  without  energy  radiation (or mass outflow), the  work  is  performed  without  spending energy. Then, the proposed electromagnetic device would be a perpetual-motion machine.

It is curious that proponents of propellant-less electromagnetic space propulsion that don't rely on external fields for propulsion, like electromagnetic tethers, etc., seem to avoid the consequence of their device being a perpetual motion machine.  If the device is a perpetual motion machine, it could be used for energy purposes here on Earth, and such discussions (of using their electromagnetic self-accelerators for energy production on Earth instead of for transportation purposes) are avoided.

The energy has been output when the electromagnetic wave source emits electromagnetic wave. And the metal panel absorb energy from the electromagnetic wave. So it is not a perpetual motion machine, the energy is from the electromagnetic wave source.

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #11 on: 12/19/2015 01:09 am »
We know that on the electromagnetic wave propagation path, the direction of electric field at a point changes periodically. If there is a charged object at the point also changes its charge property periodically with the same frequency, then the electric field force direction on the object will not change. Therefore, the object will do directional movement. Based on this, it is possible to design a spacecraft without propellant. And the calculation suggests that the thrust can be much higher than radiation pressure. With the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation, this paper also proves that in a limited space, momentum can be not conserved although it is still conserved in the whole universe.

Thank you for your contribution :)

There are several issues for discussion on your report, for example, to pick one:

If  a  force  were to be produced, then  work  would be  done  when  the  electromagnetic engine  moves in space (Work = Force * displacement).  If  the  force  is  produced  without  energy  radiation (or mass outflow), the  work  is  performed  without  spending energy. Then, the proposed electromagnetic device would be a perpetual-motion machine.

It is curious that proponents of propellant-less electromagnetic space propulsion that don't rely on external fields for propulsion, like electromagnetic tethers, etc., seem to avoid the consequence of their device being a perpetual motion machine.  If the device is a perpetual motion machine, it could be used for energy purposes here on Earth, and such discussions (of using their electromagnetic self-accelerators for energy production on Earth instead of for transportation purposes) are avoided.

The energy has been output when the electromagnetic wave source emits electromagnetic wave. And the metal panel absorb energy from the electromagnetic wave. So it is not a perpetual motion machine, the energy is from the electromagnetic wave source.
To be explicit, to use math rather than inexact words, and make transparent the energy conservation issue with your device, we need you to write down the expression that, according to your theory, relates:

1) the resulting force from your drive

 to

2) the Power Input to your drive

(I did not find such equation, or a discussion of energy conservation, in your paper).

Thanks.
« Last Edit: 12/19/2015 02:32 am by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #12 on: 12/19/2015 02:44 am »
We know that on the electromagnetic wave propagation path, the direction of electric field at a point changes periodically. If there is a charged object at the point also changes its charge property periodically with the same frequency, then the electric field force direction on the object will not change. Therefore, the object will do directional movement. Based on this, it is possible to design a spacecraft without propellant. And the calculation suggests that the thrust can be much higher than radiation pressure. With the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation, this paper also proves that in a limited space, momentum can be not conserved although it is still conserved in the whole universe.

Thank you for your contribution :)

There are several issues for discussion on your report, for example, to pick one:

If  a  force  were to be produced, then  work  would be  done  when  the  electromagnetic engine  moves in space (Work = Force * displacement).  If  the  force  is  produced  without  energy  radiation (or mass outflow), the  work  is  performed  without  spending energy. Then, the proposed electromagnetic device would be a perpetual-motion machine.

It is curious that proponents of propellant-less electromagnetic space propulsion that don't rely on external fields for propulsion, like electromagnetic tethers, etc., seem to avoid the consequence of their device being a perpetual motion machine.  If the device is a perpetual motion machine, it could be used for energy purposes here on Earth, and such discussions (of using their electromagnetic self-accelerators for energy production on Earth instead of for transportation purposes) are avoided.

The energy has been output when the electromagnetic wave source emits electromagnetic wave. And the metal panel absorb energy from the electromagnetic wave. So it is not a perpetual motion machine, the energy is from the electromagnetic wave source.
To be explicit, and make transparent the energy conservation issue with your device, we need you to write down the expression that, according to your theory, relates:

1) the resulting force from your drive

 to

2) the Power Input to your drive

(I did not find such equation, or a discussion of energy conservation, in your paper).

Thanks.

You can find the equations in my paper.
1) the resulting force from your drive
The equation (2-8) is the force

2) the Power Input to your drive
The power input depends on E0 and I0, that is the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits connected with the metal panel. From the equation (2-8), we can see that if we do not changed E0 and I0, but only reduce the the angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased. That means we do not need to increase the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits, but only reduce the frequency of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased.

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #13 on: 12/19/2015 02:50 am »
...

You can find the equations in my paper.
1) the resulting force from your drive
The equation (2-8) is the force

2) the Power Input to your drive
The power input depends on E0 and I0, that is the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits connected with the metal panel. From the equation (2-8), we can see that if we do not changed E0 and I0, but only reduce the the angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased. That means we do not need to increase the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits, but only reduce the frequency of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased.

So am I correct in interpreting your equation as stating, that for A) constant power input, and B) constant angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, your theory gives a constant force to the spaceship, and hence that for constant mass of the spaceship (since you propose a propellant-less device that does not ejects any mass), you are proposing that for constant power input, the spaceship will achieve constant acceleration ?
« Last Edit: 12/19/2015 03:02 am by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #14 on: 12/19/2015 03:06 am »
...

You can find the equations in my paper.
1) the resulting force from your drive
The equation (2-8) is the force

2) the Power Input to your drive
The power input depends on E0 and I0, that is the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits connected with the metal panel. From the equation (2-8), we can see that if we do not changed E0 and I0, but only reduce the the angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased. That means we do not need to increase the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits, but only reduce the frequency of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased.

So am I correct in interpreting your equation as stating, that for A) constant power input, and B) constant angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, your theory gives a constant force to the spaceship, and hence that for constant mass of the spaceship (since you propose a propellant-less device that does not ejects any mass), you are proposing that for constant power input, the spaceship will achieve constant acceleration ?

Yes, if power and angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave are both constant, the force should be constant.

Offline oliverio

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #15 on: 12/19/2015 03:55 am »
...

You can find the equations in my paper.
1) the resulting force from your drive
The equation (2-8) is the force

2) the Power Input to your drive
The power input depends on E0 and I0, that is the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits connected with the metal panel. From the equation (2-8), we can see that if we do not changed E0 and I0, but only reduce the the angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased. That means we do not need to increase the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits, but only reduce the frequency of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased.

So am I correct in interpreting your equation as stating, that for A) constant power input, and B) constant angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, your theory gives a constant force to the spaceship, and hence that for constant mass of the spaceship (since you propose a propellant-less device that does not ejects any mass), you are proposing that for constant power input, the spaceship will achieve constant acceleration ?

Yes, if power and angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave are both constant, the force should be constant.

The same way a generator produces constant "energy" with constant power input to the rotor, an electromagnetic drive should achieve constant "momentum" per constant power input.  This should not even really be conceived of as acceleration, because acceleration is the thing that imparts momentum, not the same thing as momentum.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #16 on: 12/19/2015 04:02 am »
...

You can find the equations in my paper.
1) the resulting force from your drive
The equation (2-8) is the force

2) the Power Input to your drive
The power input depends on E0 and I0, that is the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits connected with the metal panel. From the equation (2-8), we can see that if we do not changed E0 and I0, but only reduce the the angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased. That means we do not need to increase the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits, but only reduce the frequency of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased.

So am I correct in interpreting your equation as stating, that for A) constant power input, and B) constant angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, your theory gives a constant force to the spaceship, and hence that for constant mass of the spaceship (since you propose a propellant-less device that does not ejects any mass), you are proposing that for constant power input, the spaceship will achieve constant acceleration ?

Yes, if power and angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave are both constant, the force should be constant.

The same way a generator produces constant "energy" with constant power input to the rotor, an electromagnetic drive should achieve constant "momentum" per constant power input.  This should not even really be conceived of as acceleration, because acceleration is the thing that imparts momentum, not the same thing as momentum.

If we reduce the angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, there can accumulate more charge on the metal panel in half a cycle. More charge  means higher electric field force.

Offline SteveD

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #17 on: 12/19/2015 04:32 am »
...

You can find the equations in my paper.
1) the resulting force from your drive
The equation (2-8) is the force

2) the Power Input to your drive
The power input depends on E0 and I0, that is the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits connected with the metal panel. From the equation (2-8), we can see that if we do not changed E0 and I0, but only reduce the the angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased. That means we do not need to increase the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits, but only reduce the frequency of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased.

So am I correct in interpreting your equation as stating, that for A) constant power input, and B) constant angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, your theory gives a constant force to the spaceship, and hence that for constant mass of the spaceship (since you propose a propellant-less device that does not ejects any mass), you are proposing that for constant power input, the spaceship will achieve constant acceleration ?

If you're about to argue this creates a over unity, please explain how a photon rocket does not suffer from the same over unity.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #18 on: 12/19/2015 04:41 am »
...

You can find the equations in my paper.
1) the resulting force from your drive
The equation (2-8) is the force

2) the Power Input to your drive
The power input depends on E0 and I0, that is the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits connected with the metal panel. From the equation (2-8), we can see that if we do not changed E0 and I0, but only reduce the the angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased. That means we do not need to increase the power of electromagnetic wave source and inductive circuits, but only reduce the frequency of electromagnetic wave, the force can also be increased.

So am I correct in interpreting your equation as stating, that for A) constant power input, and B) constant angular frequency ω of electromagnetic wave, your theory gives a constant force to the spaceship, and hence that for constant mass of the spaceship (since you propose a propellant-less device that does not ejects any mass), you are proposing that for constant power input, the spaceship will achieve constant acceleration ?

If you're about to argue this creates a over unity, please explain how a photon rocket does not suffer from the same over unity.

You can see the "The New Understanding of Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation" in my paper, it can explain why my design can work.

Offline Paul451

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #19 on: 12/19/2015 11:42 am »
If you're about to argue this creates a over unity, please explain how a photon rocket does not suffer from the same over unity.

Steve,

It does, but unity occurs when the velocity is exactly the speed of light for a perfect photon emitter, so overunity can only occur at greater than c. Worse for a less than perfect emitter. So it cannot occur in a real photon drive below the speed of light. (And if your drive is going FTL, you've already overturned physics and now you're just stop showing off.)

[In a device with constant Power/Acceleration ratio, overunity occurs above the the cross-over velocity which is v(unity) = Power/Force. This has been shown several times in the EMDrive thread, I believe.

Power=∆E/∆t. Force=∆p/∆t. (where p is momentum). Substitute terms, cancel ∆t, and v(unity) = ∆E/∆p.

Energy to emit a photon = hc/λ, assuming a perfect emitter.

Change in momentum due to the emission of that photon = h/λ.

Substitute and cancel the common terms h & λ, and v(unity) = c.

Therefore overunity only occurs when v > c. Which is impossible.

Neat, huh?]

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #20 on: 12/19/2015 01:21 pm »
If you're about to argue this creates a over unity, please explain how a photon rocket does not suffer from the same over unity.

Steve,

It does, but unity occurs when the velocity is exactly the speed of light for a perfect photon emitter, so overunity can only occur at greater than c. Worse for a less than perfect emitter. So it cannot occur in a real photon drive below the speed of light. (And if your drive is going FTL, you've already overturned physics and now you're just stop showing off.)

[In a device with constant Power/Acceleration ratio, overunity occurs above the the cross-over velocity which is v(unity) = Power/Force. This has been shown several times in the EMDrive thread, I believe.

Power=∆E/∆t. Force=∆p/∆t. (where p is momentum). Substitute terms, cancel ∆t, and v(unity) = ∆E/∆p.

Energy to emit a photon = hc/λ, assuming a perfect emitter.

Change in momentum due to the emission of that photon = h/λ.

Substitute and cancel the common terms h & λ, and v(unity) = c.

Therefore overunity only occurs when v > c. Which is impossible.

Neat, huh?]

According to the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation, over unity  can also occurs when we use "Maxwell stress tensor" to generate force. It does not need v > c.

Just see the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation:

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #21 on: 12/19/2015 02:16 pm »
I took a brief look at your paper.

For the device you drew, there is a big problem with the circuit, it is missing the most important element for it to actually work as described. There are some other issues with the force calculation, but if you can't figure out the issue with the circuit, I am not sure there is a point in me going into more detail. (I'll let you know the issue if you ask, but I think it would be more beneficial for you to figure it out yourself.)

For the momentum conservation section, every manipulation of an equation, statement, and conclusion is wrong. In order to explain why, I need to have an idea of what your math background includes. Ideally you would already know how to use and calculate the following, as well as understand the physical significance of each of these concepts: vectors, derivatives, integrals, dot product, cross product, divergence, curl, and tensors.

Please let me know which of those concepts you are comfortable with so I can write a clear explanation. (Note that I don't intend to try to teach multivariable calculus over an internet forum)

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #22 on: 12/19/2015 11:57 pm »
I took a brief look at your paper.

For the device you drew, there is a big problem with the circuit, it is missing the most important element for it to actually work as described. There are some other issues with the force calculation, but if you can't figure out the issue with the circuit, I am not sure there is a point in me going into more detail. (I'll let you know the issue if you ask, but I think it would be more beneficial for you to figure it out yourself.)

For the momentum conservation section, every manipulation of an equation, statement, and conclusion is wrong. In order to explain why, I need to have an idea of what your math background includes. Ideally you would already know how to use and calculate the following, as well as understand the physical significance of each of these concepts: vectors, derivatives, integrals, dot product, cross product, divergence, curl, and tensors.

Please let me know which of those concepts you are comfortable with so I can write a clear explanation. (Note that I don't intend to try to teach multivariable calculus over an internet forum)

Honestly, I didn't find any problem of the circuit. So, I ask you what is the problem? "vectors, derivatives, integrals, dot product, cross product, divergence, curl, and tensors" I know all of them precisely, maybe more precise than you.

Let me guess the problem. Missing battery?
« Last Edit: 12/20/2015 12:16 am by ZhixianLin »

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #23 on: 12/20/2015 04:56 pm »
I took a brief look at your paper.

For the device you drew, there is a big problem with the circuit, it is missing the most important element for it to actually work as described. There are some other issues with the force calculation, but if you can't figure out the issue with the circuit, I am not sure there is a point in me going into more detail. (I'll let you know the issue if you ask, but I think it would be more beneficial for you to figure it out yourself.)

For the momentum conservation section, every manipulation of an equation, statement, and conclusion is wrong. In order to explain why, I need to have an idea of what your math background includes. Ideally you would already know how to use and calculate the following, as well as understand the physical significance of each of these concepts: vectors, derivatives, integrals, dot product, cross product, divergence, curl, and tensors.

Please let me know which of those concepts you are comfortable with so I can write a clear explanation. (Note that I don't intend to try to teach multivariable calculus over an internet forum)

Honestly, I didn't find any problem of the circuit. So, I ask you what is the problem? "vectors, derivatives, integrals, dot product, cross product, divergence, curl, and tensors" I know all of them precisely, maybe more precise than you.

Let me guess the problem. Missing battery?

Yes, the circuit is nothing but passive elements, so it won't do anything. I'd recommend you just add a oscillating voltage source rather than designing your own inverter though.

You might not be familiar with this site, but this is a friendly forum. "maybe more precise than you" sounds like a personal attack, especially when you have know way of knowing how much background I have working with those concepts. Posts with personal attacks in them will usually just be deleted on this forum.

For your momentum conservation calculations here is a description of where you go wrong. As a note, your definition of the Maxwell Stress Tensor in equation 4-2 is the negative of the definition I have seen elsewhere. This is OK, since you have a corresponding negative sign in equation 4-1. I will be using the opposite sign convention as you in my description though.

Your first mistake is assuming that the time derivative of momentum is equivalent to the time derivative of the Poynting vector, just because they are both time derivatives, and therefore concluding that the divergence of T is therefore an extra term. In actuality the total force exerted on collection of charges is the volume integral of equation 4-1. This is equal to the time rate of change of the mechanical momentum inside the volume. The volume integral of the Poynting vector (with appropriate constant factor) is momentum that is stored in the electromagnetic fields themselves. Since there is a negative sign on the Poynting vector, it makes sense to move it to the other side of the equation, so we get that the time rate of change of the mechanical momentum, plus the time rate of change of the momentum in the fields is equal to the volume integral of the divergence of the Maxwell Stress Tensor.

The volume integral of the divergence of a tensor is equal to the surface integral of the tensor (specifically the integral of T dot da). In this case, It then appears that the surface integral Maxwell Stress Tensor represents the time rate of change of momentum exiting the volume that is being integrated over. In other words, Maxwell's Stress Tensor is the momentum flux density. If the boundary of the volume is the surface of a conductor, the surface integral can represent the force acting on the surface, or in the case of free space, it represents the momentum carried out of the volume through the fields i.e. the momentum of photons leaving the volume.

This therefore does not support your conclusion the F = dp/dt does not hold locally. It just means that you have to remember to account for any momentum leaving the volume you are concerned with. The mechanical equivalent is tossing a ball out of a room through a door, and summing the momentum of all objects in the room before the ball leaves, and just after the ball leaves. If you don't account for the fact that momentum was carried out of the room by the ball, it will look like momentum conservation is broken.

In summary, your conclusion that momentum can be locally non-conserved is incorrect, and your idea that you can get more momentum from an EM based propulsion (with no mass outflow) than the momentum of emitted photons is not supported.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #24 on: 12/21/2015 12:12 am »
I took a brief look at your paper.

For the device you drew, there is a big problem with the circuit, it is missing the most important element for it to actually work as described. There are some other issues with the force calculation, but if you can't figure out the issue with the circuit, I am not sure there is a point in me going into more detail. (I'll let you know the issue if you ask, but I think it would be more beneficial for you to figure it out yourself.)

For the momentum conservation section, every manipulation of an equation, statement, and conclusion is wrong. In order to explain why, I need to have an idea of what your math background includes. Ideally you would already know how to use and calculate the following, as well as understand the physical significance of each of these concepts: vectors, derivatives, integrals, dot product, cross product, divergence, curl, and tensors.

Please let me know which of those concepts you are comfortable with so I can write a clear explanation. (Note that I don't intend to try to teach multivariable calculus over an internet forum)

Honestly, I didn't find any problem of the circuit. So, I ask you what is the problem? "vectors, derivatives, integrals, dot product, cross product, divergence, curl, and tensors" I know all of them precisely, maybe more precise than you.

Let me guess the problem. Missing battery?

Yes, the circuit is nothing but passive elements, so it won't do anything. I'd recommend you just add a oscillating voltage source rather than designing your own inverter though.

You might not be familiar with this site, but this is a friendly forum. "maybe more precise than you" sounds like a personal attack, especially when you have know way of knowing how much background I have working with those concepts. Posts with personal attacks in them will usually just be deleted on this forum.

For your momentum conservation calculations here is a description of where you go wrong. As a note, your definition of the Maxwell Stress Tensor in equation 4-2 is the negative of the definition I have seen elsewhere. This is OK, since you have a corresponding negative sign in equation 4-1. I will be using the opposite sign convention as you in my description though.

Your first mistake is assuming that the time derivative of momentum is equivalent to the time derivative of the Poynting vector, just because they are both time derivatives, and therefore concluding that the divergence of T is therefore an extra term. In actuality the total force exerted on collection of charges is the volume integral of equation 4-1. This is equal to the time rate of change of the mechanical momentum inside the volume. The volume integral of the Poynting vector (with appropriate constant factor) is momentum that is stored in the electromagnetic fields themselves. Since there is a negative sign on the Poynting vector, it makes sense to move it to the other side of the equation, so we get that the time rate of change of the mechanical momentum, plus the time rate of change of the momentum in the fields is equal to the volume integral of the divergence of the Maxwell Stress Tensor.

The volume integral of the divergence of a tensor is equal to the surface integral of the tensor (specifically the integral of T dot da). In this case, It then appears that the surface integral Maxwell Stress Tensor represents the time rate of change of momentum exiting the volume that is being integrated over. In other words, Maxwell's Stress Tensor is the momentum flux density. If the boundary of the volume is the surface of a conductor, the surface integral can represent the force acting on the surface, or in the case of free space, it represents the momentum carried out of the volume through the fields i.e. the momentum of photons leaving the volume.

This therefore does not support your conclusion the F = dp/dt does not hold locally. It just means that you have to remember to account for any momentum leaving the volume you are concerned with. The mechanical equivalent is tossing a ball out of a room through a door, and summing the momentum of all objects in the room before the ball leaves, and just after the ball leaves. If you don't account for the fact that momentum was carried out of the room by the ball, it will look like momentum conservation is broken.

In summary, your conclusion that momentum can be locally non-conserved is incorrect, and your idea that you can get more momentum from an EM based propulsion (with no mass outflow) than the momentum of emitted photons is not supported.

Yes, it need a battery. Do you mean if the volume has surrounded all the charges, then it will only photons can leave the volume, no tensor can leave?

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #25 on: 12/21/2015 02:01 am »
Yes, it need a battery. Do you mean if the volume has surrounded all the charges, then it will only photons can leave the volume, no tensor can leave?

I assume that English is not your native language based on your location. The second sentence does not make sense grammatically.

To answer based on a guess at what you meant: The volume has to surround all of the relevant charges that you are trying to determine the force on. The surface integral of the Maxwell stress tensor accounts for the momentum transfer by any photons leaving (or entering) the volume.

If that doesn't answer your question, you will have to restate it.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #26 on: 12/21/2015 02:31 am »
Yes, it need a battery. Do you mean if the volume has surrounded all the charges, then it will only photons can leave the volume, no tensor can leave?

I assume that English is not your native language based on your location. The second sentence does not make sense grammatically.

To answer based on a guess at what you meant: The volume has to surround all of the relevant charges that you are trying to determine the force on. The surface integral of the Maxwell stress tensor accounts for the momentum transfer by any photons leaving (or entering) the volume.

If that doesn't answer your question, you will have to restate it.

I know volume integral is equal to surface integral, you don't have to say that again. The problem is how do you define "the relevant charges(all the charges)". A volume can surround some charges, you can say they are "the relevant charges". But there maybe more charges out of the volume, to surround them too, you have to enlarge the volume. But after that, there maybe still more charges out of the volume. So you have to enlarge the volume again and again, until the volume is equal to the whole universe. So only when the volume is the whole universe, then you can make sure all "the relevant charges" is surrounded.

"Do you mean if the volume has surrounded all the charges, then it will only photons can leave the volume, no tensor can leave?" The tensor I mean the momentum flow.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #27 on: 12/21/2015 02:40 am »
In order to avoid the misunderstanding, I updated the pictures. The AC power U has the same frequency with the electromagnetic wave. Now it should be clear.

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #28 on: 12/21/2015 02:50 pm »
Yes, it need a battery. Do you mean if the volume has surrounded all the charges, then it will only photons can leave the volume, no tensor can leave?

I assume that English is not your native language based on your location. The second sentence does not make sense grammatically.

To answer based on a guess at what you meant: The volume has to surround all of the relevant charges that you are trying to determine the force on. The surface integral of the Maxwell stress tensor accounts for the momentum transfer by any photons leaving (or entering) the volume.

If that doesn't answer your question, you will have to restate it.

I know volume integral is equal to surface integral, you don't have to say that again. The problem is how do you define "the relevant charges(all the charges)". A volume can surround some charges, you can say they are "the relevant charges". But there maybe more charges out of the volume, to surround them too, you have to enlarge the volume. But after that, there maybe still more charges out of the volume. So you have to enlarge the volume again and again, until the volume is equal to the whole universe. So only when the volume is the whole universe, then you can make sure all "the relevant charges" is surrounded.

"Do you mean if the volume has surrounded all the charges, then it will only photons can leave the volume, no tensor can leave?" The tensor I mean the momentum flow.

The volume only needs to include all of the charges that you are trying to determine the force on. In this case you just need to make sure the spacecraft is fully enclosed in the volume. Then, you would have an equation that reads: The force on these charges is equal to the time derivative of their momentum is equal to the momentum leaving the volume (surface integral of the Maxwell Stress Tensor) minus the rate if change of momentum stored in the fields within the volume (volume integral of the time derivative of the Poynting vector). No need for infinite volumes to make it work.

You seem to be differentiating photons from the stress tensor. The stress tensor inherently incorporates the photon momentum.

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #29 on: 12/21/2015 03:38 pm »
...As a note, your definition of the Maxwell Stress Tensor in equation 4-2 is the negative of the definition I have seen elsewhere. This is OK, since you have a corresponding negative sign in equation 4-1. I will be using the opposite sign convention as you in my description though...
A small note on the physical significance of the sign convention for the stress tensor.

The usual convention for the sign of Maxwell's stress tensor results (for the tensor components normal to a surface)  in a positive stress tensor (normal component) for tension, and a negative stress tensor (normal component) under compression. 

Lin adopts the opposite convention: a negative stress tensor (normal component) corresponding to tension, and a positive stress tensor (normal component) under compression. As you point out Lin accommodates this different convention by an appropriate sign change in the balancing equation 4-1.
« Last Edit: 12/21/2015 03:38 pm by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #30 on: 12/22/2015 12:00 am »
...As a note, your definition of the Maxwell Stress Tensor in equation 4-2 is the negative of the definition I have seen elsewhere. This is OK, since you have a corresponding negative sign in equation 4-1. I will be using the opposite sign convention as you in my description though...
A small note on the physical significance of the sign convention for the stress tensor.

The usual convention for the sign of Maxwell's stress tensor results (for the tensor components normal to a surface)  in a positive stress tensor (normal component) for tension, and a negative stress tensor (normal component) under compression. 

Lin adopts the opposite convention: a negative stress tensor (normal component) corresponding to tension, and a positive stress tensor (normal component) under compression. As you point out Lin accommodates this different convention by an appropriate sign change in the balancing equation 4-1.

I don't think the sign is important, it is just human definition. In the equation 4-1, -▽∙T and -∂g/∂t have the same status.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #31 on: 12/22/2015 12:15 am »
Yes, it need a battery. Do you mean if the volume has surrounded all the charges, then it will only photons can leave the volume, no tensor can leave?

I assume that English is not your native language based on your location. The second sentence does not make sense grammatically.

To answer based on a guess at what you meant: The volume has to surround all of the relevant charges that you are trying to determine the force on. The surface integral of the Maxwell stress tensor accounts for the momentum transfer by any photons leaving (or entering) the volume.

If that doesn't answer your question, you will have to restate it.

I know volume integral is equal to surface integral, you don't have to say that again. The problem is how do you define "the relevant charges(all the charges)". A volume can surround some charges, you can say they are "the relevant charges". But there maybe more charges out of the volume, to surround them too, you have to enlarge the volume. But after that, there maybe still more charges out of the volume. So you have to enlarge the volume again and again, until the volume is equal to the whole universe. So only when the volume is the whole universe, then you can make sure all "the relevant charges" is surrounded.

"Do you mean if the volume has surrounded all the charges, then it will only photons can leave the volume, no tensor can leave?" The tensor I mean the momentum flow.

The volume only needs to include all of the charges that you are trying to determine the force on. In this case you just need to make sure the spacecraft is fully enclosed in the volume. Then, you would have an equation that reads: The force on these charges is equal to the time derivative of their momentum is equal to the momentum leaving the volume (surface integral of the Maxwell Stress Tensor) minus the rate if change of momentum stored in the fields within the volume (volume integral of the time derivative of the Poynting vector). No need for infinite volumes to make it work.

You seem to be differentiating photons from the stress tensor. The stress tensor inherently incorporates the photon momentum.

In my physics textbook, it says it need infinite volumes to make it work. And in the equation 4-1, -▽∙T and -∂g/∂t have the same status. f can have more -▽∙T but less -∂g/∂t, or have more -∂g/∂t but less -▽∙T, they are both OK. And as you said, the momentum can leave the volume. But the momentum is not photons(Poynting vector). The photons will take a lot of energy out, that's why photon rocket has very low energy efficiency. But the momentum will not take a lot of energy, so if f has more -▽∙T but less -∂g/∂t, then the rocket can have higher energy efficiency.
« Last Edit: 12/22/2015 12:18 am by ZhixianLin »

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #32 on: 12/22/2015 06:06 am »
The volume only needs to include all of the charges that you are trying to determine the force on. In this case you just need to make sure the spacecraft is fully enclosed in the volume. Then, you would have an equation that reads: The force on these charges is equal to the time derivative of their momentum is equal to the momentum leaving the volume (surface integral of the Maxwell Stress Tensor) minus the rate if change of momentum stored in the fields within the volume (volume integral of the time derivative of the Poynting vector). No need for infinite volumes to make it work.

You seem to be differentiating photons from the stress tensor. The stress tensor inherently incorporates the photon momentum.

In my physics textbook, it says it need infinite volumes to make it work. And in the equation 4-1, -▽∙T and -∂g/∂t have the same status. f can have more -▽∙T but less -∂g/∂t, or have more -∂g/∂t but less -▽∙T, they are both OK. And as you said, the momentum can leave the volume. But the momentum is not photons(Poynting vector). The photons will take a lot of energy out, that's why photon rocket has very low energy efficiency. But the momentum will not take a lot of energy, so if f has more -▽∙T but less -∂g/∂t, then the rocket can have higher energy efficiency.

I just described how it works without infinite volumes (using the Griffiths textbook for reference). I think you may be confusing what your textbook says.

You are right that there can be a trade off between how much force comes from which term, but this will not affect the result. For example, if I turn on a laser at time zero, and then apply the volume integral of your equation 4-1 to determine the reaction force being experienced by the laser at a later time, I will have a different contribution of the 2 terms depending on what volume I choose.

Assuming the power output of the laser is P, and I try to determine the reaction force at time t (Note that the force is constant as a function of time and equal to P / c.).

Using a spherical volume centered at the emission point of the laser with radius greater than t * c :
-The contribution from the tensor T will be 0, since none of the fields will have propagated to the surface, so the surface integral of T will be 0.
-The contribution from the rate of change of the Poynting vector integral will be equal to P/c because the energy stored in the fields is increasing at rate P (since Power is the rate of change of energy and Poynting vector is the energy transport vector). The extra divide by c comes from the constant factors that turn it into the time derivative of momentum.

Using a spherical volume centered at the emission point of the laser with radius less than t * c :
-The Poynting vector integral is now time independent (ignoring the periodic variation from the oscillating of the fields, which will cancel with the corresponding periodic variation in the Maxwell Stress Tensor) This means this integral will be zero.
- The surface integral of the Maxwell Stress Tensor will therefore show that momentum is leaving the volume at a rate of P / c.

You can also choose other odd shaped volumes such that part of the beamwidth of the laser leaves the volume, and part of it is still extending into the volume. This would result in a contribution from both terms. Physics doesn't care what volume you use to calculate, the force on the laser is the same.

This shows that the momentum flux through leaving the volume as determined by the stress tensor is the photon momentum. (Note that the tensor also factors in momentum transfer from reaction of a charge inside the volume against a charge outside the volume ("virtual photons" in QED), but this is not a relevant factor for designing a deep space "propellantless" thruster, since by definition, you are now expelling propellant in the form of the charge outside the volume which you are reacting against)

As a side note, I have been careless with my references to the Poynting vector, as there is a constant factor (involving ε0 and μ0) difference between what you use in equation 4-3 and what is generally called the Poynting vector. I tend to ignore these since they are mostly just unit conversions that translate between energy and momentum in the context of this discussion, and I have been just referring to that equation as the Poynting vector.

Also, when I mention things like power being defined as the rate of change of energy, it is partially for the sake of anyone who is reading this thread that doesn't have much physics background. (this thread is approaching 2000 views)

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #33 on: 12/22/2015 07:07 am »
The volume only needs to include all of the charges that you are trying to determine the force on. In this case you just need to make sure the spacecraft is fully enclosed in the volume. Then, you would have an equation that reads: The force on these charges is equal to the time derivative of their momentum is equal to the momentum leaving the volume (surface integral of the Maxwell Stress Tensor) minus the rate if change of momentum stored in the fields within the volume (volume integral of the time derivative of the Poynting vector). No need for infinite volumes to make it work.

You seem to be differentiating photons from the stress tensor. The stress tensor inherently incorporates the photon momentum.

In my physics textbook, it says it need infinite volumes to make it work. And in the equation 4-1, -▽∙T and -∂g/∂t have the same status. f can have more -▽∙T but less -∂g/∂t, or have more -∂g/∂t but less -▽∙T, they are both OK. And as you said, the momentum can leave the volume. But the momentum is not photons(Poynting vector). The photons will take a lot of energy out, that's why photon rocket has very low energy efficiency. But the momentum will not take a lot of energy, so if f has more -▽∙T but less -∂g/∂t, then the rocket can have higher energy efficiency.

I just described how it works without infinite volumes (using the Griffiths textbook for reference). I think you may be confusing what your textbook says.

You are right that there can be a trade off between how much force comes from which term, but this will not affect the result. For example, if I turn on a laser at time zero, and then apply the volume integral of your equation 4-1 to determine the reaction force being experienced by the laser at a later time, I will have a different contribution of the 2 terms depending on what volume I choose.

Assuming the power output of the laser is P, and I try to determine the reaction force at time t (Note that the force is constant as a function of time and equal to P / c.).

Using a spherical volume centered at the emission point of the laser with radius greater than t * c :
-The contribution from the tensor T will be 0, since none of the fields will have propagated to the surface, so the surface integral of T will be 0.
-The contribution from the rate of change of the Poynting vector integral will be equal to P/c because the energy stored in the fields is increasing at rate P (since Power is the rate of change of energy and Poynting vector is the energy transport vector). The extra divide by c comes from the constant factors that turn it into the time derivative of momentum.

Using a spherical volume centered at the emission point of the laser with radius less than t * c :
-The Poynting vector integral is now time independent (ignoring the periodic variation from the oscillating of the fields, which will cancel with the corresponding periodic variation in the Maxwell Stress Tensor) This means this integral will be zero.
- The surface integral of the Maxwell Stress Tensor will therefore show that momentum is leaving the volume at a rate of P / c.

You can also choose other odd shaped volumes such that part of the beamwidth of the laser leaves the volume, and part of it is still extending into the volume. This would result in a contribution from both terms. Physics doesn't care what volume you use to calculate, the force on the laser is the same.

This shows that the momentum flux through leaving the volume as determined by the stress tensor is the photon momentum. (Note that the tensor also factors in momentum transfer from reaction of a charge inside the volume against a charge outside the volume ("virtual photons" in QED), but this is not a relevant factor for designing a deep space "propellantless" thruster, since by definition, you are now expelling propellant in the form of the charge outside the volume which you are reacting against)

As a side note, I have been careless with my references to the Poynting vector, as there is a constant factor (involving ε0 and μ0) difference between what you use in equation 4-3 and what is generally called the Poynting vector. I tend to ignore these since they are mostly just unit conversions that translate between energy and momentum in the context of this discussion, and I have been just referring to that equation as the Poynting vector.

Also, when I mention things like power being defined as the rate of change of energy, it is partially for the sake of anyone who is reading this thread that doesn't have much physics background. (this thread is approaching 2000 views)

You are using a laser which is sending photons. I have said that we should not send photons, we should send tensor. Why don't you use my design to explain directly? And do you mean that the value of -▽∙T depends on the value of -∂g/∂t(without f)?

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #34 on: 12/22/2015 12:54 pm »
I just described how it works without infinite volumes (using the Griffiths textbook for reference). I think you may be confusing what your textbook says.

You are right that there can be a trade off between how much force comes from which term, but this will not affect the result. For example, if I turn on a laser at time zero, and then apply the volume integral of your equation 4-1 to determine the reaction force being experienced by the laser at a later time, I will have a different contribution of the 2 terms depending on what volume I choose.

Assuming the power output of the laser is P, and I try to determine the reaction force at time t (Note that the force is constant as a function of time and equal to P / c.).

Using a spherical volume centered at the emission point of the laser with radius greater than t * c :
-The contribution from the tensor T will be 0, since none of the fields will have propagated to the surface, so the surface integral of T will be 0.
-The contribution from the rate of change of the Poynting vector integral will be equal to P/c because the energy stored in the fields is increasing at rate P (since Power is the rate of change of energy and Poynting vector is the energy transport vector). The extra divide by c comes from the constant factors that turn it into the time derivative of momentum.

Using a spherical volume centered at the emission point of the laser with radius less than t * c :
-The Poynting vector integral is now time independent (ignoring the periodic variation from the oscillating of the fields, which will cancel with the corresponding periodic variation in the Maxwell Stress Tensor) This means this integral will be zero.
- The surface integral of the Maxwell Stress Tensor will therefore show that momentum is leaving the volume at a rate of P / c.

You can also choose other odd shaped volumes such that part of the beamwidth of the laser leaves the volume, and part of it is still extending into the volume. This would result in a contribution from both terms. Physics doesn't care what volume you use to calculate, the force on the laser is the same.

This shows that the momentum flux through leaving the volume as determined by the stress tensor is the photon momentum. (Note that the tensor also factors in momentum transfer from reaction of a charge inside the volume against a charge outside the volume ("virtual photons" in QED), but this is not a relevant factor for designing a deep space "propellantless" thruster, since by definition, you are now expelling propellant in the form of the charge outside the volume which you are reacting against)

As a side note, I have been careless with my references to the Poynting vector, as there is a constant factor (involving ε0 and μ0) difference between what you use in equation 4-3 and what is generally called the Poynting vector. I tend to ignore these since they are mostly just unit conversions that translate between energy and momentum in the context of this discussion, and I have been just referring to that equation as the Poynting vector.

Also, when I mention things like power being defined as the rate of change of energy, it is partially for the sake of anyone who is reading this thread that doesn't have much physics background. (this thread is approaching 2000 views)

You are using a laser which is sending photons. I have said that we should not send photons, we should send tensor. Why don't you use my design to explain directly? And do you mean that the value of -▽∙T depends on the value of -∂g/∂t(without f)?

You missed the point of my post entirely. Read the line I bolded in the quotation. The surface integral of the Maxwell Stress Tensor represents the momentum transport by the photons through the surface. I went through 2 different calculations (I skipped the detailed math, since it isn't worth the time to go through rigorously). These calculations were to determine the force on the laser at the same moment in time, but used different volumes. In one case the force is shown as coming from the Poynting vector term, and the other case it comes from the Maxwell Stress Tensor term. You keep saying to send a tensor , not photons, but "send a tensor" doesn't mean anything on its own, and the Maxwell Stress Tensor can represent photons.

I don't use your design to explain because I am trying to get you to understand what the equation means, and a simple setup is best for explanations. Your design has several subtleties to it (radiation from the single ended capacitor that you are applying oscillating charge to, induced charges on that capacitor from the incident radiation field, etc.)

There are a lot of general results in physics that are easier to show than the exact behavior of a specific system. If you aren't convinced by the general result that you can't get better momentum per energy than a photon thruster without a reaction mass, you can write down a precise definition of your experimental setup, account for the power consumption from the incident EM field and the circuit generating the oscillating charge, and integrate your equation 4-1 for these fields. You will need to include all of the fields generated by the currents in your system, and in the end you will find that you have a photon thruster and nothing better.

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #35 on: 12/22/2015 06:43 pm »
Lin, we need you to further describe what you mean by "sending a tensor".  Maxwell's  stress tensor components are either tension or compression normal to a surface, or shear parallel to a surface.

Hence your statement "sending a tensor" can be literally interpreted as:

1) sending a tensile (pressure) or compressive force distribution normal to a surface

and/or

2) sending a shear parallel to a surface

(and these force distributions are going to be balanced on the opposite surface of the infinitesimal cube defining the tensor)


Do you mean applying an electromagnetic stress tensor component (a force distribution applied to a surface)?

If so, how do you propose to apply an electromagnetic force distribution, through space, (via the electromagnetic vector fields E and B), other than by using photons?
« Last Edit: 12/22/2015 07:59 pm by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #36 on: 12/23/2015 12:32 am »
Lin, we need you to further describe what you mean by "sending a tensor".  Maxwell's  stress tensor components are either tension or compression normal to a surface, or shear parallel to a surface.

Hence your statement "sending a tensor" can be literally interpreted as:

1) sending a tensile (pressure) or compressive force distribution normal to a surface

and/or

2) sending a shear parallel to a surface

(and these force distributions are going to be balanced on the opposite surface of the infinitesimal cube defining the tensor)


Do you mean applying an electromagnetic stress tensor component (a force distribution applied to a surface)?

If so, how do you propose to apply an electromagnetic force distribution, through space, (via the electromagnetic vector fields E and B), other than by using photons?

"sending a tensor" I mean send the momentum flux.
"Do you mean applying an electromagnetic stress tensor component". Yes, that's right.
I have said that in the equation 4-1, -▽∙T and -∂g/∂t have the same status. So if -∂g/∂t(photons) can be sent, then why not -▽∙T(momentum flux)?

In my design, when the electric field of electromagnetic wave generate electric field force on the metal panel, it generate some momentum flux. It is obviously that the momentum flux can not go to the electromagnetic wave source if the source is very far away. So the momentum flux will go into the open space, that is sending momentum flux.

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #37 on: 12/24/2015 02:41 am »
Lin, we need you to further describe what you mean by "sending a tensor".  Maxwell's  stress tensor components are either tension or compression normal to a surface, or shear parallel to a surface.

Hence your statement "sending a tensor" can be literally interpreted as:

1) sending a tensile (pressure) or compressive force distribution normal to a surface

and/or

2) sending a shear parallel to a surface

(and these force distributions are going to be balanced on the opposite surface of the infinitesimal cube defining the tensor)


Do you mean applying an electromagnetic stress tensor component (a force distribution applied to a surface)?

If so, how do you propose to apply an electromagnetic force distribution, through space, (via the electromagnetic vector fields E and B), other than by using photons?

"sending a tensor" I mean send the momentum flux.
"Do you mean applying an electromagnetic stress tensor component". Yes, that's right.
I have said that in the equation 4-1, -▽∙T and -∂g/∂t have the same status. So if -∂g/∂t(photons) can be sent, then why not -▽∙T(momentum flux)?

In my design, when the electric field of electromagnetic wave generate electric field force on the metal panel, it generate some momentum flux. It is obviously that the momentum flux can not go to the electromagnetic wave source if the source is very far away. So the momentum flux will go into the open space, that is sending momentum flux.

Both terms -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are terms of an equation of dynamic equilibrium.  The term ▽∙T arises from static equilibrium (just as static equilibrium in the theory of continuum mechanics of deformable bodies).  The term -∂g/∂t arises from the dynamic aspect of electromagnetism.

g is related to linear momentum carried by the (macroscopic) electromagnetic fields ( E and B) . At the particle level this linear momentum is carried by the virtual {and/or real} photons associated with the macroscopic E and B fields.   

▽∙T physically corresponds to the total {instantaneous} EM field linear momentum per unit time flowing through the surface.

For example, for mechanical forces, one has Newton's 2nd law for a rigid body:

m*∂v/∂t  - F = 0

where F is the applied force.  So, in this case applying a force results in an acceleration, the equation of equilibrium has two terms that balance each other.   Applying a force or an acceleration are equivalent ways to describe the same thing.

Similarly for the electromagnetic equation of dyamic equilibrium,  one can describe the behavior macroscopically by the electromagnetic fields (E and B).  Both of these fields are due, at the particle level, to photons. 

Both terms  -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are going to arise in the dynamic equation of equilibrium as a result of these fields, whether one views them macroscopically or at the particle level (photons). 

« Last Edit: 12/24/2015 03:29 am by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #38 on: 12/24/2015 03:38 am »
Lin, we need you to further describe what you mean by "sending a tensor".  Maxwell's  stress tensor components are either tension or compression normal to a surface, or shear parallel to a surface.

Hence your statement "sending a tensor" can be literally interpreted as:

1) sending a tensile (pressure) or compressive force distribution normal to a surface

and/or

2) sending a shear parallel to a surface

(and these force distributions are going to be balanced on the opposite surface of the infinitesimal cube defining the tensor)


Do you mean applying an electromagnetic stress tensor component (a force distribution applied to a surface)?

If so, how do you propose to apply an electromagnetic force distribution, through space, (via the electromagnetic vector fields E and B), other than by using photons?

"sending a tensor" I mean send the momentum flux.
"Do you mean applying an electromagnetic stress tensor component". Yes, that's right.
I have said that in the equation 4-1, -▽∙T and -∂g/∂t have the same status. So if -∂g/∂t(photons) can be sent, then why not -▽∙T(momentum flux)?

In my design, when the electric field of electromagnetic wave generate electric field force on the metal panel, it generate some momentum flux. It is obviously that the momentum flux can not go to the electromagnetic wave source if the source is very far away. So the momentum flux will go into the open space, that is sending momentum flux.

Both terms -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are terms of an equation of dynamic equilibrium.  The term ▽∙T arises from static equilibrium (just as static equilibrium in the theory of continuum mechanics of deformable bodies).  The term -∂g/∂t arises from the dynamic aspect of electromagnetism.

g is related to linear momentum carried by the (macroscopic) electromagnetic fields ( E and B) . At the particle level this linear momentum is carried by the virtual {and/or real} photons associated with the macroscopic E and B fields.   

▽∙T physically corresponds to the total {instantaneous} EM field linear momentum per unit time flowing through the surface.

For example, for mechanical forces, one has Newton's 2nd law for a rigid body:

m*∂v/∂t  - F = 0

where F is the applied force.  So, in this case applying a force results in an acceleration, the equation of equilibrium has two terms that balance each other.   Applying a force or an acceleration are equivalent ways to describe the same thing.

Similarly for the electromagnetic equation of dyamic equilibrium,  one can describe the behavior macroscopically by the electromagnetic fields (E and B).  Both of these fields are due, at the particle level, to photons. 

Both terms  -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are going to arise in the dynamic equation of equilibrium as a result of these fields.

"Both terms  -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are going to arise", Yes, both terms will arise. In my design, too. But the difference between my design and a photon thruster is that a photon thruster does not send momentum flux out, only send photons out. But my design will send some momentum flux out, it will send some photons out too, but that is side effect.

In my design, the electric field force on the metal panel can be considered as external force, that's why my design does not follow momentum conservation law(Newton's version).

In Newton's 2nd law, m*∂v/∂t = ∂p/∂t, and  p match g, then In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T. So the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation does not follow the Newton's 2nd law if -▽∙T is not zero.

You talk about "the particle level". As we know, in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law. And we know the smaller the volume is, the higher probability that -▽∙T will not be zero, then the higher probability that particles does not follow Newton's 2nd law. This can explain why in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law.
« Last Edit: 12/24/2015 07:21 am by ZhixianLin »

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #39 on: 12/24/2015 01:49 pm »
Lin, we need you to further describe what you mean by "sending a tensor".  Maxwell's  stress tensor components are either tension or compression normal to a surface, or shear parallel to a surface.

Hence your statement "sending a tensor" can be literally interpreted as:

1) sending a tensile (pressure) or compressive force distribution normal to a surface

and/or

2) sending a shear parallel to a surface

(and these force distributions are going to be balanced on the opposite surface of the infinitesimal cube defining the tensor)


Do you mean applying an electromagnetic stress tensor component (a force distribution applied to a surface)?

If so, how do you propose to apply an electromagnetic force distribution, through space, (via the electromagnetic vector fields E and B), other than by using photons?

"sending a tensor" I mean send the momentum flux.
"Do you mean applying an electromagnetic stress tensor component". Yes, that's right.
I have said that in the equation 4-1, -▽∙T and -∂g/∂t have the same status. So if -∂g/∂t(photons) can be sent, then why not -▽∙T(momentum flux)?

In my design, when the electric field of electromagnetic wave generate electric field force on the metal panel, it generate some momentum flux. It is obviously that the momentum flux can not go to the electromagnetic wave source if the source is very far away. So the momentum flux will go into the open space, that is sending momentum flux.

Both terms -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are terms of an equation of dynamic equilibrium.  The term ▽∙T arises from static equilibrium (just as static equilibrium in the theory of continuum mechanics of deformable bodies).  The term -∂g/∂t arises from the dynamic aspect of electromagnetism.

g is related to linear momentum carried by the (macroscopic) electromagnetic fields ( E and B) . At the particle level this linear momentum is carried by the virtual {and/or real} photons associated with the macroscopic E and B fields.   

▽∙T physically corresponds to the total {instantaneous} EM field linear momentum per unit time flowing through the surface.

For example, for mechanical forces, one has Newton's 2nd law for a rigid body:

m*∂v/∂t  - F = 0

where F is the applied force.  So, in this case applying a force results in an acceleration, the equation of equilibrium has two terms that balance each other.   Applying a force or an acceleration are equivalent ways to describe the same thing.

Similarly for the electromagnetic equation of dyamic equilibrium,  one can describe the behavior macroscopically by the electromagnetic fields (E and B).  Both of these fields are due, at the particle level, to photons. 

Both terms  -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are going to arise in the dynamic equation of equilibrium as a result of these fields.

"Both terms  -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are going to arise", Yes, both terms will arise. In my design, too. But the difference between my design and a photon thruster is that a photon thruster does not send momentum flux out, only send photons out. But my design will send some momentum flux out, it will send some photons out too, but that is side effect.

In my design, the electric field force on the metal panel can be considered as external force, that's why my design does not follow momentum conservation law(Newton's version).

In Newton's 2nd law, m*∂v/∂t = ∂p/∂t, and  p match g, then In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T. So the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation does not follow the Newton's 2nd law if -▽∙T is not zero.

You talk about "the particle level". As we know, in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law. And we know the smaller the volume is, the higher probability that -▽∙T will not be zero, then the higher probability that particles does not follow Newton's 2nd law. This can explain why in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law.
When you state << In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T.>> that's only true for the special case of a rigid body (*) in static equilibrium in the absence of body forces, and only true, because in that case ▽∙T = 0.  So, the ▽∙T term is still there, it is only that its value is zero for that special case.

Newton's law, in general, for deformable bodies is:

▽∙T + rho * b - rho * ∂v/∂t = 0

where T is the Cauchy stress (defined with respect to the deformed configuration as per usual sign convention), rho is the mass density and b is the body force.  So, there is no big difference between the equation of dynamic equilibrium in Continuum Mechanics for deformable bodies, and the one for Electromagnetism, for the general case.  Both must contain the term ▽∙T  in order to enforce equilbrium for a deformable body.  People working in solid mechanics, mechanical and aerospace engineers, use such an equation containing ▽∙T to solve practical problems dealing with stresses in structures.

In the above expression, ∂v/∂t should be interpreted as a convected time derivative.  (for small strains, and small displacements as in metal deformations under usual forces for example, it is approximately the time rate).  For highly deformable bodies, for example, for large strains of solid bodies or for general deformation of fluids, the convected time rate of the vector v, becomes  "the material derivative" ∂vi/∂t + vk ∂vi/∂yk  where ∂v/∂t is taken at a constant spatial coordinate y, and I introduce index notation for clarity:

▽∙T + rho * bi - rho * ∂vi/∂t - rho * vk ∂vi/∂yk = 0



_______

Concerning

<<You talk about "the particle level". As we know, in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law. And we know the smaller the volume is, the higher probability that -▽∙T will not be zero, then the higher probability that particles does not follow Newton's 2nd law. This can explain why in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law>>. 

It is known, that quantum mechanics, for a huge ensemble of particles (in this case a huge ensemble of {real or virtual} photons) gives the same results at the macro level as classical electromagnetism.  In your invention, it looks like the number of particles is so large that there is no need to invoke quantum mechanics (and you are not invoking quantum coherence and decoherence), as the behavior should be fully explainable at the macro level.

_____________
(*) rigid body = an idealization of a material as having an infinite modulus of elasticity, such that it does not deform under application of a finite stress.  Bodies having a finite modulus of elasticity will deform under a stress gradient ▽∙T, and hence the term ▽∙T  must be included in Newton's law when considering a real material that has a finite modulus of elasticity, in order to satisfy equilibrium.
« Last Edit: 12/24/2015 04:26 pm by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #40 on: 12/25/2015 12:20 am »
Lin, we need you to further describe what you mean by "sending a tensor".  Maxwell's  stress tensor components are either tension or compression normal to a surface, or shear parallel to a surface.

Hence your statement "sending a tensor" can be literally interpreted as:

1) sending a tensile (pressure) or compressive force distribution normal to a surface

and/or

2) sending a shear parallel to a surface

(and these force distributions are going to be balanced on the opposite surface of the infinitesimal cube defining the tensor)


Do you mean applying an electromagnetic stress tensor component (a force distribution applied to a surface)?

If so, how do you propose to apply an electromagnetic force distribution, through space, (via the electromagnetic vector fields E and B), other than by using photons?

"sending a tensor" I mean send the momentum flux.
"Do you mean applying an electromagnetic stress tensor component". Yes, that's right.
I have said that in the equation 4-1, -▽∙T and -∂g/∂t have the same status. So if -∂g/∂t(photons) can be sent, then why not -▽∙T(momentum flux)?

In my design, when the electric field of electromagnetic wave generate electric field force on the metal panel, it generate some momentum flux. It is obviously that the momentum flux can not go to the electromagnetic wave source if the source is very far away. So the momentum flux will go into the open space, that is sending momentum flux.

Both terms -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are terms of an equation of dynamic equilibrium.  The term ▽∙T arises from static equilibrium (just as static equilibrium in the theory of continuum mechanics of deformable bodies).  The term -∂g/∂t arises from the dynamic aspect of electromagnetism.

g is related to linear momentum carried by the (macroscopic) electromagnetic fields ( E and B) . At the particle level this linear momentum is carried by the virtual {and/or real} photons associated with the macroscopic E and B fields.   

▽∙T physically corresponds to the total {instantaneous} EM field linear momentum per unit time flowing through the surface.

For example, for mechanical forces, one has Newton's 2nd law for a rigid body:

m*∂v/∂t  - F = 0

where F is the applied force.  So, in this case applying a force results in an acceleration, the equation of equilibrium has two terms that balance each other.   Applying a force or an acceleration are equivalent ways to describe the same thing.

Similarly for the electromagnetic equation of dyamic equilibrium,  one can describe the behavior macroscopically by the electromagnetic fields (E and B).  Both of these fields are due, at the particle level, to photons. 

Both terms  -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are going to arise in the dynamic equation of equilibrium as a result of these fields.

"Both terms  -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are going to arise", Yes, both terms will arise. In my design, too. But the difference between my design and a photon thruster is that a photon thruster does not send momentum flux out, only send photons out. But my design will send some momentum flux out, it will send some photons out too, but that is side effect.

In my design, the electric field force on the metal panel can be considered as external force, that's why my design does not follow momentum conservation law(Newton's version).

In Newton's 2nd law, m*∂v/∂t = ∂p/∂t, and  p match g, then In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T. So the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation does not follow the Newton's 2nd law if -▽∙T is not zero.

You talk about "the particle level". As we know, in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law. And we know the smaller the volume is, the higher probability that -▽∙T will not be zero, then the higher probability that particles does not follow Newton's 2nd law. This can explain why in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law.
When you state << In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T.>> that's only true for the special case of a rigid body (*) in static equilibrium in the absence of body forces, and only true, because in that case ▽∙T = 0.  So, the ▽∙T term is still there, it is only that its value is zero for that special case.

Newton's law, in general, for deformable bodies is:

▽∙T + rho * b - rho * ∂v/∂t = 0

where T is the Cauchy stress (defined with respect to the deformed configuration as per usual sign convention), rho is the mass density and b is the body force.  So, there is no big difference between the equation of dynamic equilibrium in Continuum Mechanics for deformable bodies, and the one for Electromagnetism, for the general case.  Both must contain the term ▽∙T  in order to enforce equilbrium for a deformable body.  People working in solid mechanics, mechanical and aerospace engineers, use such an equation containing ▽∙T to solve practical problems dealing with stresses in structures.

In the above expression, ∂v/∂t should be interpreted as a convected time derivative.  (for small strains, and small displacements as in metal deformations under usual forces for example, it is approximately the time rate).  For highly deformable bodies, for example, for large strains of solid bodies or for general deformation of fluids, the convected time rate of the vector v, becomes  "the material derivative" ∂vi/∂t + vk ∂vi/∂yk  where ∂v/∂t is taken at a constant spatial coordinate y, and I introduce index notation for clarity:

▽∙T + rho * bi - rho * ∂vi/∂t - rho * vk ∂vi/∂yk = 0



_______

Concerning

<<You talk about "the particle level". As we know, in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law. And we know the smaller the volume is, the higher probability that -▽∙T will not be zero, then the higher probability that particles does not follow Newton's 2nd law. This can explain why in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law>>. 

It is known, that quantum mechanics, for a huge ensemble of particles (in this case a huge ensemble of {real or virtual} photons) gives the same results at the macro level as classical electromagnetism.  In your invention, it looks like the number of particles is so large that there is no need to invoke quantum mechanics (and you are not invoking quantum coherence and decoherence), as the behavior should be fully explainable at the macro level.

_____________
(*) rigid body = an idealization of a material as having an infinite modulus of elasticity, such that it does not deform under application of a finite stress.  Bodies having a finite modulus of elasticity will deform under a stress gradient ▽∙T, and hence the term ▽∙T  must be included in Newton's law when considering a real material that has a finite modulus of elasticity, in order to satisfy equilibrium.

Merry Christmas, Rodal!

You are talking about the Continuum Mechanics, then it proved that vacuum is also continuum. It means vacuum is just like the water can also be pushed. We can push vacuum in vacuum with electromagnetic fields.

Electric field force has much higher efficiency than radiation pressure in using energy, so my design is not a photon thruster.

Just imagine, if we do not use the metal panel but just put a still charged object on the electromagnetic wave propagation path. And we know in half a cycle the electric field force direction of electromagnetic wave will not change, so we can calculate the average electric field force on the object in half a cycle. Because the initial state of the object is still, so the energy of the object will all come from the electromagnetic wave. After you calculated the average electric field force, then you can compare it with radiation pressure. And you will see that electric field force has much higher efficiency than radiation pressure in using the energy electromagnetic wave.
« Last Edit: 12/25/2015 12:25 am by ZhixianLin »

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #41 on: 12/25/2015 01:36 am »
"Both terms  -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are going to arise", Yes, both terms will arise. In my design, too. But the difference between my design and a photon thruster is that a photon thruster does not send momentum flux out, only send photons out. But my design will send some momentum flux out, it will send some photons out too, but that is side effect.

In my design, the electric field force on the metal panel can be considered as external force, that's why my design does not follow momentum conservation law(Newton's version).

In Newton's 2nd law, m*∂v/∂t = ∂p/∂t, and  p match g, then In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T. So the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation does not follow the Newton's 2nd law if -▽∙T is not zero.

You talk about "the particle level". As we know, in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law. And we know the smaller the volume is, the higher probability that -▽∙T will not be zero, then the higher probability that particles does not follow Newton's 2nd law. This can explain why in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law.
When you state << In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T.>> that's only true for the special case of a rigid body (*) in static equilibrium in the absence of body forces, and only true, because in that case ▽∙T = 0.  So, the ▽∙T term is still there, it is only that its value is zero for that special case.

Newton's law, in general, for deformable bodies is:

▽∙T + rho * b - rho * ∂v/∂t = 0

where T is the Cauchy stress (defined with respect to the deformed configuration as per usual sign convention), rho is the mass density and b is the body force.  So, there is no big difference between the equation of dynamic equilibrium in Continuum Mechanics for deformable bodies, and the one for Electromagnetism, for the general case.  Both must contain the term ▽∙T  in order to enforce equilbrium for a deformable body.  People working in solid mechanics, mechanical and aerospace engineers, use such an equation containing ▽∙T to solve practical problems dealing with stresses in structures.

In the above expression, ∂v/∂t should be interpreted as a convected time derivative.  (for small strains, and small displacements as in metal deformations under usual forces for example, it is approximately the time rate).  For highly deformable bodies, for example, for large strains of solid bodies or for general deformation of fluids, the convected time rate of the vector v, becomes  "the material derivative" ∂vi/∂t + vk ∂vi/∂yk  where ∂v/∂t is taken at a constant spatial coordinate y, and I introduce index notation for clarity:

▽∙T + rho * bi - rho * ∂vi/∂t - rho * vk ∂vi/∂yk = 0



_______

Concerning

<<You talk about "the particle level". As we know, in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law. And we know the smaller the volume is, the higher probability that -▽∙T will not be zero, then the higher probability that particles does not follow Newton's 2nd law. This can explain why in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law>>. 

It is known, that quantum mechanics, for a huge ensemble of particles (in this case a huge ensemble of {real or virtual} photons) gives the same results at the macro level as classical electromagnetism.  In your invention, it looks like the number of particles is so large that there is no need to invoke quantum mechanics (and you are not invoking quantum coherence and decoherence), as the behavior should be fully explainable at the macro level.

_____________
(*) rigid body = an idealization of a material as having an infinite modulus of elasticity, such that it does not deform under application of a finite stress.  Bodies having a finite modulus of elasticity will deform under a stress gradient ▽∙T, and hence the term ▽∙T  must be included in Newton's law when considering a real material that has a finite modulus of elasticity, in order to satisfy equilibrium.

Merry Christmas, Rodal!

You are talking about the Continuum Mechanics, then it proved that vacuum is also continuum. It means vacuum is just like the water can also be pushed. We can push vacuum in vacuum with electromagnetic fields.

Electric field force has much higher efficiency than radiation pressure in using energy, so my design is not a photon thruster.

Just imagine, if we do not use the metal panel but just put a still charged object on the electromagnetic wave propagation path. And we know in half a cycle the electric field force direction of electromagnetic wave will not change, so we can calculate the average electric field force on the object in half a cycle. Because the initial state of the object is still, so the energy of the object will all come from the electromagnetic wave. After you calculated the average electric field force, then you can compare it with radiation pressure. And you will see that electric field force has much higher efficiency than radiation pressure in using the energy electromagnetic wave.

Merry Christmas, Lin !

Yes, you are correct that the Quantum Vacuum can be thought of as a fluid, and actually there are papers from Universities studying the Quantum Vacuum as a fluid, starting with the great Nobel Prize winner Dirac, who called it a "sea".  (*)

Your proposed drive sounds too good to be true, and I don't believe in Santa Claus
 
(although Santa is supposed to come through my chimney in a few hours   :) )

Therefore there must be something wrong with your concept, because any drive better than a photon rocket, would be too good to be believed.

I would start by looking for "hidden momentum" to find something wrong.    There must be a field calculation not being included in your analysis that brings us back to our unexciting reality  :)

Yes, I would start by looking for "hidden momentum" not being included in your equations that balances the propulsion.

__________

(*) However, most physicists think that one cannot use the Quantum Vacuum (QV) to do anything useful because the QV is inmutable and not degradable, and because it is supposed to be the lowest state of energy, so it cannot be disturbed and you cannot extract energy from it.
« Last Edit: 12/25/2015 01:46 am by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #42 on: 12/25/2015 02:01 am »
"Both terms  -∂g/∂t and-▽∙T are going to arise", Yes, both terms will arise. In my design, too. But the difference between my design and a photon thruster is that a photon thruster does not send momentum flux out, only send photons out. But my design will send some momentum flux out, it will send some photons out too, but that is side effect.

In my design, the electric field force on the metal panel can be considered as external force, that's why my design does not follow momentum conservation law(Newton's version).

In Newton's 2nd law, m*∂v/∂t = ∂p/∂t, and  p match g, then In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T. So the Electromagnetic Momentum Conservation Equation does not follow the Newton's 2nd law if -▽∙T is not zero.

You talk about "the particle level". As we know, in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law. And we know the smaller the volume is, the higher probability that -▽∙T will not be zero, then the higher probability that particles does not follow Newton's 2nd law. This can explain why in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law.
When you state << In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T.>> that's only true for the special case of a rigid body (*) in static equilibrium in the absence of body forces, and only true, because in that case ▽∙T = 0.  So, the ▽∙T term is still there, it is only that its value is zero for that special case.

Newton's law, in general, for deformable bodies is:

▽∙T + rho * b - rho * ∂v/∂t = 0

where T is the Cauchy stress (defined with respect to the deformed configuration as per usual sign convention), rho is the mass density and b is the body force.  So, there is no big difference between the equation of dynamic equilibrium in Continuum Mechanics for deformable bodies, and the one for Electromagnetism, for the general case.  Both must contain the term ▽∙T  in order to enforce equilbrium for a deformable body.  People working in solid mechanics, mechanical and aerospace engineers, use such an equation containing ▽∙T to solve practical problems dealing with stresses in structures.

In the above expression, ∂v/∂t should be interpreted as a convected time derivative.  (for small strains, and small displacements as in metal deformations under usual forces for example, it is approximately the time rate).  For highly deformable bodies, for example, for large strains of solid bodies or for general deformation of fluids, the convected time rate of the vector v, becomes  "the material derivative" ∂vi/∂t + vk ∂vi/∂yk  where ∂v/∂t is taken at a constant spatial coordinate y, and I introduce index notation for clarity:

▽∙T + rho * bi - rho * ∂vi/∂t - rho * vk ∂vi/∂yk = 0



_______

Concerning

<<You talk about "the particle level". As we know, in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law. And we know the smaller the volume is, the higher probability that -▽∙T will not be zero, then the higher probability that particles does not follow Newton's 2nd law. This can explain why in quantum mechanics, particles usually does not follow Newton's 2nd law>>. 

It is known, that quantum mechanics, for a huge ensemble of particles (in this case a huge ensemble of {real or virtual} photons) gives the same results at the macro level as classical electromagnetism.  In your invention, it looks like the number of particles is so large that there is no need to invoke quantum mechanics (and you are not invoking quantum coherence and decoherence), as the behavior should be fully explainable at the macro level.

_____________
(*) rigid body = an idealization of a material as having an infinite modulus of elasticity, such that it does not deform under application of a finite stress.  Bodies having a finite modulus of elasticity will deform under a stress gradient ▽∙T, and hence the term ▽∙T  must be included in Newton's law when considering a real material that has a finite modulus of elasticity, in order to satisfy equilibrium.

Merry Christmas, Rodal!

You are talking about the Continuum Mechanics, then it proved that vacuum is also continuum. It means vacuum is just like the water can also be pushed. We can push vacuum in vacuum with electromagnetic fields.

Electric field force has much higher efficiency than radiation pressure in using energy, so my design is not a photon thruster.

Just imagine, if we do not use the metal panel but just put a still charged object on the electromagnetic wave propagation path. And we know in half a cycle the electric field force direction of electromagnetic wave will not change, so we can calculate the average electric field force on the object in half a cycle. Because the initial state of the object is still, so the energy of the object will all come from the electromagnetic wave. After you calculated the average electric field force, then you can compare it with radiation pressure. And you will see that electric field force has much higher efficiency than radiation pressure in using the energy electromagnetic wave.

Merry Christmas, Lin !

Yes, you are correct that the Quantum Vacuum can be thought of as a fluid, and actually there are papers from Universities studying the Quantum Vacuum as a fluid, starting with the great Nobel Prize winner Dirac, who called it a "sea".  (*)

Your proposed drive sounds too good to be true, and I don't believe in Santa Claus
 
(although Santa is supposed to come through my chimney in a few hours   :) )

Therefore there must be something wrong with your concept, because any drive better than a photon rocket, would be too good to be believed.

I would start by looking for "hidden momentum" to find something wrong.    There must be a field calculation not being included in your analysis that brings us back to our unexciting reality  :)

Yes, I would start by looking for "hidden momentum" not being included in your equations that balances the propulsion.

__________

(*) However, most physicists think that one cannot use the Quantum Vacuum (QV) to do anything useful because the QV is inmutable and not degradable, and because it is supposed to be the lowest state of energy, so it cannot be disturbed and you cannot extract energy from it.

Yes, it is too good to be true. But I can not find any bugs or errors of my design yet. I wish I am not fooling myself.  :)

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #43 on: 12/25/2015 02:42 am »
...Yes, it is too good to be true. But I can not find any bugs or errors of my design yet. I wish I am not fooling myself.  :)
Well, while we think of what could be wrong with the concept, what do you think of modifying the part in your paper discussing Newton's law,  since << In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T.>> that's only true for the special case of a rigid body in static equilibrium in the absence of body forces, and only true, because in that case ▽∙T = 0.  So, the ▽∙T term is still there, it is only that its value is zero for that special case.  For a deformable (solid or fluid) continuum, the term ▽∙T must be included in Newton's law, as discussed above.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #44 on: 12/25/2015 03:24 am »
...Yes, it is too good to be true. But I can not find any bugs or errors of my design yet. I wish I am not fooling myself.  :)
Well, while we think of what could be wrong with the concept, what do you think of modifying the part in your paper discussing Newton's law,  since << In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T.>> that's only true for the special case of a rigid body in static equilibrium in the absence of body forces, and only true, because in that case ▽∙T = 0.  So, the ▽∙T term is still there, it is only that its value is zero for that special case.  For a deformable (solid or fluid) continuum, the term ▽∙T must be included in Newton's law, as discussed above.

Honestly, I am not quite sure about that. But I think change -▽∙T to -∫v▽∙T will be more rigorous.

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #45 on: 12/25/2015 01:44 pm »
...Yes, it is too good to be true. But I can not find any bugs or errors of my design yet. I wish I am not fooling myself.  :)
Well, while we think of what could be wrong with the concept, what do you think of modifying the part in your paper discussing Newton's law,  since << In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T.>> that's only true for the special case of a rigid body in static equilibrium in the absence of body forces, and only true, because in that case ▽∙T = 0.  So, the ▽∙T term is still there, it is only that its value is zero for that special case.  For a deformable (solid or fluid) continuum, the term ▽∙T must be included in Newton's law, as discussed above.

Honestly, I am not quite sure about that. But I think change -▽∙T to -∫v▽∙T will be more rigorous.
There is no point in multiplying the gradient by the velocity vector and integrating.
The way I presented the equation is the correct rigorous way:


▽∙T + rho * bi - rho * ∂vi/∂t - rho * vk ∂vi/∂yk = 0

This equation can be found in multiple rigorous books (most notably the treatises by Truesdell and Toupin and Truesdell and Noll in Handbuch der Physik, and most books in Continuum Mechanics).  For easy Internet reference (in case you don't have access to the Handbuch der Physik, please refer to the Wikipedia article on the Cauchy momentum equation for example:



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_momentum_equation



Also see this article by Brown University:

http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Engineering/Courses/En221/Notes/Conservation_Laws/Conservation_Laws.htm



or this chapter for Cauchy's equation of motion for fluids:

http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~ceng501/Chap5.pdf

Again, Newton's law as you presented it is only valid for non-deformable materials, having an infinite modulus of elasticity, in other words it is a simplistic generalization that no real material in the whole Universe follows, because all materials and fluids are deformable to some extent. 

The correct expression for Newton's law must contain ▽∙T,  the gradient of the stress tensor.

▽∙T,  the gradient of the stress tensor, appears in the equlibrium equations for fluids, for deformable solids and for electromagnetism.  Hence Newton's law (when properly stated for deformable continuum) is equally applicable in fluid and solid mechanics as well as in electromagnetism.
« Last Edit: 12/25/2015 02:18 pm by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #46 on: 12/26/2015 12:06 am »
...Yes, it is too good to be true. But I can not find any bugs or errors of my design yet. I wish I am not fooling myself.  :)
Well, while we think of what could be wrong with the concept, what do you think of modifying the part in your paper discussing Newton's law,  since << In Newton's 2nd law there is not term to match -▽∙T.>> that's only true for the special case of a rigid body in static equilibrium in the absence of body forces, and only true, because in that case ▽∙T = 0.  So, the ▽∙T term is still there, it is only that its value is zero for that special case.  For a deformable (solid or fluid) continuum, the term ▽∙T must be included in Newton's law, as discussed above.

Honestly, I am not quite sure about that. But I think change -▽∙T to -∫v▽∙T will be more rigorous.
There is no point in multiplying the gradient by the velocity vector and integrating.
The way I presented the equation is the correct rigorous way:


▽∙T + rho * bi - rho * ∂vi/∂t - rho * vk ∂vi/∂yk = 0

This equation can be found in multiple rigorous books (most notably the treatises by Truesdell and Toupin and Truesdell and Noll in Handbuch der Physik, and most books in Continuum Mechanics).  For easy Internet reference (in case you don't have access to the Handbuch der Physik, please refer to the Wikipedia article on the Cauchy momentum equation for example:



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_momentum_equation



Also see this article by Brown University:

http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Engineering/Courses/En221/Notes/Conservation_Laws/Conservation_Laws.htm



or this chapter for Cauchy's equation of motion for fluids:

http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~ceng501/Chap5.pdf

Again, Newton's law as you presented it is only valid for non-deformable materials, having an infinite modulus of elasticity, in other words it is a simplistic generalization that no real material in the whole Universe follows, because all materials and fluids are deformable to some extent. 

The correct expression for Newton's law must contain ▽∙T,  the gradient of the stress tensor.

▽∙T,  the gradient of the stress tensor, appears in the equlibrium equations for fluids, for deformable solids and for electromagnetism.  Hence Newton's law (when properly stated for deformable continuum) is equally applicable in fluid and solid mechanics as well as in electromagnetism.

I think the equation 4-1 also works under non-Continuum Mechanics, so the equation 4-4 should also be non-Continuum Mechanics. I am comparing them all under non-Continuum Mechanics. The comparison is  in order to prove that momentum can be not conserved. If I change the equation 4-4 to Continuum Mechanics form, then how can I prove momentum can be not conserved?

And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #47 on: 12/26/2015 04:01 am »
...
I think the equation 4-1 also works under non-Continuum Mechanics, so the equation 4-4 should also be non-Continuum Mechanics. I am comparing them all under non-Continuum Mechanics. The comparison is  in order to prove that momentum can be not conserved. If I change the equation 4-4 to Continuum Mechanics form, then how can I prove momentum can be not conserved?

And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?

Equation 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations, because they are electromagnetic (Maxwell) equations for continuum fields (the E and B fields, and the stress tensor T are defined for a continua).  Therefore, the generalized form of Newton's law for deformable continuum media should be used instead of the simplified version assuming infinitely rigid non-deformable objects.

As to your final question <<And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?>> that is quite a conundrum isn't it?   :)

So at the moment I am leaning that your design is too good to work, that there must be "hidden momentum" to cancel it, and we just have to find it  ;)


Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #48 on: 12/26/2015 05:13 am »
...
I think the equation 4-1 also works under non-Continuum Mechanics, so the equation 4-4 should also be non-Continuum Mechanics. I am comparing them all under non-Continuum Mechanics. The comparison is  in order to prove that momentum can be not conserved. If I change the equation 4-4 to Continuum Mechanics form, then how can I prove momentum can be not conserved?

And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?

Equation 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations, because they are electromagnetic (Maxwell) equations for continuum fields (the E and B fields, and the stress tensor T are defined for a continua).  Therefore, the generalized form of Newton's law for deformable continuum media should be used instead of the simplified version assuming infinitely rigid non-deformable objects.

As to your final question <<And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?>> that is quite a conundrum isn't it?   :)

So at the moment I am leaning that your design is too good to work, that there must be "hidden momentum" to cancel it, and we just have to find it  ;)

In fact, there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism. Because vacuum is every where in our universe, you can't find a place without vacuum. For Newton's Continuum Mechanics, it needs water, air or some other continuum. But in vacuum, there is no continuum for Newton's Continuum Mechanics. So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law.

Just because in vacuum electromagnetism must be Continuum Mechanics, but in vacuum there can not be Newton's Continuum Mechanics, and that's why electromagnetism is different with Newton's law.

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #49 on: 12/26/2015 12:41 pm »
...
I think the equation 4-1 also works under non-Continuum Mechanics, so the equation 4-4 should also be non-Continuum Mechanics. I am comparing them all under non-Continuum Mechanics. The comparison is  in order to prove that momentum can be not conserved. If I change the equation 4-4 to Continuum Mechanics form, then how can I prove momentum can be not conserved?

And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?

Equation 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations, because they are electromagnetic (Maxwell) equations for continuum fields (the E and B fields, and the stress tensor T are defined for a continua).  Therefore, the generalized form of Newton's law for deformable continuum media should be used instead of the simplified version assuming infinitely rigid non-deformable objects.

As to your final question <<And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?>> that is quite a conundrum isn't it?   :)

So at the moment I am leaning that your design is too good to work, that there must be "hidden momentum" to cancel it, and we just have to find it  ;)

In fact, there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism. Because vacuum is every where in our universe, you can't find a place without vacuum. For Newton's Continuum Mechanics, it needs water, air or some other continuum. But in vacuum, there is no continuum for Newton's Continuum Mechanics. So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law.

Just because in vacuum electromagnetism must be Continuum Mechanics, but in vacuum there can not be Newton's Continuum Mechanics, and that's why electromagnetism is different with Newton's law.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
This statement is a double negative.  Double-negatives implies a positive statement: in this case you are stating that since there is not any non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism, that you are admitting the truth: that Maxwell's Electromagnetism is a Continuum theory.

But then, you appear to go back, as you state

<< So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law>>

1) The equations you are using for Electromagnetism 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations
2) Maxwell conceived those equations as being contained in a continuous aether (a medium with finite modulus of elasticity, NOT with infinite modulus of elasticity)
3) Einstein showed that there was no aether.  He eventually replaced the aether with a continuous gravitational field that permeates the whole Universe.  The theory of General Relativity is a CONTINUUM theory as well
4) The Quantum Vacuum is continuous
5) You have to use Cauchy's generalization of Newton's law, that contains the stress gradient, because the Newton's law you are using in your paper is a simplification, that neglects deformation of the continuum.  The Newton's law that you are using assumed INFINITE modulus of elasticity.  There is no medium in the Universe with an infinite modulus of elasticity.  The Newton's law F = ma you are using is a simplification used in elementary classes, that completely neglects the stress gradient.  The stress gradient is not zero in general, because all mediums are deformable.  You must use the stress gradient in your discussion of Newton's law.

When you discuss Newton's law without including the stress gradient you are discussing an unreal medium that has no stress gradient and which is not deformable.  Concerning the Quantum Vacuum see Paul Dirac's paper.
« Last Edit: 12/26/2015 12:52 pm by Rodal »

Offline oliverio

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #50 on: 12/26/2015 05:21 pm »
...
I think the equation 4-1 also works under non-Continuum Mechanics, so the equation 4-4 should also be non-Continuum Mechanics. I am comparing them all under non-Continuum Mechanics. The comparison is  in order to prove that momentum can be not conserved. If I change the equation 4-4 to Continuum Mechanics form, then how can I prove momentum can be not conserved?

And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?

Equation 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations, because they are electromagnetic (Maxwell) equations for continuum fields (the E and B fields, and the stress tensor T are defined for a continua).  Therefore, the generalized form of Newton's law for deformable continuum media should be used instead of the simplified version assuming infinitely rigid non-deformable objects.

As to your final question <<And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?>> that is quite a conundrum isn't it?   :)

So at the moment I am leaning that your design is too good to work, that there must be "hidden momentum" to cancel it, and we just have to find it  ;)

In fact, there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism. Because vacuum is every where in our universe, you can't find a place without vacuum. For Newton's Continuum Mechanics, it needs water, air or some other continuum. But in vacuum, there is no continuum for Newton's Continuum Mechanics. So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law.

Just because in vacuum electromagnetism must be Continuum Mechanics, but in vacuum there can not be Newton's Continuum Mechanics, and that's why electromagnetism is different with Newton's law.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
This statement is a double negative.  Double-negatives implies a positive statement: in this case you are stating that since there is not any non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism, that you are admitting the truth: that Maxwell's Electromagnetism is a Continuum theory.

...

3) Einstein showed that there was no aether.  He eventually replaced the aether with a continuous gravitational field that permeates the whole Universe.  The theory of General Relativity is a CONTINUUM theory as well...

...

If semantics are in play, I'm going to have to disagree with your characterization of the above...

The rejection of a negative, in logical terms, is not the equivalent of the affirmation of a positive.  Every double negative implies a positive (yes, I see that you used this language specifically but bear with me for a moment), but qualitatively is much different. T

Saying that "there are no noncontinuum theories of EM" really, really is not "... a double negative.  Double-negatives implies a positive statement: in this case you are stating that since there is not any non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism, that you are admitting the truth: that Maxwell's Electromagnetism is a Continuum theory."

(Example difference: saying there are no dead tuba players does not mean that any living people play tuba.)

Denying the existence of noncontinuum em theories is importantly different from affirming their existence-- so to treat Lin's post in the reconjugated "all em theories are Continuum theories but some theories of momentum are not, in open vacuums, trested as continuous" would be much closer to the truth. But Lin stated such in his original post so I don't think there is any issue.



As a side note, doctor, if you would like I can dredge up passages where Einstein says that the lack of aether constitutes the weakest part of SR, and believed that lack indicated analytical flaws but accurate description.  For the most part I believe he concluded that sciences would later discover an observable spacetime medium.  That one exists he believed on philosophical premises.

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #51 on: 12/26/2015 06:20 pm »
Lin, a poster has interjected, that engages in semantics (no problem with that, as he/she makes my point of your double negative statement admitting more than one possibility and readily admits <<If semantics are in play>>) but she/he does not  address the mathematics involved in your paper, that make your statement clear (to me at least). 

Please clarify whether you agree that the electromagnetic equations you used (4-1 and 4-2) describe continuous E and B fields, as I stated and interpreted your statement << there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>.   (*)

__________
(*) Obviously they must deal with continuous fields, otherwise the gradient term ▽∙T  in equation 4-1 of your paper would be undefined ! The poster addressing semantics obviously misses this mathematical point  in your paper (as a spatial derivative cannot be defined for a spatially discontinuous field, as known from elementary Calculus).
« Last Edit: 12/26/2015 06:48 pm by Rodal »

Offline oliverio

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #52 on: 12/26/2015 08:13 pm »
I didn't mean to interject, I took it to be a public discussion. Rather my intent was to chime in on a nuance of Lin's statement that may have been missed.  I too interpret him to define the em field as continuous...

As a sidenote, it is perfectly easy to define a rate of change for a discontinuous space (as opposed to a derivative of continuous change). If I interpret Lin correctly he is alleging that for an em force imparting classical momentum in open space, we should continue this in a noncontinuous fashion, thus arising the mismatched force term from the continuous field.
« Last Edit: 12/26/2015 08:15 pm by oliverio »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #53 on: 12/27/2015 12:17 am »
...
I think the equation 4-1 also works under non-Continuum Mechanics, so the equation 4-4 should also be non-Continuum Mechanics. I am comparing them all under non-Continuum Mechanics. The comparison is  in order to prove that momentum can be not conserved. If I change the equation 4-4 to Continuum Mechanics form, then how can I prove momentum can be not conserved?

And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?

Equation 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations, because they are electromagnetic (Maxwell) equations for continuum fields (the E and B fields, and the stress tensor T are defined for a continua).  Therefore, the generalized form of Newton's law for deformable continuum media should be used instead of the simplified version assuming infinitely rigid non-deformable objects.

As to your final question <<And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?>> that is quite a conundrum isn't it?   :)

So at the moment I am leaning that your design is too good to work, that there must be "hidden momentum" to cancel it, and we just have to find it  ;)

In fact, there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism. Because vacuum is every where in our universe, you can't find a place without vacuum. For Newton's Continuum Mechanics, it needs water, air or some other continuum. But in vacuum, there is no continuum for Newton's Continuum Mechanics. So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law.

Just because in vacuum electromagnetism must be Continuum Mechanics, but in vacuum there can not be Newton's Continuum Mechanics, and that's why electromagnetism is different with Newton's law.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
This statement is a double negative.  Double-negatives implies a positive statement: in this case you are stating that since there is not any non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism, that you are admitting the truth: that Maxwell's Electromagnetism is a Continuum theory.

But then, you appear to go back, as you state

<< So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law>>

1) The equations you are using for Electromagnetism 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations
2) Maxwell conceived those equations as being contained in a continuous aether (a medium with finite modulus of elasticity, NOT with infinite modulus of elasticity)
3) Einstein showed that there was no aether.  He eventually replaced the aether with a continuous gravitational field that permeates the whole Universe.  The theory of General Relativity is a CONTINUUM theory as well
4) The Quantum Vacuum is continuous
5) You have to use Cauchy's generalization of Newton's law, that contains the stress gradient, because the Newton's law you are using in your paper is a simplification, that neglects deformation of the continuum.  The Newton's law that you are using assumed INFINITE modulus of elasticity.  There is no medium in the Universe with an infinite modulus of elasticity.  The Newton's law F = ma you are using is a simplification used in elementary classes, that completely neglects the stress gradient.  The stress gradient is not zero in general, because all mediums are deformable.  You must use the stress gradient in your discussion of Newton's law.

When you discuss Newton's law without including the stress gradient you are discussing an unreal medium that has no stress gradient and which is not deformable.  Concerning the Quantum Vacuum see Paul Dirac's paper.

What is the continuum(medium) in vacuum for Newton's law?

Newton's law think vacuum is empty, so Newton's law can not use vacuum as continuum. But electromagnetism think vacuum is not empty, so electromagnetism can use vacuum as continuum.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
I mean electromagnetism is always Continuum Mechanics theory, because vacuum is every where in the universe(even in water or air).

In vacuum, Newton's law has no continuum, but electromagnetism has(the vacuum). That's why in vacuum  Newton's law use  the simplified version equation, but electromagnetism equation use Continuum Mechanics version. It is obviously that my drive is running in vacuum, you can't ignore that.

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #54 on: 12/27/2015 12:35 am »
...
I think the equation 4-1 also works under non-Continuum Mechanics, so the equation 4-4 should also be non-Continuum Mechanics. I am comparing them all under non-Continuum Mechanics. The comparison is  in order to prove that momentum can be not conserved. If I change the equation 4-4 to Continuum Mechanics form, then how can I prove momentum can be not conserved?

And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?

Equation 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations, because they are electromagnetic (Maxwell) equations for continuum fields (the E and B fields, and the stress tensor T are defined for a continua).  Therefore, the generalized form of Newton's law for deformable continuum media should be used instead of the simplified version assuming infinitely rigid non-deformable objects.

As to your final question <<And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?>> that is quite a conundrum isn't it?   :)

So at the moment I am leaning that your design is too good to work, that there must be "hidden momentum" to cancel it, and we just have to find it  ;)

In fact, there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism. Because vacuum is every where in our universe, you can't find a place without vacuum. For Newton's Continuum Mechanics, it needs water, air or some other continuum. But in vacuum, there is no continuum for Newton's Continuum Mechanics. So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law.

Just because in vacuum electromagnetism must be Continuum Mechanics, but in vacuum there can not be Newton's Continuum Mechanics, and that's why electromagnetism is different with Newton's law.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
This statement is a double negative.  Double-negatives implies a positive statement: in this case you are stating that since there is not any non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism, that you are admitting the truth: that Maxwell's Electromagnetism is a Continuum theory.

But then, you appear to go back, as you state

<< So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law>>

1) The equations you are using for Electromagnetism 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations
2) Maxwell conceived those equations as being contained in a continuous aether (a medium with finite modulus of elasticity, NOT with infinite modulus of elasticity)
3) Einstein showed that there was no aether.  He eventually replaced the aether with a continuous gravitational field that permeates the whole Universe.  The theory of General Relativity is a CONTINUUM theory as well
4) The Quantum Vacuum is continuous
5) You have to use Cauchy's generalization of Newton's law, that contains the stress gradient, because the Newton's law you are using in your paper is a simplification, that neglects deformation of the continuum.  The Newton's law that you are using assumed INFINITE modulus of elasticity.  There is no medium in the Universe with an infinite modulus of elasticity.  The Newton's law F = ma you are using is a simplification used in elementary classes, that completely neglects the stress gradient.  The stress gradient is not zero in general, because all mediums are deformable.  You must use the stress gradient in your discussion of Newton's law.

When you discuss Newton's law without including the stress gradient you are discussing an unreal medium that has no stress gradient and which is not deformable.  Concerning the Quantum Vacuum see Paul Dirac's paper.

What is the continuum(medium) in vacuum for Newton's law?

Newton's law think vacuum is empty, so Newton's law can not use vacuum as continuum. But electromagnetism think vacuum is not empty, so electromagnetism can use vacuum as continuum.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
I mean electromagnetism is always Continuum Mechanics theory, because vacuum is every where in the universe(even in water or air).

In vacuum, Newton's law has no continuum, but electromagnetism has(the vacuum). That's why in vacuum  Newton's law use  the simplified version equation, but electromagnetism equation use Continuum Mechanics version. It is obviously that my drive is running in vacuum, you can't ignore that.

It is the Dirac sea, as I have stated in previous comments, or the Supefluid vacuum theory in today's terms.

http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06763

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluid_vacuum_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_sea

http://phys.org/news/2011-08-dark-illusion-quantum-vacuum.html

http://resonance.is/news/quantum-weirdness-replaced-by-classical-fluid-dynamics/

« Last Edit: 12/27/2015 12:53 am by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #55 on: 12/27/2015 12:48 am »
...
I think the equation 4-1 also works under non-Continuum Mechanics, so the equation 4-4 should also be non-Continuum Mechanics. I am comparing them all under non-Continuum Mechanics. The comparison is  in order to prove that momentum can be not conserved. If I change the equation 4-4 to Continuum Mechanics form, then how can I prove momentum can be not conserved?

And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?

Equation 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations, because they are electromagnetic (Maxwell) equations for continuum fields (the E and B fields, and the stress tensor T are defined for a continua).  Therefore, the generalized form of Newton's law for deformable continuum media should be used instead of the simplified version assuming infinitely rigid non-deformable objects.

As to your final question <<And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?>> that is quite a conundrum isn't it?   :)

So at the moment I am leaning that your design is too good to work, that there must be "hidden momentum" to cancel it, and we just have to find it  ;)

In fact, there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism. Because vacuum is every where in our universe, you can't find a place without vacuum. For Newton's Continuum Mechanics, it needs water, air or some other continuum. But in vacuum, there is no continuum for Newton's Continuum Mechanics. So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law.

Just because in vacuum electromagnetism must be Continuum Mechanics, but in vacuum there can not be Newton's Continuum Mechanics, and that's why electromagnetism is different with Newton's law.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
This statement is a double negative.  Double-negatives implies a positive statement: in this case you are stating that since there is not any non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism, that you are admitting the truth: that Maxwell's Electromagnetism is a Continuum theory.

But then, you appear to go back, as you state

<< So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law>>

1) The equations you are using for Electromagnetism 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations
2) Maxwell conceived those equations as being contained in a continuous aether (a medium with finite modulus of elasticity, NOT with infinite modulus of elasticity)
3) Einstein showed that there was no aether.  He eventually replaced the aether with a continuous gravitational field that permeates the whole Universe.  The theory of General Relativity is a CONTINUUM theory as well
4) The Quantum Vacuum is continuous
5) You have to use Cauchy's generalization of Newton's law, that contains the stress gradient, because the Newton's law you are using in your paper is a simplification, that neglects deformation of the continuum.  The Newton's law that you are using assumed INFINITE modulus of elasticity.  There is no medium in the Universe with an infinite modulus of elasticity.  The Newton's law F = ma you are using is a simplification used in elementary classes, that completely neglects the stress gradient.  The stress gradient is not zero in general, because all mediums are deformable.  You must use the stress gradient in your discussion of Newton's law.

When you discuss Newton's law without including the stress gradient you are discussing an unreal medium that has no stress gradient and which is not deformable.  Concerning the Quantum Vacuum see Paul Dirac's paper.

What is the continuum(medium) in vacuum for Newton's law?

Newton's law think vacuum is empty, so Newton's law can not use vacuum as continuum. But electromagnetism think vacuum is not empty, so electromagnetism can use vacuum as continuum.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
I mean electromagnetism is always Continuum Mechanics theory, because vacuum is every where in the universe(even in water or air).

In vacuum, Newton's law has no continuum, but electromagnetism has(the vacuum). That's why in vacuum  Newton's law use  the simplified version equation, but electromagnetism equation use Continuum Mechanics version. It is obviously that my drive is running in vacuum, you can't ignore that.

http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06763

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluid_vacuum_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_sea

http://phys.org/news/2011-08-dark-illusion-quantum-vacuum.html

http://resonance.is/news/quantum-weirdness-replaced-by-classical-fluid-dynamics/

Sorry, Rodal. I tired of explanation. Is the Superfluid Vacuum a Newton's theory? When did Newton say that vacuum is superfluid?
« Last Edit: 12/27/2015 12:53 am by ZhixianLin »

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #56 on: 12/27/2015 12:56 am »
...
I think the equation 4-1 also works under non-Continuum Mechanics, so the equation 4-4 should also be non-Continuum Mechanics. I am comparing them all under non-Continuum Mechanics. The comparison is  in order to prove that momentum can be not conserved. If I change the equation 4-4 to Continuum Mechanics form, then how can I prove momentum can be not conserved?

And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?

Equation 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations, because they are electromagnetic (Maxwell) equations for continuum fields (the E and B fields, and the stress tensor T are defined for a continua).  Therefore, the generalized form of Newton's law for deformable continuum media should be used instead of the simplified version assuming infinitely rigid non-deformable objects.

As to your final question <<And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?>> that is quite a conundrum isn't it?   :)

So at the moment I am leaning that your design is too good to work, that there must be "hidden momentum" to cancel it, and we just have to find it  ;)

In fact, there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism. Because vacuum is every where in our universe, you can't find a place without vacuum. For Newton's Continuum Mechanics, it needs water, air or some other continuum. But in vacuum, there is no continuum for Newton's Continuum Mechanics. So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law.

Just because in vacuum electromagnetism must be Continuum Mechanics, but in vacuum there can not be Newton's Continuum Mechanics, and that's why electromagnetism is different with Newton's law.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
This statement is a double negative.  Double-negatives implies a positive statement: in this case you are stating that since there is not any non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism, that you are admitting the truth: that Maxwell's Electromagnetism is a Continuum theory.

But then, you appear to go back, as you state

<< So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law>>

1) The equations you are using for Electromagnetism 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations
2) Maxwell conceived those equations as being contained in a continuous aether (a medium with finite modulus of elasticity, NOT with infinite modulus of elasticity)
3) Einstein showed that there was no aether.  He eventually replaced the aether with a continuous gravitational field that permeates the whole Universe.  The theory of General Relativity is a CONTINUUM theory as well
4) The Quantum Vacuum is continuous
5) You have to use Cauchy's generalization of Newton's law, that contains the stress gradient, because the Newton's law you are using in your paper is a simplification, that neglects deformation of the continuum.  The Newton's law that you are using assumed INFINITE modulus of elasticity.  There is no medium in the Universe with an infinite modulus of elasticity.  The Newton's law F = ma you are using is a simplification used in elementary classes, that completely neglects the stress gradient.  The stress gradient is not zero in general, because all mediums are deformable.  You must use the stress gradient in your discussion of Newton's law.

When you discuss Newton's law without including the stress gradient you are discussing an unreal medium that has no stress gradient and which is not deformable.  Concerning the Quantum Vacuum see Paul Dirac's paper.

What is the continuum(medium) in vacuum for Newton's law?

Newton's law think vacuum is empty, so Newton's law can not use vacuum as continuum. But electromagnetism think vacuum is not empty, so electromagnetism can use vacuum as continuum.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
I mean electromagnetism is always Continuum Mechanics theory, because vacuum is every where in the universe(even in water or air).

In vacuum, Newton's law has no continuum, but electromagnetism has(the vacuum). That's why in vacuum  Newton's law use  the simplified version equation, but electromagnetism equation use Continuum Mechanics version. It is obviously that my drive is running in vacuum, you can't ignore that.

http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06763

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluid_vacuum_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_sea

http://phys.org/news/2011-08-dark-illusion-quantum-vacuum.html

http://resonance.is/news/quantum-weirdness-replaced-by-classical-fluid-dynamics/

Sorry, Rodal. I tired of explanation. Is the Superfluid Vacuum a Newton's theory? When did Newton say that vacuum is superfluid?
There was no concept of the Supefluid vacuum at the time of Newton.  When bringing up Newton's law it is better to be done consistently, with today's knowledge and not with Newton's knowledge (Cauchy extended to defomable media Newton's concept).  During Maxwell's time (after Newton) the medium for electromagnetism was thought to be the aether, which was conceived as a material medium having a finite modulus of elasticity (it was NOT considered to be infinitely rigid).

The quantum vacuum as a fluid was first discussed by Nobel Prize winner Paul Dirac, as far as I know.

The most up-to-date theory on the vacuum as a fluid is the Superfluid vacuum theory.  Using the Superfluid vacuum theory as a foundation seems better to me than stating <<EWEFFT looks like a violation of Newton's Law, but it does not violate any principle of electromagnetism.>>.

In any case, as stated before it seems to me that your drive performance is too good to be believed  :) , and probably there is hidden momentum (not taken into account in the formulation) that would prevent it.

We have to find the missing "hidden momentum" that would make this (better than a photon rocket) performance impossible. 

If we find the missing "hidden momentum" in your drive discussion, this discussion about the proper way to discuss Newton's law would become unnecessary and pointless.   :)
« Last Edit: 12/27/2015 02:15 am by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #57 on: 12/27/2015 02:59 am »
...
I think the equation 4-1 also works under non-Continuum Mechanics, so the equation 4-4 should also be non-Continuum Mechanics. I am comparing them all under non-Continuum Mechanics. The comparison is  in order to prove that momentum can be not conserved. If I change the equation 4-4 to Continuum Mechanics form, then how can I prove momentum can be not conserved?

And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?

Equation 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations, because they are electromagnetic (Maxwell) equations for continuum fields (the E and B fields, and the stress tensor T are defined for a continua).  Therefore, the generalized form of Newton's law for deformable continuum media should be used instead of the simplified version assuming infinitely rigid non-deformable objects.

As to your final question <<And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?>> that is quite a conundrum isn't it?   :)

So at the moment I am leaning that your design is too good to work, that there must be "hidden momentum" to cancel it, and we just have to find it  ;)

In fact, there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism. Because vacuum is every where in our universe, you can't find a place without vacuum. For Newton's Continuum Mechanics, it needs water, air or some other continuum. But in vacuum, there is no continuum for Newton's Continuum Mechanics. So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law.

Just because in vacuum electromagnetism must be Continuum Mechanics, but in vacuum there can not be Newton's Continuum Mechanics, and that's why electromagnetism is different with Newton's law.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
This statement is a double negative.  Double-negatives implies a positive statement: in this case you are stating that since there is not any non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism, that you are admitting the truth: that Maxwell's Electromagnetism is a Continuum theory.

But then, you appear to go back, as you state

<< So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law>>

1) The equations you are using for Electromagnetism 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations
2) Maxwell conceived those equations as being contained in a continuous aether (a medium with finite modulus of elasticity, NOT with infinite modulus of elasticity)
3) Einstein showed that there was no aether.  He eventually replaced the aether with a continuous gravitational field that permeates the whole Universe.  The theory of General Relativity is a CONTINUUM theory as well
4) The Quantum Vacuum is continuous
5) You have to use Cauchy's generalization of Newton's law, that contains the stress gradient, because the Newton's law you are using in your paper is a simplification, that neglects deformation of the continuum.  The Newton's law that you are using assumed INFINITE modulus of elasticity.  There is no medium in the Universe with an infinite modulus of elasticity.  The Newton's law F = ma you are using is a simplification used in elementary classes, that completely neglects the stress gradient.  The stress gradient is not zero in general, because all mediums are deformable.  You must use the stress gradient in your discussion of Newton's law.

When you discuss Newton's law without including the stress gradient you are discussing an unreal medium that has no stress gradient and which is not deformable.  Concerning the Quantum Vacuum see Paul Dirac's paper.

What is the continuum(medium) in vacuum for Newton's law?

Newton's law think vacuum is empty, so Newton's law can not use vacuum as continuum. But electromagnetism think vacuum is not empty, so electromagnetism can use vacuum as continuum.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
I mean electromagnetism is always Continuum Mechanics theory, because vacuum is every where in the universe(even in water or air).

In vacuum, Newton's law has no continuum, but electromagnetism has(the vacuum). That's why in vacuum  Newton's law use  the simplified version equation, but electromagnetism equation use Continuum Mechanics version. It is obviously that my drive is running in vacuum, you can't ignore that.

http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06763

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluid_vacuum_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_sea

http://phys.org/news/2011-08-dark-illusion-quantum-vacuum.html

http://resonance.is/news/quantum-weirdness-replaced-by-classical-fluid-dynamics/

Sorry, Rodal. I tired of explanation. Is the Superfluid Vacuum a Newton's theory? When did Newton say that vacuum is superfluid?
There was no concept of the Supefluid vacuum at the time of Newton.  When bringing up Newton's law it is better to be done consistently, with today's knowledge and not with Newton's knowledge (Cauchy extended to defomable media Newton's concept).  During Maxwell's time (after Newton) the medium for electromagnetism was thought to be the aether, which was conceived as a material medium having a finite modulus of elasticity (it was NOT considered to be infinitely rigid).

The quantum vacuum as a fluid was first discussed by Nobel Prize winner Paul Dirac, as far as I know.

The most up-to-date theory on the vacuum as a fluid is the Superfluid vacuum theory.  Using the Superfluid vacuum theory as a foundation seems better to me than stating <<EWEFFT looks like a violation of Newton's Law, but it does not violate any principle of electromagnetism.>>.

In any case, as stated before it seems to me that your drive performance is too good to be believed  :) , and probably there is hidden momentum (not taken into account in the formulation) that would prevent it.

We have to find the missing "hidden momentum" that would make this (better than a photon rocket) performance impossible. 

If we find the missing "hidden momentum" in your drive discussion, this discussion about the proper way to discuss Newton's law would become unnecessary and pointless.   :)

Hey, Rodal. Are you working in NASA?
"We have to find the missing", Who is that "We"?

I am comparing electromagnetism with Newton's theory, not comparing electromagnetism with other modern physics theory.

The "hidden momentum" should be in vacuum.

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #58 on: 12/27/2015 03:03 am »
...Hey, Rodal. Are you working in NASA?
"We have to find the missing", Who is that "We"?

I am comparing electromagnetism with Newton's theory, not comparing electromagnetism with other modern physics theory.

The "hidden momentum" should be in vacuum.
By "we", I meant "you and I, and whoever else that reads this thread that is interested in whether your idea is possible".

To me the first step is trying to prove your theory wrong, by finding hidden momentum. 

The immediate next step is to do an experiment and see what mother Nature has to say about it  :)

« Last Edit: 12/27/2015 03:03 am by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #59 on: 12/27/2015 03:20 am »
...Hey, Rodal. Are you working in NASA?
"We have to find the missing", Who is that "We"?

I am comparing electromagnetism with Newton's theory, not comparing electromagnetism with other modern physics theory.

The "hidden momentum" should be in vacuum.
By "we", I meant "you and I, and whoever else that reads this thread that is interested in whether your idea is possible".

To me the first step is trying to prove your theory wrong, by finding hidden momentum. 

The immediate next step is to do an experiment and see what mother Nature has to say about it  :)

I am not finding.  :)
If you are not in NASA, then where can you find resource to do experiment?

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #60 on: 12/27/2015 01:04 pm »
...Hey, Rodal. Are you working in NASA?
"We have to find the missing", Who is that "We"?

I am comparing electromagnetism with Newton's theory, not comparing electromagnetism with other modern physics theory.

The "hidden momentum" should be in vacuum.
By "we", I meant "you and I, and whoever else that reads this thread that is interested in whether your idea is possible".

To me the first step is trying to prove your theory wrong, by finding hidden momentum. 

The immediate next step is to do an experiment and see what mother Nature has to say about it  :)

I am not finding.  :)
If you are not in NASA, then where can you find resource to do experiment?
In the USA there is venture capital to fund innovative ideas, but of course venture capitalists are not going to easily depart with their money, they of course will demand some kind of verification.  You will be competing with many other inventors that want to get the little amount of venture capital money available (space propulsion is much less attractive to venture capitalists than other fields like biotechnology).The first step is to look for missing "hidden momentum" that nullifies the idea.  The next step, or at the same time, is to think of what an experiment would look like: how would you actually go about building such an experiment.  Can you think of how to do such an experiment at home, with a minimum budget?  For example, see the different Do It Yourself experiments in the EM Drive threads (of course you would need to have experience in this area so as to be SAFE, as we don't want you to get electrocuted !)   Or, do you have access to a University laboratory?

The process of thinking about how would you actually build your invention with actual physical parts will be helpful in uncovering problems with the invention and show why it may not be possible for it to be better than a photon rocket.
« Last Edit: 12/27/2015 01:57 pm by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #61 on: 12/28/2015 12:09 am »
...Hey, Rodal. Are you working in NASA?
"We have to find the missing", Who is that "We"?

I am comparing electromagnetism with Newton's theory, not comparing electromagnetism with other modern physics theory.

The "hidden momentum" should be in vacuum.
By "we", I meant "you and I, and whoever else that reads this thread that is interested in whether your idea is possible".

To me the first step is trying to prove your theory wrong, by finding hidden momentum. 

The immediate next step is to do an experiment and see what mother Nature has to say about it  :)

I am not finding.  :)
If you are not in NASA, then where can you find resource to do experiment?
In the USA there is venture capital to fund innovative ideas, but of course venture capitalists are not going to easily depart with their money, they of course will demand some kind of verification.  You will be competing with many other inventors that want to get the little amount of venture capital money available (space propulsion is much less attractive to venture capitalists than other fields like biotechnology).The first step is to look for missing "hidden momentum" that nullifies the idea.  The next step, or at the same time, is to think of what an experiment would look like: how would you actually go about building such an experiment.  Can you think of how to do such an experiment at home, with a minimum budget?  For example, see the different Do It Yourself experiments in the EM Drive threads (of course you would need to have experience in this area so as to be SAFE, as we don't want you to get electrocuted !)   Or, do you have access to a University laboratory?

The process of thinking about how would you actually build your invention with actual physical parts will be helpful in uncovering problems with the invention and show why it may not be possible for it to be better than a photon rocket.

No, I can't access any laboratory and I am nobody. I don't even know how to do a reliable simulation for my design. Can you do a simulation for it?

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #62 on: 12/29/2015 01:12 am »
...
No, I can't access any laboratory and I am nobody. I don't even know how to do a reliable simulation for my design. Can you do a simulation for it?
You are somebody: you proved this by taking the step to report your idea in this great forum (NSF) and get a number of responses.  You just have to follow it up by thinking of how you would go about implementing your idea with actual components: this will:

1) Help you find any reasons why your idea cannot be reduced to practice.  If you find an error or you find you cannot reduce it to practice, then modify your idea or come up with a new one.
2) Enable you to write a patent (if in the process of reducing your idea to practice you create something that is not already known "to those skilled in the aerospace art").
3) Enable you to perhaps conduct your own Do It Yourself experiment (if you can safely do so) or get others to conduct their safe experiments.

« Last Edit: 12/29/2015 01:18 am by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #63 on: 12/29/2015 02:12 am »
...
No, I can't access any laboratory and I am nobody. I don't even know how to do a reliable simulation for my design. Can you do a simulation for it?
You are somebody: you proved this by taking the step to report your idea in this great forum (NSF) and get a number of responses.  You just have to follow it up by thinking of how you would go about implementing your idea with actual components: this will:

1) Help you find any reasons why your idea cannot be reduced to practice.  If you find an error or you find you cannot reduce it to practice, then modify your idea or come up with a new one.
2) Enable you to write a patent (if in the process of reducing your idea to practice you create something that is not already known "to those skilled in the aerospace art").
3) Enable you to perhaps conduct your own Do It Yourself experiment (if you can safely do so) or get others to conduct their safe experiments.



Thanks, Rodal!

I think we don't have to waste time on finding the "hidden momentum", the tensor is the "hidden momentum".  We just need to do a simulation, that is enough. Only a few people will consider such a crazy design, NASA may never come here. I am not sure if I should write a patent, it maybe just waste money on patent. Doing experiment is important, but I think we need a simulation before it.

Offline birchoff

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #64 on: 01/03/2016 06:46 am »
...
I think the equation 4-1 also works under non-Continuum Mechanics, so the equation 4-4 should also be non-Continuum Mechanics. I am comparing them all under non-Continuum Mechanics. The comparison is  in order to prove that momentum can be not conserved. If I change the equation 4-4 to Continuum Mechanics form, then how can I prove momentum can be not conserved?

And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?

Equation 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations, because they are electromagnetic (Maxwell) equations for continuum fields (the E and B fields, and the stress tensor T are defined for a continua).  Therefore, the generalized form of Newton's law for deformable continuum media should be used instead of the simplified version assuming infinitely rigid non-deformable objects.

As to your final question <<And if my design works, then finally we have to acknowledge that momentum can be not conserved. So why don't we just declare that momentum can be not conserved first?>> that is quite a conundrum isn't it?   :)

So at the moment I am leaning that your design is too good to work, that there must be "hidden momentum" to cancel it, and we just have to find it  ;)

In fact, there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism. Because vacuum is every where in our universe, you can't find a place without vacuum. For Newton's Continuum Mechanics, it needs water, air or some other continuum. But in vacuum, there is no continuum for Newton's Continuum Mechanics. So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law.

Just because in vacuum electromagnetism must be Continuum Mechanics, but in vacuum there can not be Newton's Continuum Mechanics, and that's why electromagnetism is different with Newton's law.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
This statement is a double negative.  Double-negatives implies a positive statement: in this case you are stating that since there is not any non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism, that you are admitting the truth: that Maxwell's Electromagnetism is a Continuum theory.

But then, you appear to go back, as you state

<< So how can I use Newton's Continuum Mechanics in vacuum? In vacuum, we should just use Newton's second law>>

1) The equations you are using for Electromagnetism 4-1 and 4-2 are Continuum equations
2) Maxwell conceived those equations as being contained in a continuous aether (a medium with finite modulus of elasticity, NOT with infinite modulus of elasticity)
3) Einstein showed that there was no aether.  He eventually replaced the aether with a continuous gravitational field that permeates the whole Universe.  The theory of General Relativity is a CONTINUUM theory as well
4) The Quantum Vacuum is continuous
5) You have to use Cauchy's generalization of Newton's law, that contains the stress gradient, because the Newton's law you are using in your paper is a simplification, that neglects deformation of the continuum.  The Newton's law that you are using assumed INFINITE modulus of elasticity.  There is no medium in the Universe with an infinite modulus of elasticity.  The Newton's law F = ma you are using is a simplification used in elementary classes, that completely neglects the stress gradient.  The stress gradient is not zero in general, because all mediums are deformable.  You must use the stress gradient in your discussion of Newton's law.

When you discuss Newton's law without including the stress gradient you are discussing an unreal medium that has no stress gradient and which is not deformable.  Concerning the Quantum Vacuum see Paul Dirac's paper.

What is the continuum(medium) in vacuum for Newton's law?

Newton's law think vacuum is empty, so Newton's law can not use vacuum as continuum. But electromagnetism think vacuum is not empty, so electromagnetism can use vacuum as continuum.

<< there is no non-Continuum Mechanics for electromagnetism>>
I mean electromagnetism is always Continuum Mechanics theory, because vacuum is every where in the universe(even in water or air).

In vacuum, Newton's law has no continuum, but electromagnetism has(the vacuum). That's why in vacuum  Newton's law use  the simplified version equation, but electromagnetism equation use Continuum Mechanics version. It is obviously that my drive is running in vacuum, you can't ignore that.

http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06763

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluid_vacuum_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_sea

http://phys.org/news/2011-08-dark-illusion-quantum-vacuum.html

http://resonance.is/news/quantum-weirdness-replaced-by-classical-fluid-dynamics/

Sorry, Rodal. I tired of explanation. Is the Superfluid Vacuum a Newton's theory? When did Newton say that vacuum is superfluid?
There was no concept of the Supefluid vacuum at the time of Newton.  When bringing up Newton's law it is better to be done consistently, with today's knowledge and not with Newton's knowledge (Cauchy extended to defomable media Newton's concept).  During Maxwell's time (after Newton) the medium for electromagnetism was thought to be the aether, which was conceived as a material medium having a finite modulus of elasticity (it was NOT considered to be infinitely rigid).

The quantum vacuum as a fluid was first discussed by Nobel Prize winner Paul Dirac, as far as I know.

The most up-to-date theory on the vacuum as a fluid is the Superfluid vacuum theory.  Using the Superfluid vacuum theory as a foundation seems better to me than stating <<EWEFFT looks like a violation of Newton's Law, but it does not violate any principle of electromagnetism.>>.

In any case, as stated before it seems to me that your drive performance is too good to be believed  :) , and probably there is hidden momentum (not taken into account in the formulation) that would prevent it.

We have to find the missing "hidden momentum" that would make this (better than a photon rocket) performance impossible. 

If we find the missing "hidden momentum" in your drive discussion, this discussion about the proper way to discuss Newton's law would become unnecessary and pointless.   :)

Just want to make sure I am following the discussion correctly.

Maxwells equations for Electromagnetism take as an assumption that EM waves/photons must propagate through some continuous "aether" which has a finite modulus of elasticity.

Fast forward to modern times

Are we assuming the aether which is assumed in Maxwells work would be considered to be dirac's quantum vaccum sea? If so given all of the valid observations we have for Maxwell's equations does that mean the quantum vaccum sea must also be continuous with a finite modulous of elasticity?

Offline Rodal

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #65 on: 01/03/2016 02:27 pm »
...

Just want to make sure I am following the discussion correctly.

Maxwells equations for Electromagnetism take as an assumption that EM waves/photons must propagate through some continuous "aether" which has a finite modulus of elasticity.

Fast forward to modern times

Are we assuming the aether which is assumed in Maxwells work would be considered to be dirac's quantum vaccum sea? If so given all of the valid observations we have for Maxwell's equations does that mean the quantum vaccum sea must also be continuous with a finite modulous of elasticity?

(Disclaimer and explanation: Zhixian Lin has not invoked any theory of the superfluid vacuum for his proposed concept.  I advanced the idea of a superfluid vacuum in one of our exchanges.)

Answer to birchoff's question:

There are several theories of a superfluid vacuum.  These theories have a "speed of sound" of the vacuum superfluid equal to (in the simplest theories) or higher than the speed of light.

The speed of sound in the superfluid vacuum can be associated with quasiparticles which are thus phonons: quanta of sound waves.  The superfluid vacuum theories thus have "sound waves" in addition to "gravitational waves".   

One can think of the speed of sound of the vacuum as being associated with a (very large value) bulk modulus of elasticity (and density) of the superfluid vacuum, but these theories usually discuss the speed of sound (*) of the vacuum in terms of vacuum energy considerations and not specifically in terms of a bulk modulus of elasticity of the vacuum superfluid.

If an external observer could measure the propagation of ‘light’ ("vacuum sound", or other massless low-energy quasiparticles), she would find that the speed of light is coordinate-dependent. Moreover, it is anisotropic: it depends on the direction of propagation with respect to the flow of the superfluid vacuum. 

However, an inner observer (inside the superfluid vacuum) always finds that the ‘speed of light’ (the maximum attainable speed for low-energy quasiparticles) is invariant. The inner observer inside the superfluid vacuum cannnot know that this invariance is the result of the flexibility of the clocks of quasiparticles: the slowing down of such a clock (the time dilation). These physical effects experienced by low-energy instruments do not allow the inner observer to measure the ‘ether drift’, i.e. the motion of the superfluid vacuum: the Michelson–Morley-type measurements of the speed of massless quasiparticles in moving ‘ether’ would give a negative result. The low-energy rods and clocks also follow the anisotropy of the vacuum and thus cannot record this anisotropy. As a result, all the inner observers would agree that the speed of light is the fundamental constant.

Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluid_vacuum_theory ) puts it this way:

Quote
An observer who resides inside such vacuum and is capable of creating or measuring the small fluctuations would observe them as relativistic objects - unless their energy and momentum are sufficiently high to make the Lorentz-breaking corrections detectable. If the energies and momenta are below the excitation threshold then the superfluid background behaves like the ideal fluid, therefore, the Michelson–Morley-type experiments would observe no drag force from such aether

and it lists these experiments associated with the superfluid vacuum theories:

ANNIE
Gran Sasso
INO
LHC
SNO
Super-K
Tevatron
NOνA

____________________________________________________
Some superfluid vacuum theories explain Dark Energy and Dark Matter as follows:


Dark energy = Energy density of superfluid vacuum.
Dark matter = Density fluctuations of superfluid vacuum.


Dark energy and dark matter in a superfluid universe
Kerson Huang
Physics Department, MIT, Cambridge, USA

Talk given at Dyson's 90th birthday symposium, 26‐29 AUG 2013, NTU, Singapore

http://www.mit.edu/people/kerson/cosmologystuff/Dyson.pdf

________

(*) for example a speed of sound "c" in the superfluid vacuum may be defined by the following expression

c² = (n/m) ∂²U/∂n²

where

U = vacuum energy density as a function of the quasiparticle density
n = quasiparticle number density
m = bare mass of quasiparticle

one may infer from this an equivalent bulk modulus of elasticity of the superfluid vacuum (which follows readily from the fact that the bulk modulus of elasticity for a hyperelastic material is the second derivative of the strain energy density with respect to the volumetric logarithmic strain):

c² = (1/ρ) ∂²U/∂ε²
     = Ks / ρ

where

U = strain energy density of the superfluid vacuum
ε = volumetric strain (logarithmic measure)
ρ = mass density of the superfluid vacuum
Ks = inferred bulk modulus of elasticity of the supefluid vacuum



Since the density and the speed of sound of the superfluid vacuum are finite, it readily follows that the bulk modulus of elasticity of the superfluid vacuum is finite.  But the physical interpretation is better grasped by the superfluid mathematical description and analysis

Superfluids also have thermal sound waves and hence a so called second sound (a second speed of sound due to entropy/temperature fluctuations instead of pressure/density fluctuations):

« Last Edit: 01/04/2016 08:35 pm by Rodal »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #66 on: 01/29/2016 12:07 am »
The name "Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster" is too long. How about a new name "Vacuum Tensor Drive"?  :)

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #67 on: 01/29/2016 12:10 am »
Still no one has found the technical error. Is it so difficult?

Offline thisdude

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #68 on: 01/29/2016 12:40 pm »
Like a big scale version of putting a negative magnet on a toy car and making a mount for a positive magnet to hang off same car an inch back causing it to move forward but on large scale?

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #69 on: 01/29/2016 01:16 pm »
Like a big scale version of putting a negative magnet on a toy car and making a mount for a positive magnet to hang off same car an inch back causing it to move forward but on large scale?

Obviously it is not two magnets on the same car. The electric field of electromagnetic wave is passive field, it does  not have field source. And because it does  not have field source, then there will be no another charge to take the reaction force. So there is only one charge pushed by the electric field of electromagnetic wave. Change the charge to magnet, it is that there is only one magnet pushed by the magnetic field of electromagnetic wave.

Offline dustinthewind

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #70 on: 01/29/2016 07:50 pm »
...

Just want to make sure I am following the discussion correctly.

Maxwells equations for Electromagnetism take as an assumption that EM waves/photons must propagate through some continuous "aether" which has a finite modulus of elasticity.

Fast forward to modern times

Are we assuming the aether which is assumed in Maxwells work would be considered to be dirac's quantum vaccum sea? If so given all of the valid observations we have for Maxwell's equations does that mean the quantum vaccum sea must also be continuous with a finite modulous of elasticity?
...
Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluid_vacuum_theory ) puts it this way:
...

Thanks for all this information and discussion Rodal and Birchoff.  I am extatic to see this link.  I should have already found this. 
Follow the science? What is science with out the truth.  If there is no truth in it it is not science.  Truth is found by open discussion and rehashing facts not those that moderate it to fit their agenda.  In the end the truth speaks for itself.  Beware the strong delusion and lies mentioned in 2ndThesalonians2:11.  The last stage of Babylon is transhumanism.  Clay mingled with iron (flesh mingled with machine).  MK ultra out of control.  Consider bill gates patent 202060606 (666), that hacks the humans to make their brains crunch C R Y P T O. Are humans hackable animals or are they protected like when Jesus cast out the legion?

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #71 on: 01/30/2016 08:14 pm »
Still no one has found the technical error. Is it so difficult?

Yes, solving the equations for electromagnetism is a difficult task. Your paper does not thoroughly address the forces involved, account for radiation from the flat plate, or adequately address the form and source of the incident radiation field.

If the posts here and in other threads have not convinced you that you cannot generate more thrust than a photon rocket without emitting mass, and you want to pursue your idea further, Dr. Rodal has provided some good suggestions on where to go from here. You will have to make the time investment to follow through on it though, since it is not likely someone here will have the time to do it for you.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #72 on: 01/30/2016 11:42 pm »
Still no one has found the technical error. Is it so difficult?

Yes, solving the equations for electromagnetism is a difficult task. Your paper does not thoroughly address the forces involved, account for radiation from the flat plate, or adequately address the form and source of the incident radiation field.

If the posts here and in other threads have not convinced you that you cannot generate more thrust than a photon rocket without emitting mass, and you want to pursue your idea further, Dr. Rodal has provided some good suggestions on where to go from here. You will have to make the time investment to follow through on it though, since it is not likely someone here will have the time to do it for you.

So it means that the technical error is not so obviously, even you can not point out it easily. Just use the Newton's law of conservation of momentum is easy, but that can not provide any technical details. And I think if the design works, obviously it will change the world completely. So it is definitely worth to do detailed analysis, even it is difficult.

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #73 on: 01/31/2016 09:01 pm »
So it means that the technical error is not so obviously, even you can not point out it easily. Just use the Newton's law of conservation of momentum is easy, but that can not provide any technical details. And I think if the design works, obviously it will change the world completely. So it is definitely worth to do detailed analysis, even it is difficult.

No, it means the error is that your original analysis is incomplete. I easily pointed out areas where it is incomplete.

The general case of Maxwell's equations including special relativity is known to conserve momentum with the only special piece being photons which are massless particles that have momentum proportional to their energy. This is enough to be certain that the design won't work as claimed if you complete the analysis. Unless I feel like practicing solving complicated equations, I have no reason to do the math to complete your analysis for you.

As I already said, you can take steps to complete your analysis if you think that there is any reason to do so, but I (and others who understand that EM theory conserves momentum) have no reason to do so ourselves.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #74 on: 01/31/2016 11:55 pm »
So it means that the technical error is not so obviously, even you can not point out it easily. Just use the Newton's law of conservation of momentum is easy, but that can not provide any technical details. And I think if the design works, obviously it will change the world completely. So it is definitely worth to do detailed analysis, even it is difficult.

No, it means the error is that your original analysis is incomplete. I easily pointed out areas where it is incomplete.

The general case of Maxwell's equations including special relativity is known to conserve momentum with the only special piece being photons which are massless particles that have momentum proportional to their energy. This is enough to be certain that the design won't work as claimed if you complete the analysis. Unless I feel like practicing solving complicated equations, I have no reason to do the math to complete your analysis for you.

As I already said, you can take steps to complete your analysis if you think that there is any reason to do so, but I (and others who understand that EM theory conserves momentum) have no reason to do so ourselves.

So you think EmDrive is also impossible?

I have provided a simple version in a previous post, it is not complicated:
"Just imagine, if we do not use the metal panel but just put a still charged object on the electromagnetic wave propagation path. And we know in half a cycle the electric field force direction of electromagnetic wave will not change, so we can calculate the average electric field force on the object in half a cycle. Because the initial state of the object is still, so the energy of the object will all come from the electromagnetic wave. After you calculated the average electric field force, then you can compare it with radiation pressure. And you will see that electric field force has much higher efficiency than radiation pressure in using the energy electromagnetic wave."

If you wish, you can check the simple version yourself, not for me.

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #75 on: 02/02/2016 01:14 am »
So you think EmDrive is also impossible?

Unless you bring in new physics, the EM drive cannot work. This has been thoroughly covered on the EMdrive thread. (Note that there are some difficulties defining momentum conservation in general relativity, but many would still consider finding a loophole in GR for propellant less thrust new physics).

I have provided a simple version in a previous post, it is not complicated:
"Just imagine, if we do not use the metal panel but just put a still charged object on the electromagnetic wave propagation path. And we know in half a cycle the electric field force direction of electromagnetic wave will not change, so we can calculate the average electric field force on the object in half a cycle. Because the initial state of the object is still, so the energy of the object will all come from the electromagnetic wave. After you calculated the average electric field force, then you can compare it with radiation pressure. And you will see that electric field force has much higher efficiency than radiation pressure in using the energy electromagnetic wave."

If you wish, you can check the simple version yourself, not for me.

That example may be simpler than your design, but it is not simple.

I found 3 good papers covering various aspects of this problem.

This paper calculates the oscillations the occur in the charged particle when a realistic wavepacket passes by. This results in re-radiation due to the accelerations and changes the spectrum of frequencies present. Their main conclusions are correct (changes to radiation frequency and the fact that the magnetic field does have a significant role in the applied force) However there is an issue due to them ignoring some of the (relativistic) forces. Considering the claim that the particle ends up at rest despite some EM energy now travelling in different directions makes it clear that momentum must not have been conserved.

This paper simplifies the analysis by using a non-physical EM wave of infinite extent, but this helps them to calculate the full relativistic equations of motion. The final result matches the oscillations described by the other paper, but including the relativistic effects and radiation damping results in the particle accelerating in the direction of the Poyting vector, balancing the momentum issue I pointed out with the previous paper.

Note that the momentum related to the oscillations (and in particular the momentum not in the same direction as the Poynting vector of the incident wave) would be balanced by the instantaneous asymmetry in the fields produced and radiated by the charge. These fields would balance the momentum at all times if you bothered to calculate the EM momentum. (I do not intend to, working out all of the math would take more time than I feel like spending on this.)

I am just linking this paper for fun, since it shows how quantum mechanics complicates things. I do not believe it uses relativistic quantum mechanics (also called QED - Quantum ElectroDynamics).

Also, looking through these papers reminded me of another specific issue with your setup. The electrons travel slower than light, so the balancing charge to the charge on your plate will have to be nearby. Its distance will be less than one half-wavelength of the wave, so the opposite charge will almost certainly be close enough to be affected by the incident wave.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #76 on: 02/02/2016 02:20 am »
So you think EmDrive is also impossible?

Unless you bring in new physics, the EM drive cannot work. This has been thoroughly covered on the EMdrive thread. (Note that there are some difficulties defining momentum conservation in general relativity, but many would still consider finding a loophole in GR for propellant less thrust new physics).

I have provided a simple version in a previous post, it is not complicated:
"Just imagine, if we do not use the metal panel but just put a still charged object on the electromagnetic wave propagation path. And we know in half a cycle the electric field force direction of electromagnetic wave will not change, so we can calculate the average electric field force on the object in half a cycle. Because the initial state of the object is still, so the energy of the object will all come from the electromagnetic wave. After you calculated the average electric field force, then you can compare it with radiation pressure. And you will see that electric field force has much higher efficiency than radiation pressure in using the energy electromagnetic wave."

If you wish, you can check the simple version yourself, not for me.

That example may be simpler than your design, but it is not simple.

I found 3 good papers covering various aspects of this problem.

This paper calculates the oscillations the occur in the charged particle when a realistic wavepacket passes by. This results in re-radiation due to the accelerations and changes the spectrum of frequencies present. Their main conclusions are correct (changes to radiation frequency and the fact that the magnetic field does have a significant role in the applied force) However there is an issue due to them ignoring some of the (relativistic) forces. Considering the claim that the particle ends up at rest despite some EM energy now travelling in different directions makes it clear that momentum must not have been conserved.

This paper simplifies the analysis by using a non-physical EM wave of infinite extent, but this helps them to calculate the full relativistic equations of motion. The final result matches the oscillations described by the other paper, but including the relativistic effects and radiation damping results in the particle accelerating in the direction of the Poyting vector, balancing the momentum issue I pointed out with the previous paper.

Note that the momentum related to the oscillations (and in particular the momentum not in the same direction as the Poynting vector of the incident wave) would be balanced by the instantaneous asymmetry in the fields produced and radiated by the charge. These fields would balance the momentum at all times if you bothered to calculate the EM momentum. (I do not intend to, working out all of the math would take more time than I feel like spending on this.)

I am just linking this paper for fun, since it shows how quantum mechanics complicates things. I do not believe it uses relativistic quantum mechanics (also called QED - Quantum ElectroDynamics).

Also, looking through these papers reminded me of another specific issue with your setup. The electrons travel slower than light, so the balancing charge to the charge on your plate will have to be nearby. Its distance will be less than one half-wavelength of the wave, so the opposite charge will almost certainly be close enough to be affected by the incident wave.

"That example may be simpler than your design, but it is not simple"

Now I make the simple version simpler. We assume that the charge is very heavy or it is connected with a very heavy object. And because half a cycle time is a very short time, so the charge will almost not move in half a cycle time. So we can consider the charge is always still in half a cycle time, and then we do not need to consider anything like oscillations, and it will be very simple. It is so simple that we don't even have to calculate it, just need the charge has enough amount of charge, the electric field force on the charge will be higher than radiation pressure.

"The electrons travel slower than light, so the balancing charge to the charge on your plate will have to be nearby. Its distance will be less than one half-wavelength of the wave, so the opposite charge will almost certainly be close enough to be affected by the incident wave."

Electromagnetic wave can propagate a very long distance, why you assume that  the electromagnetic wave source must be nearby?

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #77 on: 02/02/2016 05:17 am »
"That example may be simpler than your design, but it is not simple"

Now I make the simple version simpler. We assume that the charge is very heavy or it is connected with a very heavy object. And because half a cycle time is a very short time, so the charge will almost not move in half a cycle time. So we can consider the charge is always still in half a cycle time, and then we do not need to consider anything like oscillations, and it will be very simple. It is so simple that we don't even have to calculate it, just need the charge has enough amount of charge, the electric field force on the charge will be higher than radiation pressure.

The q/m ratio is a proportionality constant in many of the equations, increasing m and then increasing q will just cancel out. Also, the second paper I cited does the full equations to determine the motion so trying to simplify it is pointless.

Quote
It is so simple that we don't even have to calculate it, just need the charge has enough amount of charge, the electric field force on the charge will be higher than radiation pressure.

You seem to have trouble with the following concept: If you make simplifying assumptions, and then get a result that breaks something such as conservation of momentum, it means there was probably a problem with your assumptions.

In this case, you are not accounting for the fact that increasing the charge increases the force and therefore acceleration of the charge. This causes effects such as radiation damping/reaction which complicate everything. Hand waving doesn't work, you have to do the calculations, and the second paper I cited shows the general result, you can plug in different values for q and m if you want, but the basic characteristics and direction of the motion will not change.

Edit: I almost forgot the simpler issue that an electron is a point particle, so a naive radiation pressure calculation would yield 0 force, since Force = Pressure*Area and Area = 0. This is clearly not the actual case, and a charged particle has an effective area in which it disturbs the incident field. Increasing the charge increases this effective area, so there is no paradox with the force increasing. (This is a simple explanation that describes the general effects, more accurate details are in the papers I cited)

"The electrons travel slower than light, so the balancing charge to the charge on your plate will have to be nearby. Its distance will be less than one half-wavelength of the wave, so the opposite charge will almost certainly be close enough to be affected by the incident wave."

Electromagnetic wave can propagate a very long distance, why you assume that  the electromagnetic wave source must be nearby?

I am talking about the charge on the plate in your original design, not the source of the EM wave. If there is charge on the plate, and you are forcing oscillations of the charge between positive and negative, then the balancing charge must be nearby. Specifically, the maximum distance away this charge can be is equivalent to half of a wavelength. Since the amount to which you can focus a beam of photons is limited by its wavelength, the opposite charge will also feel force from the incident EM wave.
« Last Edit: 02/02/2016 05:59 am by meberbs »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #78 on: 02/02/2016 11:55 am »
"That example may be simpler than your design, but it is not simple"

Now I make the simple version simpler. We assume that the charge is very heavy or it is connected with a very heavy object. And because half a cycle time is a very short time, so the charge will almost not move in half a cycle time. So we can consider the charge is always still in half a cycle time, and then we do not need to consider anything like oscillations, and it will be very simple. It is so simple that we don't even have to calculate it, just need the charge has enough amount of charge, the electric field force on the charge will be higher than radiation pressure.

The q/m ratio is a proportionality constant in many of the equations, increasing m and then increasing q will just cancel out. Also, the second paper I cited does the full equations to determine the motion so trying to simplify it is pointless.

Quote
It is so simple that we don't even have to calculate it, just need the charge has enough amount of charge, the electric field force on the charge will be higher than radiation pressure.

You seem to have trouble with the following concept: If you make simplifying assumptions, and then get a result that breaks something such as conservation of momentum, it means there was probably a problem with your assumptions.

In this case, you are not accounting for the fact that increasing the charge increases the force and therefore acceleration of the charge. This causes effects such as radiation damping/reaction which complicate everything. Hand waving doesn't work, you have to do the calculations, and the second paper I cited shows the general result, you can plug in different values for q and m if you want, but the basic characteristics and direction of the motion will not change.

Edit: I almost forgot the simpler issue that an electron is a point particle, so a naive radiation pressure calculation would yield 0 force, since Force = Pressure*Area and Area = 0. This is clearly not the actual case, and a charged particle has an effective area in which it disturbs the incident field. Increasing the charge increases this effective area, so there is no paradox with the force increasing. (This is a simple explanation that describes the general effects, more accurate details are in the papers I cited)

"The electrons travel slower than light, so the balancing charge to the charge on your plate will have to be nearby. Its distance will be less than one half-wavelength of the wave, so the opposite charge will almost certainly be close enough to be affected by the incident wave."

Electromagnetic wave can propagate a very long distance, why you assume that  the electromagnetic wave source must be nearby?

I am talking about the charge on the plate in your original design, not the source of the EM wave. If there is charge on the plate, and you are forcing oscillations of the charge between positive and negative, then the balancing charge must be nearby. Specifically, the maximum distance away this charge can be is equivalent to half of a wavelength. Since the amount to which you can focus a beam of photons is limited by its wavelength, the opposite charge will also feel force from the incident EM wave.

"The q/m ratio is a proportionality constant in many of the equations, increasing m and then increasing q will just cancel out."

In the radiation damping force formula, I can't figure out how the q/m can be cancel out.

Anyway, no one has done a experiment to test it. And Dr. Rodal didn't say that it is not worth to do the experiment. I don't believe God is so cruel that will forbid humans have space travel.  :)

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #79 on: 02/03/2016 12:44 am »
In the radiation damping force formula, I can't figure out how the q/m can be cancel out.

I said many of the equations, not all of them. The radiation damping force in particular ends up being net directed in the direction of the direction of the Poynting vector of the incident wave, so this would not produce a force in the direction of the electric field.

Anyway, no one has done a experiment to test it. And Dr. Rodal didn't say that it is not worth to do the experiment. I don't believe God is so cruel that will forbid humans have space travel.  :)

I am not going to discourage performing the experiment. Dr. Rodal's advice to you on this was excellent, start by documenting exactly how you would build the device (don't worry about the force measurement part yet) and go from there:
...
No, I can't access any laboratory and I am nobody. I don't even know how to do a reliable simulation for my design. Can you do a simulation for it?
You are somebody: you proved this by taking the step to report your idea in this great forum (NSF) and get a number of responses.  You just have to follow it up by thinking of how you would go about implementing your idea with actual components: this will:

1) Help you find any reasons why your idea cannot be reduced to practice.  If you find an error or you find you cannot reduce it to practice, then modify your idea or come up with a new one.
2) Enable you to write a patent (if in the process of reducing your idea to practice you create something that is not already known "to those skilled in the aerospace art").
3) Enable you to perhaps conduct your own Do It Yourself experiment (if you can safely do so) or get others to conduct their safe experiments.


I am very pro-space travel. :D Right now the existing science for chemical and electric propulsion leaves room for practical travel within the solar system. Our best bets I can see for interstellar travel would be through general relativity (although all useful solutions I have heard of require negative energy densities), or new physics we will discover such as the true nature of dark matter and dark energy.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #80 on: 02/03/2016 01:10 am »
In the radiation damping force formula, I can't figure out how the q/m can be cancel out.

I said many of the equations, not all of them. The radiation damping force in particular ends up being net directed in the direction of the direction of the Poynting vector of the incident wave, so this would not produce a force in the direction of the electric field.

Anyway, no one has done a experiment to test it. And Dr. Rodal didn't say that it is not worth to do the experiment. I don't believe God is so cruel that will forbid humans have space travel.  :)

I am not going to discourage performing the experiment. Dr. Rodal's advice to you on this was excellent, start by documenting exactly how you would build the device (don't worry about the force measurement part yet) and go from there:
...
No, I can't access any laboratory and I am nobody. I don't even know how to do a reliable simulation for my design. Can you do a simulation for it?
You are somebody: you proved this by taking the step to report your idea in this great forum (NSF) and get a number of responses.  You just have to follow it up by thinking of how you would go about implementing your idea with actual components: this will:

1) Help you find any reasons why your idea cannot be reduced to practice.  If you find an error or you find you cannot reduce it to practice, then modify your idea or come up with a new one.
2) Enable you to write a patent (if in the process of reducing your idea to practice you create something that is not already known "to those skilled in the aerospace art").
3) Enable you to perhaps conduct your own Do It Yourself experiment (if you can safely do so) or get others to conduct their safe experiments.


I am very pro-space travel. :D Right now the existing science for chemical and electric propulsion leaves room for practical travel within the solar system. Our best bets I can see for interstellar travel would be through general relativity (although all useful solutions I have heard of require negative energy densities), or new physics we will discover such as the true nature of dark matter and dark energy.

"The radiation damping force in particular ends up being net directed in the direction of the direction of the Poynting vector of the incident wave, so this would not produce a force in the direction of the electric field."

The radiation damping force direction is the opposite direction of Poynting vector, right? Radiation damping force is not electric field force, but it doesn't  mean that there is no electric field force. It seems that it is just because there is electric field force, and it push the charge, and then the charge generate the radiation damping force.

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #81 on: 02/03/2016 01:34 am »
The radiation damping force direction is the opposite direction of Poynting vector, right? Radiation damping force is not electric field force, but it doesn't  mean that there is no electric field force. It seems that it is just because there is electric field force, and it push the charge, and then the charge generate the radiation damping force.

Read the second paper I had linked in a previous post. They showed that what normally is considered the radiation damping force, in this case ends up having 2 terms, one that accelerates the particle, and another that provides increasing resistance as the particle approaches the speed of light. (This is expected since relativity requires that the particle velocity not exceed light speed.)

Unfortunately, electrodynamics does not behave very intuitively. It makes some sense that a charge placed in the middle of a plane wave would be accelerated in the direction of the Poynting vector, but it is not obvious at first glance how this happens when considering the electric and magnetic fields acting on the charge.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #82 on: 02/03/2016 02:28 am »
The radiation damping force direction is the opposite direction of Poynting vector, right? Radiation damping force is not electric field force, but it doesn't  mean that there is no electric field force. It seems that it is just because there is electric field force, and it push the charge, and then the charge generate the radiation damping force.

Read the second paper I had linked in a previous post. They showed that what normally is considered the radiation damping force, in this case ends up having 2 terms, one that accelerates the particle, and another that provides increasing resistance as the particle approaches the speed of light. (This is expected since relativity requires that the particle velocity not exceed light speed.)

Unfortunately, electrodynamics does not behave very intuitively. It makes some sense that a charge placed in the middle of a plane wave would be accelerated in the direction of the Poynting vector, but it is not obvious at first glance how this happens when considering the electric and magnetic fields acting on the charge.

Honestly, I have to say I don't agree with your conclusion. No electric field force is absolutely incorrect. No matter how, electric field must have electric field force on charge, where the electric field come from is not important. I will figure out it myself. Thanks for your help!
« Last Edit: 02/03/2016 02:42 am by ZhixianLin »

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #83 on: 02/04/2016 12:06 am »

"The electrons travel slower than light, so the balancing charge to the charge on your plate will have to be nearby. Its distance will be less than one half-wavelength of the wave, so the opposite charge will almost certainly be close enough to be affected by the incident wave."

Electromagnetic wave can propagate a very long distance, why you assume that  the electromagnetic wave source must be nearby?

I am talking about the charge on the plate in your original design, not the source of the EM wave. If there is charge on the plate, and you are forcing oscillations of the charge between positive and negative, then the balancing charge must be nearby. Specifically, the maximum distance away this charge can be is equivalent to half of a wavelength. Since the amount to which you can focus a beam of photons is limited by its wavelength, the opposite charge will also feel force from the incident EM wave.

If you think so, then we can move the EM wave source towards right about half of a wavelength, make the plate just touch the edge of EM wave beam.

Offline ZhixianLin

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #84 on: 09/21/2016 01:17 am »
I just found a paper from AIAA which suggest that propellant less propulsion is possible.

Source: http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2001-3654

The electromagnetic stress-tensor as a possible space drive propulsion concept

ABSTRACT
The Heaviside force, by virtue of its nonzero value in vacuum, would appear to offer the germ of a real space-drive. Classical electrodynamic interactions may be viewed as transmitted continuously through deformations in the state of the electromagnetic field, which acts like a stressed elastic medium. Maxwell stresses not only provide a controllable net momentum flow, but also a physical mechanism acting on the fabric of space-time. In response to this unbalanced force it has been asserted that a spacecraft will move off with equal and opposite momentum. The electromagnetic interaction mechanism under consideration suggests the basis for a novel development in electrical machine technology and a possible space-drive for space transportation. The physical basis of this concept is examined in this paper, and experimental investigations are described. Supporting analyses and historical background are included.

INTRODUCTION
Perhaps the most intriguing challenge facing twenty-first century space-flight is the novel concept of a "Space-Drive". John W. Campbell and Sir Arthur C. Clarke are usually credited with conceiving this visionary hypothesis. Without proposing any physical mechanism (for which one might cultivate some emerging technology to exploit) they articulated what such an astonishing apparatus will do: a space-drive is a propulsion mechanism that acts directly upon the fabric of free-space. (Actually, the notion of a space-drive was discussed in the engineering literature almost a dozen years earlier by Joseph Slepian. See below.) Remarkably, spacecraft employing such space-drive devices would not have to convey any reaction mass to eject as propellant.
« Last Edit: 09/21/2016 01:18 am by ZhixianLin »

Offline JohnFornaro

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #85 on: 09/21/2016 01:49 pm »
From the OP:

"We know that on the electromagnetic wave propagation path, the direction of electric field at a point changes periodically. If there is a charged object at the point [that] also changes its charge property periodically with the same frequency, then the electric field force direction on the object will not change. Therefore, the object will do directional movement."

It appears that your drive oscillates sideways, with no readily apparent favored direction.  Therefore, I don't think it will move.

I threw an eyeball over this article, which seems to confirm some of my observation:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259232654_Inherent_Energy_Loss_of_the_Thomson_Scattering

"If a low density electromagnetic wave hits an electron, it does not only perform the well-known transverse movement, but also a longitudinal movement with double frequency. This leads to an energy loss of the original electromagnetic wave without change of direction which was previ-ously unknown and is no elastic or inelastic collision. The 'lost' energy is radiated in two different frequency ranges and the relative energy loss increases with decreasing frequency of the primary wave. An experimental confirmation of this phenomenon could influence the debate about "tired light". The derivation is based solely on classical electrodynamics and therefore contains no ad hoc hypothesis. The only adjustable parameters are the duration and the envelope of the wave packet."

The discussion about momentum brings up the question:  What does your drive push on?

Like the good doctor mentioned:

"You are somebody: you proved this by taking the step to report your idea in this great forum (NSF) and get a number of responses.  You just have to follow it up by thinking of how you would go about implementing your idea with actual components..."

As you say: "So it is definitely worth [it] to do detailed analysis [of the momentum problem], even it is difficult."

Like they constantly tell me around here... Do your own homework.
Sometimes I just flat out don't get it.

Offline Higher Love

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #86 on: 01/14/2018 03:20 pm »
Hello. :)
I m not a physicist, but I am interesed in sound. When I typed the words "phonons" and "superfluid vacuum" this forum came up. So I hope i can ask just a very short question related to this post by Rodal:

"One can think of the speed of sound of the vacuum as being associated with a (very large value) bulk modulus of elasticity (and density) of the superfluid vacuum, but these theories usually discuss the speed of sound (*) of the vacuum in terms of vacuum energy considerations and not specifically in terms of a bulk modulus of elasticity of the vacuum superfluid.

If an external observer could measure the propagation of ‘light’ ("vacuum sound", or other massless low-energy quasiparticles), she would find that the speed of light is coordinate-dependent. Moreover, it is anisotropic: it depends on the direction of propagation with respect to the flow of the superfluid vacuum.  "

I just wondered, how does sound propagate then? Would there be a "phonon field" in this superfluid vacuum theory?
Also, can you please link me to articles or sites where it is explained how superfluid vacuum sound works, since the wikipedia article doesn't explain this.

Thank you. :)

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #87 on: 01/11/2019 12:30 pm »
I just found a paper from AIAA which suggest that propellant less propulsion is possible.

Source: http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2001-3654

The electromagnetic stress-tensor as a possible space drive propulsion concept

ABSTRACT
The Heaviside force, by virtue of its nonzero value in vacuum, would appear to offer the germ of a real space-drive. Classical electrodynamic interactions may be viewed as transmitted continuously through deformations in the state of the electromagnetic field, which acts like a stressed elastic medium. Maxwell stresses not only provide a controllable net momentum flow, but also a physical mechanism acting on the fabric of space-time. In response to this unbalanced force it has been asserted that a spacecraft will move off with equal and opposite momentum. The electromagnetic interaction mechanism under consideration suggests the basis for a novel development in electrical machine technology and a possible space-drive for space transportation. The physical basis of this concept is examined in this paper, and experimental investigations are described. Supporting analyses and historical background are included.

INTRODUCTION
Perhaps the most intriguing challenge facing twenty-first century space-flight is the novel concept of a "Space-Drive". John W. Campbell and Sir Arthur C. Clarke are usually credited with conceiving this visionary hypothesis. Without proposing any physical mechanism (for which one might cultivate some emerging technology to exploit) they articulated what such an astonishing apparatus will do: a space-drive is a propulsion mechanism that acts directly upon the fabric of free-space. (Actually, the notion of a space-drive was discussed in the engineering literature almost a dozen years earlier by Joseph Slepian. See below.) Remarkably, spacecraft employing such space-drive devices would not have to convey any reaction mass to eject as propellant.
I've seen your PDF few years ago and yes, your concept is correct but you need to show how electric energy is converted to kinetic when device accelerates...

Also check my work:
Orman Force Drive https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhldn0ef138&feature=youtu.be

Ps. I've build a device like yours 10 years ago and it does work but trust to power ratio is to low to use as force drive
« Last Edit: 01/11/2019 05:54 pm by MathewOrman »

Offline WarpTech

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #88 on: 01/12/2019 12:36 am »

"The electrons travel slower than light, so the balancing charge to the charge on your plate will have to be nearby. Its distance will be less than one half-wavelength of the wave, so the opposite charge will almost certainly be close enough to be affected by the incident wave."

Electromagnetic wave can propagate a very long distance, why you assume that  the electromagnetic wave source must be nearby?

I am talking about the charge on the plate in your original design, not the source of the EM wave. If there is charge on the plate, and you are forcing oscillations of the charge between positive and negative, then the balancing charge must be nearby. Specifically, the maximum distance away this charge can be is equivalent to half of a wavelength. Since the amount to which you can focus a beam of photons is limited by its wavelength, the opposite charge will also feel force from the incident EM wave.

If you think so, then we can move the EM wave source towards right about half of a wavelength, make the plate just touch the edge of EM wave beam.

This idea is not new. I had this idea back nearly 20 years ago and wrote about it here;
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228542228_Warp_Drive_propulsion_within_Maxwell's_equations

Dustin (@Dustinthewind) also came up with the idea a few years ago, and there are numerous posts in the EmDrive thread between he and I, and many others.

David Waite also came up with the idea and made some Youtube videos about it here;


And I've read papers about similar ideas going all the way back to the 1960's. It comes around and is re-discovered every few years.

What you need to learn is that the Electromagnetic field "IS" photons, and any field momentum "momentum flux" that is carried away is always mediated by photons. So the idea works, because what you end up with is a phased array of antennas that broadcast EM waves (photons) unidirectionally, and this pushes the antennas the other way. It IS a photon rocket and it will not deliver more thrust than a photon rocket.

The concept you have where, the momentum flux is being carried away to a distant absorber is known as Absorber Theory. It's a viable model, but even then, what is being emitted are still just photons which carry away the momentum. So in the end, it is still just a photon rocket that would be most efficient when the output transmission is well collimated, like a laser.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #89 on: 01/17/2019 06:58 am »

"The electrons travel slower than light, so the balancing charge to the charge on your plate will have to be nearby. Its distance will be less than one half-wavelength of the wave, so the opposite charge will almost certainly be close enough to be affected by the incident wave."

Electromagnetic wave can propagate a very long distance, why you assume that  the electromagnetic wave source must be nearby?

I am talking about the charge on the plate in your original design, not the source of the EM wave. If there is charge on the plate, and you are forcing oscillations of the charge between positive and negative, then the balancing charge must be nearby. Specifically, the maximum distance away this charge can be is equivalent to half of a wavelength. Since the amount to which you can focus a beam of photons is limited by its wavelength, the opposite charge will also feel force from the incident EM wave.

If you think so, then we can move the EM wave source towards right about half of a wavelength, make the plate just touch the edge of EM wave beam.

This idea is not new. I had this idea back nearly 20 years ago and wrote about it here;
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228542228_Warp_Drive_propulsion_within_Maxwell's_equations

Dustin (@Dustinthewind) also came up with the idea a few years ago, and there are numerous posts in the EmDrive thread between he and I, and many others.

David Waite also came up with the idea and made some Youtube videos about it here;


And I've read papers about similar ideas going all the way back to the 1960's. It comes around and is re-discovered every few years.

What you need to learn is that the Electromagnetic field "IS" photons, and any field momentum "momentum flux" that is carried away is always mediated by photons. So the idea works, because what you end up with is a phased array of antennas that broadcast EM waves (photons) unidirectionally, and this pushes the antennas the other way. It IS a photon rocket and it will not deliver more thrust than a photon rocket.

The concept you have where, the momentum flux is being carried away to a distant absorber is known as Absorber Theory. It's a viable model, but even then, what is being emitted are still just photons which carry away the momentum. So in the end, it is still just a photon rocket that would be most efficient when the output transmission is well collimated, like a laser.

It is irrelevant how many years ago someone had an idea which is physics only...
To count as priority date for an invention the idea must be reduced to practical device...
10 years ago I've built such device and still have the working model and evidence of built date...
It has very low thrust to weight ratio and very high power to force ratio...
Since then I've conceived several new ideas and built prove of concepts...
The latest, Orman Force Drive simulations show that it has at least 100:1 thrust/weight ratio and 98% efficiency... Currently the prove of concept device is undergoing tests...
See the Orman Force declaration and the circumstances that led to invalidation of Lorentz force:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhldn0ef138&feature=youtu.be
« Last Edit: 01/17/2019 07:00 am by MathewOrman »

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #90 on: 01/17/2019 07:21 am »
It is irrelevant how many years ago someone had an idea which is physics only...
To count as priority date for an invention the idea must be reduced to practical device...
10 years ago I've built such device and still have the working model and evidence of built date...
It has very low thrust to weight ratio and very high power to force ratio...
Since then I've conceived several new ideas and built prove of concepts...
The latest, Orman Force Drive simulations show that it has at least 100:1 thrust/weight ratio and 98% efficiency... Currently the prove of concept device is undergoing tests...
See the Orman Force declaration and the circumstances that led to invalidation of Lorentz force:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhldn0ef138&feature=youtu.be
The question is not of patentability, but of usefulness.

The paper you attached is trivially wrong. The units simply do not even work out in your first equation, and units are also wrong in your second equation in a way that is fundamentally inconsistent with the first equation as well. The rest seems to be you not understanding how EMF works. The magnetic flux through a loop needs to change to generate EMF, which does not happen with linear motion of the loop through a uniform field. If the Lorentz force law did not work, electric motors, generators, and countless other modern devices would not work.

I'd explain the proper ways to run such experiments, but you would probably be better off picking up a good textbook on electrodynamics, me trying to tutor someone in it over the web would not be very effective. If you show some willingness to learn, I could find some useful resources to point you to.

Also as to the working device with the very high power to force ratio, if you actually are measuring the right thing, and not some experimental artifact the ratio is greater than c=3e8 m/s and it works because the Lorentz force law works just fine, including the consequences that imply that photons carry momentum, which has been measured many times. There are easier and more efficient way to get up to a 1/c force/power ratio (I prefer this direction of ratio since bigger is better in this case) But even that is too low to be useful.
« Last Edit: 01/17/2019 07:23 am by meberbs »

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #91 on: 01/17/2019 07:44 am »
It is irrelevant how many years ago someone had an idea which is physics only...
To count as priority date for an invention the idea must be reduced to practical device...
10 years ago I've built such device and still have the working model and evidence of built date...
It has very low thrust to weight ratio and very high power to force ratio...
Since then I've conceived several new ideas and built prove of concepts...
The latest, Orman Force Drive simulations show that it has at least 100:1 thrust/weight ratio and 98% efficiency... Currently the prove of concept device is undergoing tests...
See the Orman Force declaration and the circumstances that led to invalidation of Lorentz force:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhldn0ef138&feature=youtu.be
The question is not of patentability, but of usefulness.

The paper you attached is trivially wrong. The units simply do not even work out in your first equation, and units are also wrong in your second equation in a way that is fundamentally inconsistent with the first equation as well. The rest seems to be you not understanding how EMF works. The magnetic flux through a loop needs to change to generate EMF, which does not happen with linear motion of the loop through a uniform field. If the Lorentz force law did not work, electric motors, generators, and countless other modern devices would not work.

I'd explain the proper ways to run such experiments, but you would probably be better off picking up a good textbook on electrodynamics, me trying to tutor someone in it over the web would not be very effective. If you show some willingness to learn, I could find some useful resources to point you to.

Also as to the working device with the very high power to force ratio, if you actually are measuring the right thing, and not some experimental artifact the ratio is greater than c=3e8 m/s and it works because the Lorentz force law works just fine, including the consequences that imply that photons carry momentum, which has been measured many times. There are easier and more efficient way to get up to a 1/c force/power ratio (I prefer this direction of ratio since bigger is better in this case) But even that is too low to be useful.
Need to examine it more carefully... The Orman Force declaration is not published for negotiation but for the record... And I do no care for hand waving... I can only consider experimental evidence that invalidates Orman Force... That includes the scalar form equations of Orman Force for moving and stationary charge in magnetic field...
Now, the type of Lorentz equation that works is force on current conducting wire stationary or moving in uniform magnetic field and such effect is called Laplace force which Lorentz claimed as his but it is not...
Lorentz never did do any experiments and that is why all math of his fails experimental confirmation, including ether and Lorentz contraction...
« Last Edit: 01/17/2019 07:47 am by MathewOrman »

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #92 on: 01/17/2019 08:23 am »
Need to examine it more carefully...
The righthand side of the first equation has units of force / time. The right hand side of the second equation has units of force / distance. Both of them you claim equals a force on the left side. This is literally irreconcilably inconsistent, and has as much meaning as stating 1=0.

The Orman Force declaration is not published for negotiation but for the record...
So you are simply declaring that every single scientist on the planet for the last century is incompetent.  Please research the Dunning–Kruger effect. You may want to take back the insult implied by your "declaration."

And I do no care for hand waving...
Then you should do less of it.

I can only consider experimental evidence that invalidates Orman Force...
You mean like the countless experiments that show the Lorentz force works, or the countless practical applications such as the fact that the power plant that generates the power you use every day in fact successfully generates power?

That includes the scalar form equations of Orman Force for moving and stationary charge in magnetic field...
Now, the type of Lorentz equation that works is force on current conducting wire stationary or moving in uniform magnetic field and such effect is called Laplace force which Lorentz claimed as his but it is not...
Lorentz never did do any experiments and that is why all math of his fails experimental confirmation, including ether and Lorentz contraction...
Historical reasons for force naming conventions are irrelevant. A current is just a bunch of individual charges moving around, so the distinction you are making between charges and currents is meaningless. You unsupported and incorrect assertion that Lorentz's math doesn't match with experiment demonstrates that you have no clue what you are talking about. Lorentz contraction is a documented effect. The aether doesn't exist, as has been experimentally proven, but the aether was believed to be necessary by most scientists until Einstein came up with special relativity, which built upon work by Lorentz. (Simplifying the story a bit)

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #93 on: 01/17/2019 08:37 am »
Need to examine it more carefully...
The righthand side of the first equation has units of force / time. The right hand side of the second equation has units of force / distance. Both of them you claim equals a force on the left side. This is literally irreconcilably inconsistent, and has as much meaning as stating 1=0.

The Orman Force declaration is not published for negotiation but for the record...
So you are simply declaring that every single scientist on the planet for the last century is incompetent.  Please research the Dunning–Kruger effect. You may want to take back the insult implied by your "declaration."

And I do no care for hand waving...
Then you should do less of it.

I can only consider experimental evidence that invalidates Orman Force...
You mean like the countless experiments that show the Lorentz force works, or the countless practical applications such as the fact that the power plant that generates the power you use every day in fact successfully generates power?

That includes the scalar form equations of Orman Force for moving and stationary charge in magnetic field...
Now, the type of Lorentz equation that works is force on current conducting wire stationary or moving in uniform magnetic field and such effect is called Laplace force which Lorentz claimed as his but it is not...
Lorentz never did do any experiments and that is why all math of his fails experimental confirmation, including ether and Lorentz contraction...
Historical reasons for force naming conventions are irrelevant. A current is just a bunch of individual charges moving around, so the distinction you are making between charges and currents is meaningless. You unsupported and incorrect assertion that Lorentz's math doesn't match with experiment demonstrates that you have no clue what you are talking about. Lorentz contraction is a documented effect. The aether doesn't exist, as has been experimentally proven, but the aether was believed to be necessary by most scientists until Einstein came up with special relativity, which built upon work by Lorentz. (Simplifying the story a bit)

The right side of equation simply state that Orman Force is proportional to excess  charge in coulombs to acceleration of charge and strength of magnetic field...
And the unit of force is in Newtons...

As for experimental evidence of Lorentz force on wire segment moving across uniform constant magnetic field with constant velocity there is none for over 100 year, now...
And in my paper there is and example from MIT what they teach now and what fails in my experiment...
Finally, please provide a link to at least one experimental setup which confirms Lorentz law and equation of charge moving in constant velocity in constant and uniform magnetic field...


Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #94 on: 01/17/2019 08:48 am »
The right side of equation simply state that Orman Force is proportional to excess  charge in coulombs to acceleration of charge and strength of magnetic field...
And the unit of force is in Newtons...
The symbol = does not mean proportional to, it means equal. If you really meant to use a symbol that means proportional, then for your formulas to be useful, you also would have to define what the constant of proportionality is. (Which would necessarily be different between the 2 equations, since the units would be different.)

As for experimental evidence of Lorentz force on wire segment moving across uniform constant magnetic field with constant velocity there is none for over 100 year, now...
Completely false statement that ignores what I have already written.

And in my paper there is and example from MIT what they teach now and what fails in my experiment...
It doesn't fail experiment, though it appears you failed to understand how to test it.

Finally, please provide a link to at least one experimental setup which confirms Lorentz law and equation of charge moving in constant velocity in constant and uniform magnetic field...
I posted a link to a video in the emDrive thread that does exactly this.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #95 on: 01/17/2019 08:55 am »
The right side of equation simply state that Orman Force is proportional to excess  charge in coulombs to acceleration of charge and strength of magnetic field...
And the unit of force is in Newtons...
The symbol = does not mean proportional to, it means equal. If you really meant to use a symbol that means proportional, then for your formulas to be useful, you also would have to define what the constant of proportionality is. (Which would necessarily be different between the 2 equations, since the units would be different.)

As for experimental evidence of Lorentz force on wire segment moving across uniform constant magnetic field with constant velocity there is none for over 100 year, now...
Completely false statement that ignores what I have already written.

And in my paper there is and example from MIT what they teach now and what fails in my experiment...
It doesn't fail experiment, though it appears you failed to understand how to test it.

Finally, please provide a link to at least one experimental setup which confirms Lorentz law and equation of charge moving in constant velocity in constant and uniform magnetic field...
I posted a link to a video in the emDrive thread that does exactly this.
I've replied to your link with the experiment which confirms Orman Force and invalidates Lorentz one, thank you...

Now, would you please describe a setup which in your opinion is correct and shows Lorentz force and EMF generated by segment of wire moving in constant linear velocity across uniform magnetic field with constant intensity...
« Last Edit: 01/17/2019 09:01 am by MathewOrman »

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #96 on: 01/17/2019 09:24 am »
Moving from discussion in the emDrive thread:
I expected that you would provide this very link  :-)
So? it happens to be one of the first ones in a google search.

I have to disappoint you: In this setup there is no place where electrons move in constant linear velocity...
Electrons are accelerated by the electric field generated by anode and after they pass anode aperture they are decelerated or pulled back by the anode
Except the cathode and anode form a dipole, which means the fields generally cancel out quickly when not directly in between. As the electrons leave the gun fields fall off much quicker (~1/R^3 if they were a dipole, though they may be more like a multipole, which would weaken your argument further), while the fields in between are very high. Any change in velocity is relatively small.

thus the curve liner trajectory of electrons are due to and consistent with Orman Force law and equation...
With the information you have provided so far, your equations are not even self-consistent. Your excuse of the electrons being pulled back to the anode does not make sense, as that is contradicted by the circular shape seen in the video, exactly as predicted using the Lorentz force law.

To confirmed it I used my own setup where I've placed second anode outside the glass of my Teltron 552 and made the beam curve in opposite direction thus proved as invalidating evidence of Lorentz force...
You are just describing the effect of adding another source of electric fields to the mix. All that proves is that electric fields deflect electrons, which is the "E" portion of the force law: F = q*(E +v x B)  where "x" is the cross product and bold represents vector terms.

Now, would you please describe a setup which in your opinion is correct and shows Lorentz force and EMF generated by segment of wire moving in constant linear velocity across uniform magnetic field with constant intensity...
The video does a pretty good approximation of that, though the fields are of course not perfectly uniform. You are the one claiming otherwise, so it is up to you to provide a better setup (and to show numerically how any small deviations from the ideal uniform velocity and uniform fields significantly corrupts the result.)
« Last Edit: 01/17/2019 09:24 am by meberbs »

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #97 on: 01/17/2019 09:43 am »
Moving from discussion in the emDrive thread:
I expected that you would provide this very link  :-)
So? it happens to be one of the first ones in a google search.

I have to disappoint you: In this setup there is no place where electrons move in constant linear velocity...
Electrons are accelerated by the electric field generated by anode and after they pass anode aperture they are decelerated or pulled back by the anode
Except the cathode and anode form a dipole, which means the fields generally cancel out quickly when not directly in between. As the electrons leave the gun fields fall off much quicker (~1/R^3 if they were a dipole, though they may be more like a multipole, which would weaken your argument further), while the fields in between are very high. Any change in velocity is relatively small.

thus the curve liner trajectory of electrons are due to and consistent with Orman Force law and equation...
With the information you have provided so far, your equations are not even self-consistent. Your excuse of the electrons being pulled back to the anode does not make sense, as that is contradicted by the circular shape seen in the video, exactly as predicted using the Lorentz force law.

To confirmed it I used my own setup where I've placed second anode outside the glass of my Teltron 552 and made the beam curve in opposite direction thus proved as invalidating evidence of Lorentz force...
You are just describing the effect of adding another source of electric fields to the mix. All that proves is that electric fields deflect electrons, which is the "E" portion of the force law: F = q*(E +v x B)  where "x" is the cross product and bold represents vector terms.

Now, would you please describe a setup which in your opinion is correct and shows Lorentz force and EMF generated by segment of wire moving in constant linear velocity across uniform magnetic field with constant intensity...
The video does a pretty good approximation of that, though the fields are of course not perfectly uniform. You are the one claiming otherwise, so it is up to you to provide a better setup (and to show numerically how any small deviations from the ideal uniform velocity and uniform fields significantly corrupts the result.)
Second anode according to Lorentz should not change curvature direction but in reality with Teltron 552 it does so you dipole theory fails in reality...
You are pointing to unrelated experiment and I was asking for an existing experiment or your own idea of correct one which pertain to wire moving in magnetic field and NOT of an electron gun and Helmholtz coil.
So, I conclude that you have no idea how to setup such experiment and or not able to provide a link to such...
The equation f=q*(E+v cross B) is false also because the is no constant v in accelerated motion...

« Last Edit: 01/17/2019 10:08 am by MathewOrman »

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #98 on: 01/17/2019 10:08 am »
Second anode according to Lorentz should not change curvature direction but in reality with Teltron 552 it does so you dipole theory fails in reality...
Maybe you aren't using some of those words with the commonly accepted meaning, but introducing additional electric fields will deflect the electrons in a different direction when the magnet is off.  The specifics would require you to provide a diagram of your setup to explain.

You are pointing to unrelated experiment and I was asking for an existing experiment or your own idea of correct one which pertain to wire moving a magnetic field and NOT of an electron gun and Helmholtz coil.
There is nothing unrelated about what I provided, it is a full demonstration of the Lorentz force, with electons moving with approximately uniform velocity through an approximately uniform electric field.

Your request about a moving wire doesn't make sense, because it is the motion of charges that matter, and if there is current flowing through the wire, the contribution from the motion of the wire will be small compared to the velocity of the electrons.

So, I conclude that you have no idea how to setup such experiment and or not able to provide a link to such...
As I have said, there are countless examples of the Lorentz force working, besides the facts about motors and electric generators I described before, and you ignored, there are also examples like the LHC. and other particle accelerators.

Here is an example where the charges are being moved by the physical motion of a non-magnetic metal plate past a magnet:



The equation f=q*(E+v cross B) is false also because the is no constant v in accelerated motion...
V is the instantaneous velocity in that formula, which is well defined. In the linked video, the direction of the electron's velocity is constantly changing, which therefore changes the direction of the acceleration, resulting in circular motion. (Constant speed (magnitude, not direction) and an acceleration that is always perpendicular to the velocity results in circular motion.)

Anyway, it is well past time for you to provide evidence of something other than unsupported statements that you have run experiments that disprove basic electrodynamics despite the fact that basically all of modern technology is based on electrodynamics working perfectly.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #99 on: 01/17/2019 10:20 am »
Second anode according to Lorentz should not change curvature direction but in reality with Teltron 552 it does so you dipole theory fails in reality...
Maybe you aren't using some of those words with the commonly accepted meaning, but introducing additional electric fields will deflect the electrons in a different direction when the magnet is off.  The specifics would require you to provide a diagram of your setup to explain.

You are pointing to unrelated experiment and I was asking for an existing experiment or your own idea of correct one which pertain to wire moving a magnetic field and NOT of an electron gun and Helmholtz coil.
There is nothing unrelated about what I provided, it is a full demonstration of the Lorentz force, with electons moving with approximately uniform velocity through an approximately uniform electric field.

Your request about a moving wire doesn't make sense, because it is the motion of charges that matter, and if there is current flowing through the wire, the contribution from the motion of the wire will be small compared to the velocity of the electrons.

So, I conclude that you have no idea how to setup such experiment and or not able to provide a link to such...
As I have said, there are countless examples of the Lorentz force working, besides the facts about motors and electric generators I described before, and you ignored, there are also examples like the LHC. and other particle accelerators.

Here is an example where the charges are being moved by the physical motion of a non-magnetic metal plate past a magnet:



The equation f=q*(E+v cross B) is false also because the is no constant v in accelerated motion...
V is the instantaneous velocity in that formula, which is well defined. In the linked video, the direction of the electron's velocity is constantly changing, which therefore changes the direction of the acceleration, resulting in circular motion. (Constant speed (magnitude, not direction) and an acceleration that is always perpendicular to the velocity results in circular motion.)

Anyway, it is well past time for you to provide evidence of something other than unsupported statements that you have run experiments that disprove basic electrodynamics despite the fact that basically all of modern technology is based on electrodynamics working perfectly.

Failed again: in the video the setup has nonuniform magnetic field and relative motion between charges and magnetic field is accelerated...
So, again the second setup is unrelated and you have no idea how to construct your own...
I on the other hand have provided 3 examples of experimental setups where Lorentz law fails and Orman Force and low is supported as if acceleration is null Orman Force is null...
Perhaps you should provide an example of the above from academic sources as you claim that there are countless examples...
By the way, what example in the video shows is Faraday's generator where there is physical brushing against conductive metal surface... With contact less electric field probes of modern oscilloscope the EMF is zero...
And there are no brush-less Faraday's generators...
« Last Edit: 01/17/2019 10:29 am by MathewOrman »

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #100 on: 01/17/2019 11:03 am »
Someone else confirms Orman Force law which predicts when acceleration in motion of the charges is zero the EMF in wire will also be zero:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=5&v=XSWwrvT_c8w

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #101 on: 01/17/2019 04:27 pm »
Failed again: in the video the setup has nonuniform magnetic field and relative motion between charges and magnetic field is accelerated...
Again, the Lorentz force equation uses instantaneous velocity, so your made up requirement for constant velocity is meaningless. In any example, the acceleration induced by the magnetic field changes the velocity, so as soon as you start running the experiment, the condition is lost anyway. (Though magnetic fields on their own only change the direction of velocity.)

So, again the second setup is unrelated and you have no idea how to construct your own...
I know how to construct my own, but I have no reason to do so due to the effectively unlimited number of already existing examples. You still haven't explained why all of modern technology designed using Lorentz force still works.

I on the other hand have provided 3 examples of experimental setups where Lorentz law fails and Orman Force and low is supported as if acceleration is null Orman Force is null...
You have provided 0 examples where the Lorentz force fails, as the Lorentz force does not predict EMF for constant motion of a loop of wire through a uniform magnetic field. It is not clear from your experimental descriptions exactly what you did, but my guess at the second one is that you were spinning a magnet around its pole, which doesn't change the field. For the final paper you cited, you seem to have failed to notice they talk only of a singular, linear wire, not a loop. To actually make use of the EMF, you would need a loop, and the loop would have to extend outside the uniform magnetic field, otherwise the EMF from opposite sides of the loop would cancel out. Your claims of the Lorentz force not working are all based on your own misunderstandings of the Lorentz force and incorrect (strawman) claims that the Lorentz force only applies to constant velocity.

Perhaps you should provide an example of the above from academic sources as you claim that there are countless examples...
The original experiments were done in the 1800s. Straightforward demonstrations of it are classroom exercises, like the ones I have provided you. Anything else is application, and I have already listed basic applications.

By the way, what example in the video shows is Faraday's generator where there is physical brushing against conductive metal surface... With contact less electric field probes of modern oscilloscope the EMF is zero...
And there are no brush-less Faraday's generators...
More unsupported assertions. If friction with the brush caused anything (like a static charge from socks on carpet), the results in the video I provided would not have changed sign with the direction of spin of the disc.

Again, you have yet to give your so-called force law a form that results in consistent units. You can't solve anything with it without doing that. Also, you have not demonstrated using it for any practical application, doing numerical calculations would quickly result in you running into problems with the inconsistent units you are using.

It is trivial that your made up law cannot explain the fact that the motion in the first link I provided is approximately a circle. If there was any significant backwards acceleration as you claim (there isn't) in the experiment that implies the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of acceleration to get the loop started. After that though acceleration of the electrons is clearly a constant pointing to the center of the circle, so if that is being maintained by the magnetic field, suddenly your law has to change to force being parallel to the acceleration instead of perpendicular. Also to support the claim I just made that the acceleration is constant towards the center: that is true due to centripetal acceleration of v^2/r. Radius is obviously constant, and if the velocity was not constant, the the component of acceleration towards the center required to maintain constant radius would change non-linearly. This is not supported by the linear equation you wrote up.

Also, if there was significant acceleration back towards the exit of the electron gun, you would get a distorted shape, not a circle that ends up moving away from the electron gun at the end, further disproving your claim that the speed of the electrons was anything but constant.

That is 4 different issues with your claim from just 1 experiment
-units don't work
-direction of force relative to acceleration is undefined, and changes with time in this experiment
-force claimed by you is not consistent with experiment resulting in a nice circle.
-claims that the anode causes acceleration are not supported by the data

Someone else confirms Orman Force law which predicts when acceleration in motion of the charges is zero the EMF in wire will also be zero:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=5&v=XSWwrvT_c8w
The magnet is spinning around what is presumably its pole. This does not produce a changing magnetic flux through the loop of wire, so the net EMF for the whole loop is expected to be 0. The entire setup is backwards and inside out compared to a homopolar generator (which is what he calls his device). For the incorrect setup he built, the result he got is what is expected.

Offline JohnFornaro

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #102 on: 01/17/2019 05:16 pm »
Failed again....

C'mon Matthew.  Just stop.
Sometimes I just flat out don't get it.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #103 on: 01/17/2019 06:02 pm »
Failed again: in the video the setup has nonuniform magnetic field and relative motion between charges and magnetic field is accelerated...
Again, the Lorentz force equation uses instantaneous velocity, so your made up requirement for constant velocity is meaningless. In any example, the acceleration induced by the magnetic field changes the velocity, so as soon as you start running the experiment, the condition is lost anyway. (Though magnetic fields on their own only change the direction of velocity.)

So, again the second setup is unrelated and you have no idea how to construct your own...
I know how to construct my own, but I have no reason to do so due to the effectively unlimited number of already existing examples. You still haven't explained why all of modern technology designed using Lorentz force still works.

I on the other hand have provided 3 examples of experimental setups where Lorentz law fails and Orman Force and low is supported as if acceleration is null Orman Force is null...
You have provided 0 examples where the Lorentz force fails, as the Lorentz force does not predict EMF for constant motion of a loop of wire through a uniform magnetic field. It is not clear from your experimental descriptions exactly what you did, but my guess at the second one is that you were spinning a magnet around its pole, which doesn't change the field. For the final paper you cited, you seem to have failed to notice they talk only of a singular, linear wire, not a loop. To actually make use of the EMF, you would need a loop, and the loop would have to extend outside the uniform magnetic field, otherwise the EMF from opposite sides of the loop would cancel out. Your claims of the Lorentz force not working are all based on your own misunderstandings of the Lorentz force and incorrect (strawman) claims that the Lorentz force only applies to constant velocity.

Perhaps you should provide an example of the above from academic sources as you claim that there are countless examples...
The original experiments were done in the 1800s. Straightforward demonstrations of it are classroom exercises, like the ones I have provided you. Anything else is application, and I have already listed basic applications.

By the way, what example in the video shows is Faraday's generator where there is physical brushing against conductive metal surface... With contact less electric field probes of modern oscilloscope the EMF is zero...
And there are no brush-less Faraday's generators...
More unsupported assertions. If friction with the brush caused anything (like a static charge from socks on carpet), the results in the video I provided would not have changed sign with the direction of spin of the disc.

Again, you have yet to give your so-called force law a form that results in consistent units. You can't solve anything with it without doing that. Also, you have not demonstrated using it for any practical application, doing numerical calculations would quickly result in you running into problems with the inconsistent units you are using.

It is trivial that your made up law cannot explain the fact that the motion in the first link I provided is approximately a circle. If there was any significant backwards acceleration as you claim (there isn't) in the experiment that implies the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of acceleration to get the loop started. After that though acceleration of the electrons is clearly a constant pointing to the center of the circle, so if that is being maintained by the magnetic field, suddenly your law has to change to force being parallel to the acceleration instead of perpendicular. Also to support the claim I just made that the acceleration is constant towards the center: that is true due to centripetal acceleration of v^2/r. Radius is obviously constant, and if the velocity was not constant, the the component of acceleration towards the center required to maintain constant radius would change non-linearly. This is not supported by the linear equation you wrote up.

Also, if there was significant acceleration back towards the exit of the electron gun, you would get a distorted shape, not a circle that ends up moving away from the electron gun at the end, further disproving your claim that the speed of the electrons was anything but constant.

That is 4 different issues with your claim from just 1 experiment
-units don't work
-direction of force relative to acceleration is undefined, and changes with time in this experiment
-force claimed by you is not consistent with experiment resulting in a nice circle.
-claims that the anode causes acceleration are not supported by the data

Someone else confirms Orman Force law which predicts when acceleration in motion of the charges is zero the EMF in wire will also be zero:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=5&v=XSWwrvT_c8w
The magnet is spinning around what is presumably its pole. This does not produce a changing magnetic flux through the loop of wire, so the net EMF for the whole loop is expected to be 0. The entire setup is backwards and inside out compared to a homopolar generator (which is what he calls his device). For the incorrect setup he built, the result he got is what is expected.
In the quote just above you said"This does not produce a changing magnetic flux through the loop of wire, so the net EMF for the whole loop is expected to be 0." Yes because it is uniform and NOT changing as claimed in Lorentz force model...
Yes, I expected that you would avoid providing an example of your own or from academic sources because you have no clue and there is none from academia...
Instantaneous velocity does not reflect instantaneous acceleration...
You said that my setup is incorrect but have no idea how "the" correct setup looks...
So, I will let you have the last answer...
« Last Edit: 01/17/2019 06:38 pm by MathewOrman »

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #104 on: 01/17/2019 06:05 pm »
Why no one can understand my design? It is so simple and with complete theoretical support.
Because it is not in the books :-)
« Last Edit: 01/17/2019 06:55 pm by MathewOrman »

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #105 on: 01/17/2019 06:20 pm »
Yes, I expected that you would avoid providing an example of your own or from academic sources because you have no clue and there is none from academia...
As I said, the original experiments were done over a hundred years ago, and it is not my responsibility to look them up for you.  I have given you modern experiments, and answered all of your objections to them. You ask for contradictory things like particles accelerating and not accelerating at the same time. As I have repeatedly suggested, you need to pick up a textbook on electrodynamics, because most of the claims you have made about what the Lorentz force says are simply not what electrodynamics actually predicts.

So, I will let you have the last answer...
Then I want you to actually give me some answers. You have simply ignored roughly 90% of what I have explained to you, and refuse to acknowledge the fundamental inconsistencies of your claims.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #106 on: 02/26/2019 03:36 pm »
Yes, I expected that you would avoid providing an example of your own or from academic sources because you have no clue and there is none from academia...
As I said, the original experiments were done over a hundred years ago, and it is not my responsibility to look them up for you.  I have given you modern experiments, and answered all of your objections to them. You ask for contradictory things like particles accelerating and not accelerating at the same time. As I have repeatedly suggested, you need to pick up a textbook on electrodynamics, because most of the claims you have made about what the Lorentz force says are simply not what electrodynamics actually predicts.

So, I will let you have the last answer...
Then I want you to actually give me some answers. You have simply ignored roughly 90% of what I have explained to you, and refuse to acknowledge the fundamental inconsistencies of your claims.
Stop making false statements... It is I who define mathematical model and it is my discovery and that is why I named it Orman Force... You cannot even make a simple experimental setup that would confirm or invalidate Lorentz force... Already have Rowland Institute evaluating my paper and reconstructing the experimental setups...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowland_Institute_for_Science
You had your last word so don't try to intimidate me with your silly math claims...

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #107 on: 02/26/2019 07:16 pm »
Stop making false statements...
What false statements? I haven't made any.

It is I who define mathematical model and it is my discovery and that is why I named it Orman Force...
You can define all the models you want, and name them whatever you want, but that doesn't make them real. When your models do not even have consistent units, they clearly are wrong.

You cannot even make a simple experimental setup that would confirm or invalidate Lorentz force...
This is a false statement. I provided modern examples that demonstrate the Lorentz force. I answered all of your objections to them. When you ran out of objections, you decided to just ignore that experiment and asked for a different one. As I told you, you can go look up century old experiments that originally demonstrated this, basically any modern demonstration will just be classroom examples.

Already have Rowland Institute evaluating my paper and reconstructing the experimental setups...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowland_Institute_for_Science
Have you asked them to check whether the units on your equations make any sense?

You had your last word so don't try to intimidate me with your silly math claims...
You are the one who declared it "last word." Since you have ignored it, like most everything else I said, your declaration means nothing. I have not made "silly math claims," but stated simple mathematical facts such as the fact that you have not provided equations with consistent units, or that some of what you claim about what Maxwell's equations predict are not in fact what Maxwell's equations actually predict.

I am not trying to intimidate you about anything, but anyone who finds themselves intimidated by basic algebra should take some high school level math classes.

Offline elektryx tech

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #108 on: 02/27/2019 06:43 am »
OK, I'm going to throw in my two cents here.

Mathew,
Found your paper somewhere (not on you tube) where I could actually read it....

About the toroid held by the rotating magnet:
According to Lorentz Force, current induced in the wires closest to the magnet will be in the same direction as the current induced in the wires furthest from the magnet. All current will flow either toward the center of the magnet or toward the outside of the magnet. In other words, the current induced on the wires closest to the magnet will be canceled by the current induced on the wires furthest from the magnet. Total current from this setup should be zero. So this agrees with Lorentz Force.

The whole reason for using a toroidal inductor or transformer is to eliminate magnetic interference from sources outside of the toroid. Magnetic fields on the inside of the coil will produce much more interesting results.

The inverse is also true, if you want to make a nail into an electromagnet you wind the wire around the outside of the nail. Putting a nail outside of a coil of wire will not make an electromagnet.

Hopefully this will help you understand Lorentz Force just a little better.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #109 on: 02/27/2019 07:23 am »
OK, I'm going to throw in my two cents here.

Mathew,
Found your paper somewhere (not on you tube) where I could actually read it....

About the toroid held by the rotating magnet:
According to Lorentz Force, current induced in the wires closest to the magnet will be in the same direction as the current induced in the wires furthest from the magnet. All current will flow either toward the center of the magnet or toward the outside of the magnet. In other words, the current induced on the wires closest to the magnet will be canceled by the current induced on the wires furthest from the magnet. Total current from this setup should be zero. So this agrees with Lorentz Force.

The whole reason for using a toroidal inductor or transformer is to eliminate magnetic interference from sources outside of the toroid. Magnetic fields on the inside of the coil will produce much more interesting results.

The inverse is also true, if you want to make a nail into an electromagnet you wind the wire around the outside of the nail. Putting a nail outside of a coil of wire will not make an electromagnet.

Hopefully this will help you understand Lorentz Force just a little better.
The link to my paper in PDF format is in the description underneath the video bu I paste it here too...
http://www.tyrell-innovations.com/share/OrmanForce.pdf
The toroidal coil in my setup is to multiply the EMF output and it does not cancel because magnetic field strength of the magnet decays exponentially from the surface so the wire section parallel and the closest to surface of the magnet has several times large EMF than the farther parallel section of wire...
I confirmed that by making the magnet wobble while  spinning by 0.5mm which creates effect of AC induction and I got sinusoidal EMF as expected...
« Last Edit: 02/27/2019 07:26 am by MathewOrman »

Offline elektryx tech

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #110 on: 02/27/2019 08:31 am »
The link to my paper in PDF format is in the description underneath the video bu I paste it here too...
http://www.tyrell-innovations.com/share/OrmanForce.pdf
The toroidal coil in my setup is to multiply the EMF output and it does not cancel because magnetic field strength of the magnet decays exponentially from the surface so the wire section parallel and the closest to surface of the magnet has several times large EMF than the farther parallel section of wire...
I confirmed that by making the magnet wobble while  spinning by 0.5mm which creates effect of AC induction and I got sinusoidal EMF as expected...
The magnetic strength does not decay as it gets further from the magnet, but curls around from the north pole to the south pole. If you want a good idea of the magnetic field, draw lines from the north pole to the south pole. If a line crosses into your loop it will also cross again to go out of your loop. Both crossings induce the same current in opposite directions. The reason the magnetic strength appears to decay is that the lines get further apart as you get further from the magnet. This is part of Maxwell's Equations. (The number of magnetic lines of flux that enter a volume are equal to the number of lines that leave the volume. - From Wikipedia "the sum total magnetic flux through any Gaussian surface is zero") You will have to visit Maxwell's equations as well and make your Orman Force fit in with those laws as well.

Not sure why you were getting an EMF when you wobble the magnet, this should not happen. Maybe something induced in the final loop? Was the EMF multiplied by the number of turns in the toroid or was it the same as EMF of a single loop?

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #111 on: 02/27/2019 08:55 am »
Here is the field of my magnet:
https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/mmk_p01-jpg.186996/

I used 10 turn rectangular coil when testing with wobble...
Maxwell does nothing when it comes to uniform magnetic field and motion of charge particles...
If you want non decaying magnetic gradient then the closest would be Helmholtz coils...
By the way if Lorentz force based EMF was in existence then we would have brush-less Faraday's homo-polar generator working as well...
« Last Edit: 02/27/2019 09:05 am by MathewOrman »

Offline dustinthewind

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #112 on: 02/27/2019 02:01 pm »
The link to my paper in PDF format is in the description underneath the video bu I paste it here too...
http://www.tyrell-innovations.com/share/OrmanForce.pdf
The toroidal coil in my setup is to multiply the EMF output and it does not cancel because magnetic field strength of the magnet decays exponentially from the surface so the wire section parallel and the closest to surface of the magnet has several times large EMF than the farther parallel section of wire...
I confirmed that by making the magnet wobble while  spinning by 0.5mm which creates effect of AC induction and I got sinusoidal EMF as expected...
The magnetic strength does not decay as it gets further from the magnet, but curls around from the north pole to the south pole. If you want a good idea of the magnetic field, draw lines from the north pole to the south pole. If a line crosses into your loop it will also cross again to go out of your loop. Both crossings induce the same current in opposite directions. The reason the magnetic strength appears to decay is that the lines get further apart as you get further from the magnet. This is part of Maxwell's Equations. (The number of magnetic lines of flux that enter a volume are equal to the number of lines that leave the volume. - From Wikipedia "the sum total magnetic flux through any Gaussian surface is zero") You will have to visit Maxwell's equations as well and make your Orman Force fit in with those laws as well.

Not sure why you were getting an EMF when you wobble the magnet, this should not happen. Maybe something induced in the final loop? Was the EMF multiplied by the number of turns in the toroid or was it the same as EMF of a single loop?

I think the current is induced because if its wobbled it changes the magnetic field in the center of the toroid coil.  I believe there is a resistance to this change in the magnetic field.  You might also be able to think of it as the radial component of the magnetic field that emanates away from the magnet, (v x B) with B pointing away from the axis of rotation and v toward or away from the magnet.  This induces an emf around the toroid.

It looks as if his magnet is being rotated axially.  I believe even if the magnet is rotated axially the magnetic field does not rotate axially.  This can't be detected with a closed circuit even if part the circuit slides, because you still cant be sure in which wire the current is being induced (the rotating metal of the magnetic disk or the wire loop).  This is what Barnett discovered in his experiments I cover in my thesis.  In order to detect this we had to build a capacitor which is an open circuit (Barnett shielded his capacitor which I argued if such an electric field existed in the lab frame his shield which existed in the lab frame would have shielded his capacitor).  We then rotated the magnetic field axially (capacitor not rotating) and detected no change in the electric field which would appear as an effective change in charge.  There are various reasons the magnetic field doesn't rotate axially - radial magnetic flux could exceed the speed of light beyond a radius, this changes relative velocity with respect to internal charges ect).  In fact I don't believe the magnetic field doesn't rotate at all.  Rather it radiates similar to how information radiates.  This is related to light which carries the information about the magnetic field.  This is why I suspect magnetars, or rotating magnet stars send out radiation pulses along the magnetic poles when it wobbles. 

I believe the magnetic field could rotate if the vacuum rotates as in the Lense–Thirring precession - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lense%E2%80%93Thirring_precession and is probably associated with an induced current in the vacuum as the vector potential A.  Imagine electrons one way and positrons the other - or the vacuum equivalent.

3 phase induction motors also create an effective rotating magnetic field but there are no rotating parts that induce the magnetic field.  It's all radial induction as light carries the information. 
« Last Edit: 02/27/2019 02:10 pm by dustinthewind »
Follow the science? What is science with out the truth.  If there is no truth in it it is not science.  Truth is found by open discussion and rehashing facts not those that moderate it to fit their agenda.  In the end the truth speaks for itself.  Beware the strong delusion and lies mentioned in 2ndThesalonians2:11.  The last stage of Babylon is transhumanism.  Clay mingled with iron (flesh mingled with machine).  MK ultra out of control.  Consider bill gates patent 202060606 (666), that hacks the humans to make their brains crunch C R Y P T O. Are humans hackable animals or are they protected like when Jesus cast out the legion?

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #113 on: 02/27/2019 03:09 pm »
Here is the field of my magnet:
https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/mmk_p01-jpg.186996/

I used 10 turn rectangular coil when testing with wobble...
Maxwell does nothing when it comes to uniform magnetic field and motion of charge particles...
If you want non decaying magnetic gradient then the closest would be Helmholtz coils...
By the way if Lorentz force based EMF was in existence then we would have brush-less Faraday's homo-polar generator working as well...
As dustinthewind says in his post, rotating a magnet around it's axis is not expected to induce emf, he has a detailed explanation, but the simple version is the total magnetic field flux through the loop isn't changing.

Plus your big circular coil is such that the way you hold it in the picture has the magnetic field crossing parallel to the loops, so there is minimal flux. You have built an entirely different setup than the what the online calculator you linked to assumes.

Maxwell's equations do in fact have left the situation, and the predict the results that you got. Your wobble experiment is the only one that sounds like it should generate emf, and it was (just sounds like because your exact setup details are not well described.)

Your claim that the Lorentz force would allow for a brushless homopolar generator does not make sense. That device by definition has electrical contact between a stationary wire and a spinning metal plate. Conductive brushes are just the way that can be done easily. Since the voltage generated is small, it wouldn't be easy to measure without good electrical contact. The flipping of sign of voltage with direction of rotation cannot be explained by the existence of the brushes. The Lorentz force predicts nothing that would easily allow the electrons to easily jump to a contactless probe to complete the circuit if you want the device to actually act as a generator.

So are you willing to learn something about what the Lorentz force actually predicts, or are you going to keep making up false statements about it to support your assertion that every scientist and engineer on the planet has gotten basic physical laws wrong for a over a century, yet modern technology still works?

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #114 on: 02/27/2019 03:56 pm »
Here is the field of my magnet:
https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/mmk_p01-jpg.186996/

I used 10 turn rectangular coil when testing with wobble...
Maxwell does nothing when it comes to uniform magnetic field and motion of charge particles...
If you want non decaying magnetic gradient then the closest would be Helmholtz coils...
By the way if Lorentz force based EMF was in existence then we would have brush-less Faraday's homo-polar generator working as well...
As dustinthewind says in his post, rotating a magnet around it's axis is not expected to induce emf, he has a detailed explanation, but the simple version is the total magnetic field flux through the loop isn't changing.

Plus your big circular coil is such that the way you hold it in the picture has the magnetic field crossing parallel to the loops, so there is minimal flux. You have built an entirely different setup than the what the online calculator you linked to assumes.

Maxwell's equations do in fact have left the situation, and the predict the results that you got. Your wobble experiment is the only one that sounds like it should generate emf, and it was (just sounds like because your exact setup details are not well described.)

Your claim that the Lorentz force would allow for a brushless homopolar generator does not make sense. That device by definition has electrical contact between a stationary wire and a spinning metal plate. Conductive brushes are just the way that can be done easily. Since the voltage generated is small, it wouldn't be easy to measure without good electrical contact. The flipping of sign of voltage with direction of rotation cannot be explained by the existence of the brushes. The Lorentz force predicts nothing that would easily allow the electrons to easily jump to a contactless probe to complete the circuit if you want the device to actually act as a generator.

So are you willing to learn something about what the Lorentz force actually predicts, or are you going to keep making up false statements about it to support your assertion that every scientist and engineer on the planet has gotten basic physical laws wrong for a over a century, yet modern technology still works?
That is it: you have no understanding of physics involved and you have no ability to construct a setup to prove that Lorentz force on electrons in a segment of wire moving with constant velocity trough uniform constant magnetic field creates EMF as it is pictured by MIT cource-ware 2018 which copy of is published in my paper:
http://www.tyrell-innovations.com/share/OrmanForce.pdf
Until you show an experimental setup of your design or any other one you will be considered by me as a troll and I will not exchange any dialogs with you...

Offline elektryx tech

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #115 on: 02/27/2019 04:19 pm »
Here is the field of my magnet:
https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/mmk_p01-jpg.186996/

I used 10 turn rectangular coil when testing with wobble...
Maxwell does nothing when it comes to uniform magnetic field and motion of charge particles...
If you want non decaying magnetic gradient then the closest would be Helmholtz coils...
By the way if Lorentz force based EMF was in existence then we would have brush-less Faraday's homo-polar generator working as well...
Field of magnet looks correct.

Wobble test should get zero EMF for toroid. For your 10 turn coil: Was that perpendicular or horizontal to the magnet? That would make a difference.

I may have stated something a little wrong about non decaying gradient, not quite sure how to express in words. The picture of your magnetic field shows what I was trying to say there, if you draw a circle anywhere on that picture, the total EMF you get for a loop of wire moving in a magnetic field will equal the number of lines that cross the loop going into the loop minus the number of lines leaving the loop.

On the brush-less Faraday's homo-polar generator, I assume that you mean that the loop is not moving with respect to the magnet. No, that won't work.

On the formula itself: What happened to the force due to the E field? That should be part of the force. It looks like you have arrived at some sort of differentiation of Lorentz Formula with respect to time (which would account for the missing E field) So you should be equating that to "change of force with respect to time" and not "force". The formula would make more sense then, but would not be anything new. So I'm OK with this if you call it "Orman's change of force".

Lorentz Force correctly explains force between capacitive plates, and forces that make inductors and transformers work. I'm an electronics guy, so this is what matters to me.

For now, I am going back to using Lorentz Formula, its been working quite nicely for me so far.

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #116 on: 02/27/2019 04:21 pm »
That is it: you have no understanding of physics involved and you have no ability to construct a setup to prove that Lorentz force on electrons in a segment of wire moving with constant velocity trough uniform constant magnetic field creates EMF as it is pictured by MIT cource-ware 2018 which copy of is published in my paper:
http://www.tyrell-innovations.com/share/OrmanForce.pdf
Until you show an experimental setup of your design or any other one you will be considered by me as a troll and I will not exchange any dialogs with you...
You accuse me of not understanding the physics involved without responding to a single technical point I made, or acknowledging that you still have not provided an equation for your so-called force law that even has consistent units.

I have provided you with experimental setups. The textbook chapter you link to in your paper has a variety of experimental setups, none of which match the experiments you reported.
http://web.mit.edu/viz/EM/visualizations/coursenotes/modules/guide10.pdf
The online calculator you link to shows another example, directly related to what you ask for:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/genwir3.html#c1
Just take that setup with 2 bar magnets lined up north to south with a gap. You can hook up a decent voltmeter to either end of the metal wire. Note that the loop formed by the wire and voltmeter will have some additional magnetic field passing through it (additional meaning besides the strongest part of the field which is in the gap between the magnets) so for best results, the leads should be kept away from the strongest part of the field near the magnets, and the leads should be kept as still as possible.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #117 on: 02/27/2019 06:34 pm »
Here is the field of my magnet:
https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/mmk_p01-jpg.186996/

I used 10 turn rectangular coil when testing with wobble...
Maxwell does nothing when it comes to uniform magnetic field and motion of charge particles...
If you want non decaying magnetic gradient then the closest would be Helmholtz coils...
By the way if Lorentz force based EMF was in existence then we would have brush-less Faraday's homo-polar generator working as well...
Field of magnet looks correct.

Wobble test should get zero EMF for toroid. For your 10 turn coil: Was that perpendicular or horizontal to the magnet? That would make a difference.

I may have stated something a little wrong about non decaying gradient, not quite sure how to express in words. The picture of your magnetic field shows what I was trying to say there, if you draw a circle anywhere on that picture, the total EMF you get for a loop of wire moving in a magnetic field will equal the number of lines that cross the loop going into the loop minus the number of lines leaving the loop.

On the brush-less Faraday's homo-polar generator, I assume that you mean that the loop is not moving with respect to the magnet. No, that won't work.

On the formula itself: What happened to the force due to the E field? That should be part of the force. It looks like you have arrived at some sort of differentiation of Lorentz Formula with respect to time (which would account for the missing E field) So you should be equating that to "change of force with respect to time" and not "force". The formula would make more sense then, but would not be anything new. So I'm OK with this if you call it "Orman's change of force".

Lorentz Force correctly explains force between capacitive plates, and forces that make inductors and transformers work. I'm an electronics guy, so this is what matters to me.

For now, I am going back to using Lorentz Formula, its been working quite nicely for me so far.
You are talking about Laplace force which Lorentz took as his own, that works just fine...
See copy of the MIT cource ware 2018 in my paper: Fig:9   http://www.tyrell-innovations.com/share/OrmanForce.pdf
It is that exact formulae of Lorentz force which has been invalidated...
Lorentz also took that formulae from someone else: see the copy of 100 year old physics book page also published in my paper...
I am an electronics, electro-photonics engineer with 40 years of experience...
I have designed 6D AC magnetic tracking system for Ascension Technology Corp:
https://www.sbir.gov/sbc/ascension-technology-corporation

Also, E field force is covered by Coulombs law and Lorentz had zero contribution to it...

Homopolar DC Brush-less Generator Patent:  https://patents.google.com/patent/US5977684

Which does not work because Lorentz force is invalid...

 
« Last Edit: 02/27/2019 06:57 pm by MathewOrman »

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #118 on: 02/27/2019 08:10 pm »
You are talking about Laplace force which Lorentz took as his own, that works just fine...
Physicists build on each others work, and sometimes independently come to the same result in parallel. The history and who got the credit are irrelevant. The Laplace force typically just refers to the magnetic portion of the Lorentz force equation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force

(bold below is vectors)

Lorentz force is F = qE + q v x B

The "Laplace force" is:
F = L I x B

This is the exact same as the magnetic part of the above equation when you consider that the definition of current says:

I = v * q/L
where q is the total amount of charge moving within the length of wire (L), and v is the instantaneous average velocity of that charge.

See copy of the MIT cource ware 2018 in my paper: Fig:9   http://www.tyrell-innovations.com/share/OrmanForce.pdf
It is that exact formulae of Lorentz force which has been invalidated...
As I showed above, the formula you are saying is wrong, and the one you are saying is correct are the same formula. You have not replicated the setups from that textbook chapter, and have not demonstrated anything in it to be wrong.

Also, E field force is covered by Coulombs law and Lorentz had zero contribution to it...
Lorentz force equation is generally understood to be the equation that shows the sum of the electric and magnetic force contributions, though sometimes it refers to the magnetic part only.

Homopolar DC Brush-less Generator Patent:  https://patents.google.com/patent/US5977684

Which does not work because Lorentz force is invalid...
And again you make assertions without evidence.

If the patent doesn't work, it is because they got their physics wrong (It appears that they ignore the magnetic field that passes through the side of the coil). It looks to me like their figure 6 is similar to the experiment you ran with the toroidal coil, where the magnetic flux in and out will always total up to zero. Figure 7 by contrast has gaps, so it does not form a completely enclosed volume, and some emf may be induced (if the magnets are also not full toroids), but it seems likely it would be AC of some kind, rather than the DC they claim.

You can't say that the Lorentz force is wrong just because someone failed to account for all sides of a coil when they did their calculations in some random patent.

And I have provided you with descriptions of experiments, which you have ignored, so continuing to ignore the technical points I have made and simple math I have provided makes it seem like you have no interest in actual science.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #119 on: 02/28/2019 09:01 am »
That is it: you have no understanding of physics involved and you have no ability to construct a setup to prove that Lorentz force on electrons in a segment of wire moving with constant velocity trough uniform constant magnetic field creates EMF as it is pictured by MIT cource-ware 2018 which copy of is published in my paper:
http://www.tyrell-innovations.com/share/OrmanForce.pdf
Until you show an experimental setup of your design or any other one you will be considered by me as a troll and I will not exchange any dialogs with you...
You accuse me of not understanding the physics involved without responding to a single technical point I made, or acknowledging that you still have not provided an equation for your so-called force law that even has consistent units.

I have provided you with experimental setups. The textbook chapter you link to in your paper has a variety of experimental setups, none of which match the experiments you reported.
http://web.mit.edu/viz/EM/visualizations/coursenotes/modules/guide10.pdf
The online calculator you link to shows another example, directly related to what you ask for:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/genwir3.html#c1
Just take that setup with 2 bar magnets lined up north to south with a gap. You can hook up a decent voltmeter to either end of the metal wire. Note that the loop formed by the wire and voltmeter will have some additional magnetic field passing through it (additional meaning besides the strongest part of the field which is in the gap between the magnets) so for best results, the leads should be kept away from the strongest part of the field near the magnets, and the leads should be kept as still as possible.
Great, now I have prove that you have no ability to focus on the problem and provide an experimental setup...
Because your setup will show voltage induced by varying magnetic field as the wire is moving along the gap...
And that is Faraday's induction and not Lorentz Motional EMF...
For 100 years now there is no experimental setup proving existence of Motional EMF of section of a conductor moving with constant linear velocity in uniform constant intensity magnetic field...
So, stop trolling nonsense!

Offline dustinthewind

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #120 on: 02/28/2019 01:17 pm »
That is it: you have no understanding of physics involved and you have no ability to construct a setup to prove that Lorentz force on electrons in a segment of wire moving with constant velocity trough uniform constant magnetic field creates EMF as it is pictured by MIT cource-ware 2018 which copy of is published in my paper:
http://www.tyrell-innovations.com/share/OrmanForce.pdf
Until you show an experimental setup of your design or any other one you will be considered by me as a troll and I will not exchange any dialogs with you...
You accuse me of not understanding the physics involved without responding to a single technical point I made, or acknowledging that you still have not provided an equation for your so-called force law that even has consistent units.

I have provided you with experimental setups. The textbook chapter you link to in your paper has a variety of experimental setups, none of which match the experiments you reported.
http://web.mit.edu/viz/EM/visualizations/coursenotes/modules/guide10.pdf
The online calculator you link to shows another example, directly related to what you ask for:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/genwir3.html#c1
Just take that setup with 2 bar magnets lined up north to south with a gap. You can hook up a decent voltmeter to either end of the metal wire. Note that the loop formed by the wire and voltmeter will have some additional magnetic field passing through it (additional meaning besides the strongest part of the field which is in the gap between the magnets) so for best results, the leads should be kept away from the strongest part of the field near the magnets, and the leads should be kept as still as possible.
Great, now I have prove that you have no ability to focus on the problem and provide an experimental setup...
Because your setup will show voltage induced by varying magnetic field as the wire is moving along the gap...
And that is Faraday's induction and not Lorentz Motional EMF...
For 100 years now there is no experimental setup proving existence of Motional EMF of section of a conductor moving with constant linear velocity in uniform constant intensity magnetic field...
So, stop trolling nonsense!

There is experimental evidence of this.  A homopolar motor with sliding contacts is a great example.  A metal coated disk magnet rotates its metal through a constant magnetic field.  The metal that rotates and experiences acceleration via rotation, rotates in a non-rotating magnetic field and experiences induction. 

The metal that doesn't rotate in the magnetic field doesn't experience induction.  It resides in the lab frame with the magnetic field.  Because the two metals in the circuit see different realities - one sees an electric field and the return wire doesn't, a current is induced in the connecting wire measurable by a galvanometer. 

All my and Barnett's experiment did was to attempt to determine that the magnetic field indeed doesn't rotate with the magnet axially.

The magnetic field is a superposition of all possible realities.  It is actually a velocity dependent dipole electric field.  This is why outside a solenoid the magnetic field drops off with distance cubed, and inside it is constant.  Depending on your direction the dipole electric field rotates perpendicular to your direction.  So the magnetic field lines are a velocity map of a dipole potential and another effect that is strange and causes a tilting of the electric fields in electrons when you approach/leave magnet.  The strange tilting of electron fields also happens you approach a current carrying long wire. 

All of this is induced by relativity and we wouldn't have a magnetic field if we didn't have relativity.  This is why relativity is built into Maxwell's equations.  The dipole is induced because a current loop has negative charges moving and positive charges that are not.  You speed up time for the charges in a current loop that are moving with you and slow down time for charges in a current loop moving against your direction.  A buffer effect builds up charge on the side where the charges are moving against your direction because of the larger relative velocity. 

This is also why the magnetic field doesn't rotate because the magnetic field is some how associated with the vacuum which determines relativity velocity.  The vacuum doesn't rotate except via the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lense%E2%80%93Thirring_precession which is the only time I think a magnetic field may actually rotate.   This is why when you rotate you experience acceleration of your arms because your rotating relative to the vacuum.  Even with an empty universe if there was a vacuum it would tell you that your rotating, strange as that is. 
« Last Edit: 02/28/2019 01:24 pm by dustinthewind »
Follow the science? What is science with out the truth.  If there is no truth in it it is not science.  Truth is found by open discussion and rehashing facts not those that moderate it to fit their agenda.  In the end the truth speaks for itself.  Beware the strong delusion and lies mentioned in 2ndThesalonians2:11.  The last stage of Babylon is transhumanism.  Clay mingled with iron (flesh mingled with machine).  MK ultra out of control.  Consider bill gates patent 202060606 (666), that hacks the humans to make their brains crunch C R Y P T O. Are humans hackable animals or are they protected like when Jesus cast out the legion?

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #121 on: 02/28/2019 02:38 pm »
The Faraday's homopolar generator only requires physical brushing and the rotation's relativity and or direction is irrelevant...
If magnet is in motion then its field i also in motion, but because rotation axis is aligned with axis of symmetry
all means of detection fail because at any radial point during rotation magnetic field has constant magnitude and orientation thus induction is zero thus zero EMF but Lorentz claimed otherwise...

Offline dustinthewind

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #122 on: 02/28/2019 04:05 pm »
The Faraday's homopolar generator only requires physical brushing and the rotation's relativity and or direction is irrelevant...
If magnet is in motion then its field i also in motion, but because rotation axis is aligned with axis of symmetry
all means of detection fail because at any radial point during rotation magnetic field has constant magnitude and orientation thus induction is zero thus zero EMF but Lorentz claimed otherwise...

If you like you can try it with a set of Helmholtz coils.  Make a stationary circuit with a galvanometer inside the Helmholtz coils.  Make a wire that slides down the two lengths of wire connected to the galvanometer.  As you slide the wire back and forth there should be a current induced.  The magnetic field inside the Helmholtz coils should be uniform.  Again you need to have sliding contact to make only part of the circuit see the relativistic effects from the Helmholtz coils.

It should be the same as a homopolar motor just linearized instead of rotational. 

I'm positive this experiment has been conducted by other's.
« Last Edit: 02/28/2019 04:54 pm by dustinthewind »
Follow the science? What is science with out the truth.  If there is no truth in it it is not science.  Truth is found by open discussion and rehashing facts not those that moderate it to fit their agenda.  In the end the truth speaks for itself.  Beware the strong delusion and lies mentioned in 2ndThesalonians2:11.  The last stage of Babylon is transhumanism.  Clay mingled with iron (flesh mingled with machine).  MK ultra out of control.  Consider bill gates patent 202060606 (666), that hacks the humans to make their brains crunch C R Y P T O. Are humans hackable animals or are they protected like when Jesus cast out the legion?

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #123 on: 02/28/2019 05:03 pm »
Yes, but those setups produce AC EMF of Faraday's induction:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=36&v=-CXsXeizmZw
You need to produce DC EMF as predicted by Lorentz Motional EMF...

Ones again: no brushing, Lorentz Motional EMF must produce DC EMF without brushing...
« Last Edit: 02/28/2019 05:07 pm by MathewOrman »

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #124 on: 02/28/2019 05:17 pm »
Great, now I have prove that you have no ability to focus on the problem and provide an experimental setup...
No, but your statement is evidence of you distorting what I said, apparently because you don't want to admit that I gave you what you asked for.

Because your setup will show voltage induced by varying magnetic field as the wire is moving along the gap...
And that is Faraday's induction and not Lorentz Motional EMF...
False. The magnet is stationary, so the magnetic field is not changing. As described in more detail in dustinthewind's post, special relativity requires that whether you move the magnet or move the wire, you get the same current, since there is no special reference frame. As a result, it is not a coincidence that the prediction for the current is the same in either reference frame, they are different ways to represent the same thing, so your claim that only one of them works is self-contradictory.

If you want more room to move the wire in a uniform field, instead of a square end for the bar magnets, you can have it be rectangular with the long side along the direction you are moving the wire. The magnetic field strength will not be constant at every point on the moving wire, but that is irrelevant, since the field experienced by any given piece of the wire would be unchanging. The gradient is necessary, since you want to get the leads to the voltmeter away from the magnetic field, so their motion is not significant.

As an alternative, you can actually look at that chapter that you linked to, and see on page 10-8 where they provide a diagram where a metal rod is sliding along 2 metal bars. Use a voltmeter as the resistor, and then all of your leads can be fixed in place, so the whole setup can be within a uniform field if you have a big enough coil.

For 100 years now there is no experimental setup proving existence of Motional EMF of section of a conductor moving with constant linear velocity in uniform constant intensity magnetic field...
Untrue, you have been given multiple examples, from motion of electrons in free space, the experiment I just described and the video I linked showing a homopolar generator.

So, stop trolling nonsense!
You are relatively new here, so you may not be aware that name-calling is not acceptable behavior here. As for nonsense: I have given evidence and supported my points, while you have yet to provide a single example of an experiment where the Lorentz force does not work. In all of your examples so far, what you have described is exactly what is predicted by Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force, you have just made incorrect assertions about what the Lorentz force predicts.

The Faraday's homopolar generator only requires physical brushing and the rotation's relativity and or direction is irrelevant...
Go look at the video I previously provided again. As I have pointed out before, the sign of the voltage changes depending on the direction the disk is spinning. If the voltage was due to friction (generating a static charge) between the brush and the plate, the sign change with direction of motion would not happen.

If magnet is in motion then its field i also in motion, but because rotation axis is aligned with axis of symmetry
all means of detection fail because at any radial point during rotation magnetic field has constant magnitude and orientation thus induction is zero thus zero EMF but Lorentz claimed otherwise...
A spinning magnet produces the exact same field as a stationary magnet when the rotation is along the magnet's axis of symmetry. The Lorentz force equation* does not predict anything different to happen with the spinning magnet than with the stationary magnet, since the fields are the same. The current due to motion of a wire relative to the magnet is very real, though you have to setup the measurement apparatus correctly. You did not even deny that the setup I provided would work, you just claimed that the field was not constant despite the fact that the magnet is not moving.

Your arguments against the Lorentz force so far have all been strawmen, where the only thing wrong is that the Lorentz equation does not predict what you claim it does. (That and the fact that you have not provided an alternative proposal that so much as has consistent units.)

*you refer to Lorentz as if you are referring to the person, rather than the equation. If you want to refer to the person, please provide a sourced quote where he  is describing the situation you are talking about.

Yes, but those setups produce AC EMF of Faraday's induction:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=36&v=-CXsXeizmZw
You need to produce DC EMF as predicted by Lorentz Motional EMF...

Ones again: no brushing, Lorentz Motional EMF must produce DC EMF without brushing...
It is AC in that video because the motion is back and forth. Again, I already provided a video where the output is DC, and the result is clearly not caused by the presence of the brush, because the sign changes with direction.

You have not provided a description of a setup that can avoid the need for a brush or similar, since something must maintain contact between the moving and non-moving pieces. The only thing you provided was a patent where the applicant failed to account for the effect of the field on 2 of the 4 sides of their coils. (Again, you base your arguments on incorrect claims about what is actually predicted.)
« Last Edit: 02/28/2019 05:19 pm by meberbs »

Offline elektryx tech

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #125 on: 03/01/2019 07:11 am »
Yes, but those setups produce AC EMF of Faraday's induction:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=36&v=-CXsXeizmZw
You need to produce DC EMF as predicted by Lorentz Motional EMF...

Ones again: no brushing, Lorentz Motional EMF must produce DC EMF without brushing...
OK, I think I see what you are getting at here. You want to produce a constant DC current (EMF) in a static circuit by moving a magnetic field. And due to the loop nature of a circuit this may not be possible.

This does make for an interesting topology problem....

I can think of several examples where a DC current is produced in a localized area of a circuit, but it's always canceled by another opposing DC current in another part of the circuit. Your experiment with the toroid is a good example of this.
Another example of this would be dropping a magnet down a copper pipe, a DC current is produced below the magnet which creates a magnetic field pushing up on the magnet, but a negative DC current is produced above the magnet which pulls up on the magnet. (Both forces end up being in the same upward direction, but the total DC current for the whole pipe is zero.)

The one experiment I can think of that might show a dc value. Charging a capacitor with a single wire. (I finally see the point of your third experiment in your paper.) Some hints on attempting this, the capacitive plates are going to have to be far enough apart so none of your circuit reverses though the magnetic field. Maybe look into using spherical capacitors (Like on Van De Graph device) as these do not require an opposing plate to store charge. Not sure that it will be possible to measure the voltage differential on a voltmeter since much of the voltage will be drained very rapidly by measuring it.

Hope this helps....

Offline dustinthewind

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #126 on: 03/01/2019 01:32 pm »
An AC experiment you could do that tests the DC induction by V x B = E in a constant magnetic field. You just osculate the circuit at the resonant frequency.  The capacitance with the voltage induces a current in the circuit which transfers to the non moving circuit. 
Follow the science? What is science with out the truth.  If there is no truth in it it is not science.  Truth is found by open discussion and rehashing facts not those that moderate it to fit their agenda.  In the end the truth speaks for itself.  Beware the strong delusion and lies mentioned in 2ndThesalonians2:11.  The last stage of Babylon is transhumanism.  Clay mingled with iron (flesh mingled with machine).  MK ultra out of control.  Consider bill gates patent 202060606 (666), that hacks the humans to make their brains crunch C R Y P T O. Are humans hackable animals or are they protected like when Jesus cast out the legion?

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #127 on: 03/01/2019 06:19 pm »
Here is an apparent prove of Motional EMF an experiment created by a university:

Offline elektryx tech

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #128 on: 03/01/2019 07:12 pm »
Here is an apparent prove of Motional EMF an experiment created by a university:

Yep, that is exactly what you would expect to see.

Notice they get a positive voltage when the first part of the loop goes through the magnetic field and then a negative voltage when the second part goes through the magnetic field. The same thing is happening in your toroid experiment but you are exposing both sides of the loop to the magnetic field at the same time so they cancel.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #129 on: 03/01/2019 10:52 pm »
Yep, must be so...

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #130 on: 07/21/2019 09:53 pm »
Yep, must be so...
That was meant as a Joke...

You 'we missed the fact that when coil enters magnetic field there is a large jump in magnetic field intensity thus creating an induction EMF and not motional EMF... After coil enters uniform magnetic field there is no induction but EMF is present due to energy stored in an inductor. At the end coil leaves the field thus again big jump in magnetic field intensity but in opposite direction thus we have another pulse due to induction EMF...
IF the coil was connected with a resistor as a load then you would no see and DC component but only two pulses, one at the beginning and another at the end...

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #131 on: 08/26/2019 09:33 pm »
An AC experiment you could do that tests the DC induction by V x B = E in a constant magnetic field. You just osculate the circuit at the resonant frequency.  The capacitance with the voltage induces a current in the circuit which transfers to the non moving circuit.
But V pertains to constant velocity...
« Last Edit: 08/26/2019 09:35 pm by MathewOrman »

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #132 on: 08/26/2019 09:57 pm »
Yep, must be so...
That was meant as a Joke...

You 'we missed the fact that when coil enters magnetic field there is a large jump in magnetic field intensity thus creating an induction EMF and not motional EMF... After coil enters uniform magnetic field there is no induction but EMF is present due to energy stored in an inductor. At the end coil leaves the field thus again big jump in magnetic field intensity but in opposite direction thus we have another pulse due to induction EMF...
IF the coil was connected with a resistor as a load then you would no see and DC component but only two pulses, one at the beginning and another at the end...
So you are just going to deny reality and ignore the results of the experiment? Even if your explanation made any sense, you simply fail to address the proportionality with velocity that was demonstrated.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #133 on: 08/27/2019 03:22 pm »
Yep, must be so...
That was meant as a Joke...

You 'we missed the fact that when coil enters magnetic field there is a large jump in magnetic field intensity thus creating an induction EMF and not motional EMF... After coil enters uniform magnetic field there is no induction but EMF is present due to energy stored in an inductor. At the end coil leaves the field thus again big jump in magnetic field intensity but in opposite direction thus we have another pulse due to induction EMF...
IF the coil was connected with a resistor as a load then you would no see and DC component but only two pulses, one at the beginning and another at the end...
So you are just going to deny reality and ignore the results of the experiment? Even if your explanation made any sense, you simply fail to address the proportionality with velocity that was demonstrated.


As usual you are twisting facts... Bu I've made one last experiment showing a coil moving through constant magnetic field with constant velocity and I will publish it tonight...
:-)

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #134 on: 08/27/2019 05:58 pm »
Here it is: Orman Force Law experimental setup of EMF due to charge acceleration in uniform magnetic field: The oscilloscope was set in single shot mode and coil motion was induced by hand... As indicated on the scope there was zero EMF due to linear motion and a large EMF due to acceleration at collision with stop bumper thus with agreement with Orman Force Law and invalidation of Lorentz Force and Law... :-)
« Last Edit: 08/27/2019 06:02 pm by MathewOrman »

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #135 on: 08/27/2019 06:01 pm »
The magnetic strip was magnetized across its thickness (axially) and inductance of the rectangular coil  was 39 mH... :-)
« Last Edit: 08/27/2019 06:55 pm by MathewOrman »

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #136 on: 08/27/2019 07:07 pm »
As usual you are twisting facts...
False. I have not done that.

As to your experiment, it appears that that you taped a magnet to a coil. There are 2 main problems with that, and as usual it boils down to your experiment perfect validating the predictions of standard electromagnetism, but you incorrectly understanding what those predictions are.

First: You have the whole coil in the magnetic field in basically the same direction, so as has been explained to you before, the expectation is no voltage change, because the opposite sides of the coil cancel out.

Second: Your magnet is moving, and a moving source of magnetic field generates an electric field in the lab frame. This electric field is basically equal to - v x B, and therefore exactly cancels out the force from the magnetic field on the moving wire.

Special relativity requires that physics makes the same predictions for what happens in any inertial reference frame. In a rest frame a magnet stationary relative to a wire introduces no force on the charges in the wire. In a frame where they are both moving, the same prediction must be made. Electromagnetism is inherently consistent with special relativity, this happens because the fields transform between reference frames. The electromagnetic fields are described differently in different frames, which allows the actual results for whether charges experience a force to remain the same.

Also, it is logically impossible for any experiment to validate your so-called "Orman force law" because your units are inconsistent.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #137 on: 08/27/2019 07:55 pm »
As usual you are twisting facts...
False. I have not done that.

As to your experiment, it appears that that you taped a magnet to a coil. There are 2 main problems with that, and as usual it boils down to your experiment perfect validating the predictions of standard electromagnetism, but you incorrectly understanding what those predictions are.

First: You have the whole coil in the magnetic field in basically the same direction, so as has been explained to you before, the expectation is no voltage change, because the opposite sides of the coil cancel out.

Second: Your magnet is moving, and a moving source of magnetic field generates an electric field in the lab frame. This electric field is basically equal to - v x B, and therefore exactly cancels out the force from the magnetic field on the moving wire.

Special relativity requires that physics makes the same predictions for what happens in any inertial reference frame. In a rest frame a magnet stationary relative to a wire introduces no force on the charges in the wire. In a frame where they are both moving, the same prediction must be made. Electromagnetism is inherently consistent with special relativity, this happens because the fields transform between reference frames. The electromagnetic fields are described differently in different frames, which allows the actual results for whether charges experience a force to remain the same.

Also, it is logically impossible for any experiment to validate your so-called "Orman force law" because your units are inconsistent.

I think that children from a second grade school would understated this experiment but you don't...
And you twisting again... The magnetic strip is 1m long and coil slides on plastic sledge until it hits the plastic stop bumper and then we get EMF due to acceleration as seen on the scope but you missed that too... :-)

« Last Edit: 08/27/2019 08:12 pm by MathewOrman »

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #138 on: 08/27/2019 08:02 pm »
Also, it is logically impossible for any experiment to validate your so-called "Orman force law" because your units are inconsistent.
The units are: Force in Newtons, Charge in Coulombs, Velocity in m/sec and time in sec... :-) Matlab simulation included... :-)

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #139 on: 08/27/2019 08:16 pm »
I think that children from a second grade school would understated this experiment but you don't...
And you twisting again... The magnetic strip is 1m long and coil glides on plastic sledge until it hits the plastic stop bumper and then we get EMF due to acceleration as seen on the scope but you missed that too... :-)
One warning: personal insults get posts deleted on this site, I shouldn't even be replying to you, as my post will just be deleted too if a mod comes by.

Anyway, you failed to label anything in your photos. The track just looks like a metal sheet. The block that was next to the coil seemed like the most magnet looking thing to me. Anyway with the magnet being that sheet on the track, you simply need to see point #1 from my previous post. The effects from opposite ends of the loop cancel out. This has been explained to you repeatedly.

Also, it is logically impossible for any experiment to validate your so-called "Orman force law" because your units are inconsistent.
The units are: Force in Newtons, Charge in Coulombs, Velocity in m/sec and time in sec... :-) Matlab simulation included... :-)
Here is a post where you atttached your paper.

You have 2 different equations. I am replacing the deltas with d's since that makes the notation more meaningful anyway:

F = q*(dv/dt)*B, which is wrong because the right side of the equation has units of force per time, while the left side has units of force.

F = q*dB/dt has units of force times distance on the right side.

Neither equation is consistent, and there isn't even a made up unit to replace proper units for magnetic field that could make both equations work at the same time.

Also, you failed to attach a Matlab simulation.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #140 on: 08/27/2019 08:47 pm »
I think that children from a second grade school would understated this experiment but you don't...
And you twisting again... The magnetic strip is 1m long and coil glides on plastic sledge until it hits the plastic stop bumper and then we get EMF due to acceleration as seen on the scope but you missed that too... :-)
One warning: personal insults get posts deleted on this site, I shouldn't even be replying to you, as my post will just be deleted too if a mod comes by.

Anyway, you failed to label anything in your photos. The track just looks like a metal sheet. The block that was next to the coil seemed like the most magnet looking thing to me. Anyway with the magnet being that sheet on the track, you simply need to see point #1 from my previous post. The effects from opposite ends of the loop cancel out. This has been explained to you repeatedly.

Also, it is logically impossible for any experiment to validate your so-called "Orman force law" because your units are inconsistent.
The units are: Force in Newtons, flax in Tesla,  Charge in Coulombs, Velocity in m/sec and time in sec... :-) Matlab simulation included... :-)
Here is a post where you atttached your paper.

You have 2 different equations. I am replacing the deltas with d's since that makes the notation more meaningful anyway:

F = q*(dv/dt)*B, which is wrong because the right side of the equation has units of force per time, while the left side has units of force.

F = q*dB/dt has units of force times distance on the right side.

Neither equation is consistent, and there isn't even a made up unit to replace proper units for magnetic field that could make both equations work at the same time.

Also, you failed to attach a Matlab simulation.
OK, I give up, you got math mixed with physics... Right side has unit of charge unit of flux intensity and units of time, but you see units of force... :-) Anyway it is all irrelevant since you have no idea how to interpret simple experiment... I advice you to consult experience electronics engineer... :-) Also you seem to forget that I have previously posted links to all the papers and Matlab files:   
« Last Edit: 08/27/2019 10:59 pm by MathewOrman »

Offline gaballard

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #141 on: 08/27/2019 09:18 pm »
Wow, only in this forum are people so aggressively defensive that they come across as straight up mean... which is a better sounding way of saying "patronizing ass". I think people like Orman genuinely believe they're this rare once-in-a-century genius and that anyone opposing them must just be wrong on principle because they're opposing a once-in-a-century genius.

I find it dubious and possibly a little narcissistic that you've discovered something that radical, yet all you've done with the knowledge is post it on an internet forum so everyone can see how correct you are, instead of using it to actually help people or advance the state of space travel.

Personally I think this forum should be closed, but it's here so people like Orman and Lin can bounce their ideas off of people who actually know WTF they are talking about. If you aren't going to use it for that, find some other site to be mean to people trying to help you.
« Last Edit: 08/27/2019 09:21 pm by gaballard »
"I venture the challenging statement that if American democracy ceases to move forward as a living force, seeking day and night by peaceful means to better the lot of our citizens, fascism will grow in strength in our land." — FDR

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #142 on: 08/27/2019 09:25 pm »
Wow, only in this forum are people so aggressively defensive that they cross into being just plain old mean. I think people like Orman genuinely believe they're this rare once-in-a-century genius and that anyone opposing them must just be wrong on principle because they're opposing a once-in-a-century genius.

I find it dubious and possibly a little narcissistic that you've discovered something that radical, yet all you've done with the knowledge is post it on an internet forum so everyone can see how correct you are, instead of using it to actually help people or advance the state of space travel.

Personally I think this forum should be closed, but it's here so people like Orman and Lin can bounce their ideas off of people who actually know WTF they are talking about. If you aren't going to use it for that, find some other site to be mean to people trying to help you.
So, by your rules someone who posts an experiment which is simple and easy to reproduce with little or no cost is an intruder to this forum with some undetermined intentions other than the sake of and experimental prove... Why not show your expertise in experimenting and show what is wrong with my experiment, please... :-)

Offline gaballard

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #143 on: 08/27/2019 09:29 pm »
The point of my post was that you need to stop being a dick to people. No one has to take a second of their life to do anything for you or your idea.
« Last Edit: 08/27/2019 09:29 pm by gaballard »
"I venture the challenging statement that if American democracy ceases to move forward as a living force, seeking day and night by peaceful means to better the lot of our citizens, fascism will grow in strength in our land." — FDR

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #144 on: 08/27/2019 09:41 pm »
The point of my post was that you need to stop being a dick to people. No one has to take a second of their life to do anything for you or your idea.

But my point is that one cannot patent a propellant-less force drive which is based on new physics because physics laws are not patent-able thus I must first publish Orman Force Law to become a public knowledge and then invent the drive and patent it... Unfortunately there is a danger of someone else inventing a drive based on disclosed new laws in physics...  Still, disappointing that you are not willing to spend a second to show your expertise... :-)
« Last Edit: 08/27/2019 09:50 pm by MathewOrman »

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #145 on: 08/27/2019 09:45 pm »
The point of my post was that you need to stop being a dick to people. No one has to take a second of their life to do anything for you or your idea.

But my point is that one cannot patent a propellant-less force drive which is based on new physics because physics laws are not patent-able thus I must first publish Orman Force Law to become a public knowledge and then invent the drive and patent it... Unfortunately there is a danger of someone else inventing a drive based on disclosed new laws in physics...  Still, disappointing that you are not willing to spend a second to show your expertise... :-)

Members was ask not to reply to my posts, yet he still does...
« Last Edit: 08/27/2019 09:49 pm by MathewOrman »

Offline meberbs

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #146 on: 08/27/2019 10:50 pm »
OK, I give up, you got math mixed with physics...
Math and physics have always been related.
Right side has unit of charge unit of flux intensity and units of time, but you see units of force... :-)
Magnetic field has SI units of Tesla. A Tesla is a derived unit equal to kg/ (A*s^2) in base units, or N*s/(C*m) in units that are convenient when looking at your equations. The left side of both of your equations is force. If the right side does not also equal force when you multiply it out, it means your equations are inconsistent.

Anyway it is all irrelevant since you have no idea how to interpret simple experiment... I advice you to consult experience electronics engineer...
You need to go take your own advice, or you could just listen to me, because I actually know what I am talking about on this subject. Ignoring the fact that standard physics predicts exactly what you found does you no favors.

Also you seem to forget that I have previously posted links to all the papers and Matlab files:
That is a link to a youtube video of a pdf, which is extremely unhelpful. Clicking though it looks like you added a link under the video, with a link to a Matlab script that combines random numbers while completely ignoring the nonsensical units. Matlab will operate on whatever numbers you give it, but it follows the rule of garbage in, garbage out, and your script has contradictory equations. For example, acceleration times magnetic field divided by mass is not equal to acceleration.

edit: had the wrong case on "A" for Ampere.
« Last Edit: 08/27/2019 10:51 pm by meberbs »

Offline Bob012345

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #147 on: 08/27/2019 11:35 pm »
The point of my post was that you need to stop being a dick to people. No one has to take a second of their life to do anything for you or your idea.

But my point is that one cannot patent a propellant-less force drive which is based on new physics because physics laws are not patent-able thus I must first publish Orman Force Law to become a public knowledge and then invent the drive and patent it... Unfortunately there is a danger of someone else inventing a drive based on disclosed new laws in physics...  Still, disappointing that you are not willing to spend a second to show your expertise... :-)

The USPTO apparently believes one can as there are more propellent-less propulsion patents than I am capable of reading.  Of course being patented doesn't prove a device works.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #148 on: 08/28/2019 02:41 am »
The point of my post was that you need to stop being a dick to people. No one has to take a second of their life to do anything for you or your idea.

But my point is that one cannot patent a propellant-less force drive which is based on new physics because physics laws are not patent-able thus I must first publish Orman Force Law to become a public knowledge and then invent the drive and patent it... Unfortunately there is a danger of someone else inventing a drive based on disclosed new laws in physics...  Still, disappointing that you are not willing to spend a second to show your expertise... :-)

The USPTO apparently believes one can as there are more propellent-less propulsion patents than I am capable of reading.  Of course being patented doesn't prove a device works.
Yes, but that is 100 year old news... :-) And patent office will not issue a patent which is based on new physics regardless if the device works or doesn't... :-)
« Last Edit: 08/28/2019 03:17 am by MathewOrman »

Offline Bob012345

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #149 on: 08/28/2019 05:30 pm »
The point of my post was that you need to stop being a dick to people. No one has to take a second of their life to do anything for you or your idea.

But my point is that one cannot patent a propellant-less force drive which is based on new physics because physics laws are not patent-able thus I must first publish Orman Force Law to become a public knowledge and then invent the drive and patent it... Unfortunately there is a danger of someone else inventing a drive based on disclosed new laws in physics...  Still, disappointing that you are not willing to spend a second to show your expertise... :-)

The USPTO apparently believes one can as there are more propellent-less propulsion patents than I am capable of reading.  Of course being patented doesn't prove a device works.
Yes, but that is 100 year old news... :-) And patent office will not issue a patent which is based on new physics regardless if the device works or doesn't... :-)

 There is no legal vs. illegal physics. Patents based on "new" physics are granted all the time.  There  just has to be some reasonable claim the physics is real such as scientific publications. In the case of propellent-less propulsion patents, I believe they allow them because technically, they work even if they prove to only provide minuscule forces such as photon pressure in most cases.

Offline MathewOrman

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Re: The Electromagnetic Wave Electric Field Force Thruster
« Reply #150 on: 08/29/2019 10:25 pm »
The point of my post was that you need to stop being a dick to people. No one has to take a second of their life to do anything for you or your idea.

But my point is that one cannot patent a propellant-less force drive which is based on new physics because physics laws are not patent-able thus I must first publish Orman Force Law to become a public knowledge and then invent the drive and patent it... Unfortunately there is a danger of someone else inventing a drive based on disclosed new laws in physics...  Still, disappointing that you are not willing to spend a second to show your expertise... :-)

The USPTO apparently believes one can as there are more propellent-less propulsion patents than I am capable of reading.  Of course being patented doesn't prove a device works.
Yes, but that is 100 year old news... :-) And patent office will not issue a patent which is based on new physics regardless if the device works or doesn't... :-)

 There is no legal vs. illegal physics. Patents based on "new" physics are granted all the time.  There  just has to be some reasonable claim the physics is real such as scientific publications. In the case of propellent-less propulsion patents, I believe they allow them because technically, they work even if they prove to only provide minuscule forces such as photon pressure in most cases.
That is what I have said: Publish new physics first then patent a device based on previously published new physics... :-)

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